1,720,959 research outputs found
Time–Motion Analysis of the 2023 Women’s World Boxing Championships Finals
Full text linkBackground: This study investigated boxers’ activity profiles during the final matches (3 × 3 min format) of the IBA 2023 Women’s World Boxing Championships. Methods: Footage of the 12 finals was used to analyse the frequency and duration of fighting (F), punching (P), clinching (C), no-fighting (NF), and arbitral interruption (AI) phases. The analysis was conducted both for weight categories and divisions (lightweight (LWC): 48, 50, 52, 54, 57, and 60 kg; middleweight (MWC): 63, 66, 70, and 75 kg; heavyweight (HWC): 81 and 81+ kg). Results: Pooled data per round revealed significant differences for P (<0.001), C (p = 0.002), NF (p < 0.001), and AI (p < 0.001) phases, as well for P mean duration across rounds (p < 0.001). The MWC division showed significantly shorter F duration compared with the LWC (p = 0.007) and MWC divisions (<0.001). The F/NF total time ratio showed a prevalence of F in the 48, 50, 63, and 81+ kg categories, while NF prevailed in the 54, 57, 60, and 75 kg categories. Conclusions: While HWC primarily relied on C actions, the 54, 57, 60, and 75 kg categories showed higher NF frequency. This fact explains a different strategic match management approach with deliberate rhythm, controlled pauses, and opponent analysis, which coaches should consider for enhancing athletes’ performance by considering weight categories
Notational Analysis of the Final Matches of the 2023 IBA Women’s World Boxing Championships
Full text linkBackground: Recently, elite women’s boxing has undergone significant structural and regulatory changes, including the adoption of the 3 × 3-min-bout format and expanded Olympic categories. Despite increased female participation, scientific literature remains predominantly focused on male athletes. This study aimed to identify the technical and tactical actions that distinguish winner from loser boxers in elite amateur women’s boxing by analysing the final matches of the 2023 IBA Women’s World Boxing Championships. Methods: Twelve final bouts (one per weight-category) were analysed using a customised notational framework based on the offensive–defensive interaction cycle. A total of 1323 offensive and 1456 defensive actions were recorded and categorised using Kinovea (0.9.5 release) software and an Excel dashboard. Offensive Effectiveness Ratio (OER) and Defensive Effectiveness Ratio (DER) were calculated, and Chi-square tests with standardised residuals were applied to detect associations between action types and bout outcomes. Results: Winners performed fewer offensive actions (n = 635) than losers (n = 688) but demonstrated significantly higher OER across all rounds (W: 0.39-0.38-0.39; L: 0.26-0.28-0.29). Winners landed more punches to the head and made greater use of rear-hand hooks and uppercuts. Pivoting and shifting back, particularly when followed by counterattacks, were significantly associated with winners (p < 0.001). Conversely, parrying and single counterpunches were linked to losing outcomes. DER values suggested superior defensive efficiency among winners. Conclusions: Winner boxers showed superior technical effectiveness, selective use of single and rear-hand punches and used more dynamic defensive strategies. These findings support using notational analysis in high-performance coaching and emphasise the need for more research on elite female combat athletes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Вишедимензионални приступ у изучавању играња ватерпола
No full textNowadays, the ability to change swimming styles and body positions, involving continuous shifting from horizontal to vertical posture and performing jumps, as well as technical skills and tactical behaviour of players, play a fundamental role in water polo performance. To face with these demands, the coaching staff of elite and sub-elite water polo clubs might adopt a variety of training methods, also based on their specific coaching philosophies. A multidimensional approach based on the understanding of the coaches' national coaching philosophy integrated by the individuals and collective tactical assessment, monitoring of players' workload and recovery status, could positively affect the coaching staff's analysis and interpretation of water polo performance. The aim of this PhD dissertation was to investigate on water polo performance by establishing an ecological and multidimensional approach to the physical monitoring and technical-tactical evaluation of water polo players. This research included cross-sectional and longitudinal observational designs with the application of questionnaires and match analysis tools. Data collection took place in three steps, making four different studies and testing five different hypotheses. The first part of this dissertation investigated on national water polo coaching schools, the second part on the use of Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) instrument to analyse the technical and tactical performance, while the third part focused on the monitoring of players match loads. Analytical and basic descriptive, univariable, and multivariable statistical methods have been used as the main tools for cognitive reasoning and qualitative defining of the investigated phenomena.
In the study 1 the purpose was to survey 40 head coaches of three important national water polo schools (Italy, Greece, and Serbia) to identify and compare their coaching philosophies and training methodologies. The survey was based on five sections (Technical staff composition, Team roster, Weekly periodization, Testing and monitoring, Tactics and strategies). By means of detailed descriptive statistic, the study gave interesting information on how 40 high-ranking elite and sub-elite teams of different national championships organize their training during a typical week of the competitive season.
The aim of the study 2 was to provide an analysis of offensive actions, by means of the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) of the first four youth national teams during the 20th FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships. Twenty-nine elite youth (U20) water polo matches, involving the national teams of Greece (n= 7), Serbia (n= 7), Italy (n= 7) and Croatia (n= 8) were selected for the analysis. The TSAP included: i) two indicators of gaining possession of the ball; ii) four indicators of disposing the ball. Using these indicators, the following indexes of technical performance were computed: Volume of Play (VP), Efficiency Index (EI) and Performance Score (PS). The field was divided in twelve zones. The one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between teams for all parameters (p>0.05), except that for Offensive Balls (OB) and Successful Shots (SS) occurred in specific zones of the field: for OB significant differences were found in zone 1 (p= .019), in zone 2 (p= .014) and in zone 5 (p= .007); for SS significant differences were found in zone 1 (p= .026) and in zone 2 (p= .008).
The aim of the study 3 was to use the same instrument (TSAP) to give a technical and tactical analysis of offensive phases in an Italian elite senior water polo team, playing in the Italian First League championship during the season 2021-22 (19 matches). Using the same indicators of the study 2, Volume of Play (VP), Efficiency Index (EI) and Performance Score (PS) indexes were computed for each player of the roster (n= 15). The multiple linear regression showed a significant association for playing position and VP and PS. Perimetral players showed the highest VP (65%) and PS (66%) values, center defenders the highest values of CB (30%), while center forwards gained the highest amount of exclusion handling the ball (48%).
The study 4 aimed to investigate the effects of playing positions and contextual factors (match outcome, final score difference, match location, travel duration, number of scored and conceded goals) on the internal match load, players’ perceived recovery and players’ well-being. The session-RPE (s-RPE), Perceived Recovery Scale (PRS) and Hooper Index (HI) of 17 male elite water polo players were monitored during all matches (regular season and play-out) of the 2021-22 Italian Serie A1 championship...Sposobnost promene načina plivanja i položaja tela, uključujući kontinuirano prebacivanje iz horizontalnog u vertikalni položaj i izvođenje skokova, kao i tehničke veštine i taktičko ponašanje igrača, imaju fundamentalnu ulogu u odnosu na realizaciju vaterpolo performanse. Da bi se suočili sa ovim zahtevima, treneri vaterpolo klubova moraju usvojiti znanja u odnosu na različite metode treninga, koja su u odredjenom stepenu zasnovana na njihovoj specifičnoj trenerskoj filozofiji. Višedimenzionalni pristup trenažnog rada zasnovan na razumevanju nacionalne trenerske filozofije koju integrišu pojedinci ali i kolektiv, baziraju se na taktičkoj proceni, praćenju opterećenja i statusa oporavka igrača, mogu pozitivno uticati na analizu i tumačenje vaterpolo učinka trenerskog osoblja. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitivanje vaterpolo performanse uspostavljanjem ekološkog i višedimenzionalnog pristupa u odnosu na fizičko praćenje i tehničko-taktičkom ocenjivanju vaterpolista. Ovo istraživanje je obuhvatilo poprečne i longitudinalne opservacione dizajne uz primenu upitnika i alata za analizu podudaranja elemenata prostora vaterpolo igre. Prikupljanje podataka odvijalo se u tri faze, elaborirajuči iste u odnosu na četiri različite studije i a za potrebe testiranja pet različitih hipoteza. Prvi deo je bio da se istraži nacionalne vaterpolo trenerske škole, drugi deo je bio da se postigne TSAP instrument, a treći da se prati opterećenje igrača. Kao glavni statistički alati korišćeni su analitičke i osnovne deskriptivne, univarijabilne i multivarijabilne statističke metode.
U studiji 1 anketirano je 40 glavnih trenera tri vrhunske nacionalne vaterpolo škole (Italija, Grčka i Srbija) kako bi se identifikovale i uporedile njihove trenerske filozofije i metodologije treninga. Anketa se zasnivala na pet sekcija (Sastav tehničkog osoblja, Spisak tima, Nedeljna periodizacija, Testiranje i praćenje, Taktike i strategije). Uz pomoć detaljne deskriptivne statistike, studija je dala značajne informacije o tome kako 40 visokorangiranih vaterpolo timova različitih nacionalnih šampionata organizuje svoje treninge tokom tipične nedelje takmičarske sezone.
Cilj studije 2 bio je da pruži analiza ofanzivnih akcija, pomoću promene metode Procedure za procenu timskog sporta (TSAP) a kod prve četiri plasirane reprezentacije juniorskog uzrasta tokom 20. FINA juniorskog (U20) svetskog prvenstva u vaterpolu. Za analizu je odabrano 29 vaterpolo utakmica u kojima su učestvovale reprezentacije Grčke (n= 7), Srbije (n= 7), Italije (n= 7) i Hrvatske (n= 8). TSAP je uključivao: i) dva indikatora sticanja lopte u posedu; ii) četiri indikatora bacanja (dodavanja i šutiranja) lopte. Koristeći ove indikatore, izračunati su sledeći indeksi tehničkih performansi: Indeks obima performanse (VP), Indeks efikasnosti (EI) i Skor učinka (PS). Teren je bio podeljen na dvanaest zona. Jednosmerna ANOVA nije pokazala statistički značajne razlike između timova za sve parametre (p>0,05), osim što su se za ofanzivne lopte (OB) i uspešne šuteve (SS) desile u određenim zonama terena: za OB značajne razlike su nađene u zoni 1 (p= .019), u zoni 2 (p= .014) i u zoni 5 (p= .007); za SS značajne razlike nađene su u zoni 1 (p= .026) i u zoni 2 (p= .008).
Cilj studije 3 je bio da se pomoću istog instrumenta (TSAP) definiše tehnička i taktička analiza ofanzivnih faza u italijanskoj elitnoj seniorskoj vaterpolo ekipi, koja je igrala u šampionatu italijanske Prve lige tokom sezone 2021-22 (19 mečeva). Koristeći iste indikatore studije 2, indeksi obima igre (VP), indeksa efikasnosti (EI) i skor učinka (PS) izračunati su za svakog igrača posebno (n= 15). Analiza višestruke linearne regresije pokazala je značajnu povezanost za igračku poziciju i indekse VP i PS. Konkretno, spoljni (krilni) igrači su pokazali najveći procenat VP (65%) i PS (66%) respektivno. Odbrambeni igrači – centralni bekovi su imali najveći nivo osvojenih lopti (30%), dok su igrači na poziciji centra ostvarili najveći broj isključenja držeći loptu (48%).
Studija 4 imala je za cilj da istraži efekte igračke pozicije i kontekstualnih faktora (ishod utakmice, konačna razlika u rezultatu, lokacija meča, trajanje putovanja, broj postignutih i primljenih golova) na unutrašnje opterećenje utakmice, percipirani oporavak igrača i osećaj opšteg zadovoljstva igrača. Session-RPE (s-RPE), percipirana skala oporavka (PRS) i Hooper indeks (HI) 17 muških elitnih vaterpolista praćeni su tokom svih mečeva (regularne sezone i plej-auta) italijanske Serije A1 prvenstva 2021-22 godine..
Вишедимензионални приступ у изучавању играња ватерпола
Full text linkNowadays, the ability to change swimming styles and body positions, involving continuous shifting from horizontal to vertical posture and performing jumps, as well as technical skills and tactical behaviour of players, play a fundamental role in water polo performance. To face with these demands, the coaching staff of elite and sub-elite water polo clubs might adopt a variety of training methods, also based on their specific coaching philosophies. A multidimensional approach based on the understanding of the coaches' national coaching philosophy integrated by the individuals and collective tactical assessment, monitoring of players' workload and recovery status, could positively affect the coaching staff's analysis and interpretation of water polo performance. The aim of this PhD dissertation was to investigate on water polo performance by establishing an ecological and multidimensional approach to the physical monitoring and technical-tactical evaluation of water polo players. This research included cross-sectional and longitudinal observational designs with the application of questionnaires and match analysis tools. Data collection took place in three steps, making four different studies and testing five different hypotheses. The first part of this dissertation investigated on national water polo coaching schools, the second part on the use of Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) instrument to analyse the technical and tactical performance, while the third part focused on the monitoring of players match loads. Analytical and basic descriptive, univariable, and multivariable statistical methods have been used as the main tools for cognitive reasoning and qualitative defining of the investigated phenomena.
In the study 1 the purpose was to survey 40 head coaches of three important national water polo schools (Italy, Greece, and Serbia) to identify and compare their coaching philosophies and training methodologies. The survey was based on five sections (Technical staff composition, Team roster, Weekly periodization, Testing and monitoring, Tactics and strategies). By means of detailed descriptive statistic, the study gave interesting information on how 40 high-ranking elite and sub-elite teams of different national championships organize their training during a typical week of the competitive season.
The aim of the study 2 was to provide an analysis of offensive actions, by means of the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) of the first four youth national teams during the 20th FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships. Twenty-nine elite youth (U20) water polo matches, involving the national teams of Greece (n= 7), Serbia (n= 7), Italy (n= 7) and Croatia (n= 8) were selected for the analysis. The TSAP included: i) two indicators of gaining possession of the ball; ii) four indicators of disposing the ball. Using these indicators, the following indexes of technical performance were computed: Volume of Play (VP), Efficiency Index (EI) and Performance Score (PS). The field was divided in twelve zones. The one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between teams for all parameters (p>0.05), except that for Offensive Balls (OB) and Successful Shots (SS) occurred in specific zones of the field: for OB significant differences were found in zone 1 (p= .019), in zone 2 (p= .014) and in zone 5 (p= .007); for SS significant differences were found in zone 1 (p= .026) and in zone 2 (p= .008).
The aim of the study 3 was to use the same instrument (TSAP) to give a technical and tactical analysis of offensive phases in an Italian elite senior water polo team, playing in the Italian First League championship during the season 2021-22 (19 matches). Using the same indicators of the study 2, Volume of Play (VP), Efficiency Index (EI) and Performance Score (PS) indexes were computed for each player of the roster (n= 15). The multiple linear regression showed a significant association for playing position and VP and PS. Perimetral players showed the highest VP (65%) and PS (66%) values, center defenders the highest values of CB (30%), while center forwards gained the highest amount of exclusion handling the ball (48%).
The study 4 aimed to investigate the effects of playing positions and contextual factors (match outcome, final score difference, match location, travel duration, number of scored and conceded goals) on the internal match load, players’ perceived recovery and players’ well-being. The session-RPE (s-RPE), Perceived Recovery Scale (PRS) and Hooper Index (HI) of 17 male elite water polo players were monitored during all matches (regular season and play-out) of the 2021-22 Italian Serie A1 championship...Sposobnost promene načina plivanja i položaja tela, uključujući kontinuirano prebacivanje iz horizontalnog u vertikalni položaj i izvođenje skokova, kao i tehničke veštine i taktičko ponašanje igrača, imaju fundamentalnu ulogu u odnosu na realizaciju vaterpolo performanse. Da bi se suočili sa ovim zahtevima, treneri vaterpolo klubova moraju usvojiti znanja u odnosu na različite metode treninga, koja su u odredjenom stepenu zasnovana na njihovoj specifičnoj trenerskoj filozofiji. Višedimenzionalni pristup trenažnog rada zasnovan na razumevanju nacionalne trenerske filozofije koju integrišu pojedinci ali i kolektiv, baziraju se na taktičkoj proceni, praćenju opterećenja i statusa oporavka igrača, mogu pozitivno uticati na analizu i tumačenje vaterpolo učinka trenerskog osoblja. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitivanje vaterpolo performanse uspostavljanjem ekološkog i višedimenzionalnog pristupa u odnosu na fizičko praćenje i tehničko-taktičkom ocenjivanju vaterpolista. Ovo istraživanje je obuhvatilo poprečne i longitudinalne opservacione dizajne uz primenu upitnika i alata za analizu podudaranja elemenata prostora vaterpolo igre. Prikupljanje podataka odvijalo se u tri faze, elaborirajuči iste u odnosu na četiri različite studije i a za potrebe testiranja pet različitih hipoteza. Prvi deo je bio da se istraži nacionalne vaterpolo trenerske škole, drugi deo je bio da se postigne TSAP instrument, a treći da se prati opterećenje igrača. Kao glavni statistički alati korišćeni su analitičke i osnovne deskriptivne, univarijabilne i multivarijabilne statističke metode.
U studiji 1 anketirano je 40 glavnih trenera tri vrhunske nacionalne vaterpolo škole (Italija, Grčka i Srbija) kako bi se identifikovale i uporedile njihove trenerske filozofije i metodologije treninga. Anketa se zasnivala na pet sekcija (Sastav tehničkog osoblja, Spisak tima, Nedeljna periodizacija, Testiranje i praćenje, Taktike i strategije). Uz pomoć detaljne deskriptivne statistike, studija je dala značajne informacije o tome kako 40 visokorangiranih vaterpolo timova različitih nacionalnih šampionata organizuje svoje treninge tokom tipične nedelje takmičarske sezone.
Cilj studije 2 bio je da pruži analiza ofanzivnih akcija, pomoću promene metode Procedure za procenu timskog sporta (TSAP) a kod prve četiri plasirane reprezentacije juniorskog uzrasta tokom 20. FINA juniorskog (U20) svetskog prvenstva u vaterpolu. Za analizu je odabrano 29 vaterpolo utakmica u kojima su učestvovale reprezentacije Grčke (n= 7), Srbije (n= 7), Italije (n= 7) i Hrvatske (n= 8). TSAP je uključivao: i) dva indikatora sticanja lopte u posedu; ii) četiri indikatora bacanja (dodavanja i šutiranja) lopte. Koristeći ove indikatore, izračunati su sledeći indeksi tehničkih performansi: Indeks obima performanse (VP), Indeks efikasnosti (EI) i Skor učinka (PS). Teren je bio podeljen na dvanaest zona. Jednosmerna ANOVA nije pokazala statistički značajne razlike između timova za sve parametre (p>0,05), osim što su se za ofanzivne lopte (OB) i uspešne šuteve (SS) desile u određenim zonama terena: za OB značajne razlike su nađene u zoni 1 (p= .019), u zoni 2 (p= .014) i u zoni 5 (p= .007); za SS značajne razlike nađene su u zoni 1 (p= .026) i u zoni 2 (p= .008).
Cilj studije 3 je bio da se pomoću istog instrumenta (TSAP) definiše tehnička i taktička analiza ofanzivnih faza u italijanskoj elitnoj seniorskoj vaterpolo ekipi, koja je igrala u šampionatu italijanske Prve lige tokom sezone 2021-22 (19 mečeva). Koristeći iste indikatore studije 2, indeksi obima igre (VP), indeksa efikasnosti (EI) i skor učinka (PS) izračunati su za svakog igrača posebno (n= 15). Analiza višestruke linearne regresije pokazala je značajnu povezanost za igračku poziciju i indekse VP i PS. Konkretno, spoljni (krilni) igrači su pokazali najveći procenat VP (65%) i PS (66%) respektivno. Odbrambeni igrači – centralni bekovi su imali najveći nivo osvojenih lopti (30%), dok su igrači na poziciji centra ostvarili najveći broj isključenja držeći loptu (48%).
Studija 4 imala je za cilj da istraži efekte igračke pozicije i kontekstualnih faktora (ishod utakmice, konačna razlika u rezultatu, lokacija meča, trajanje putovanja, broj postignutih i primljenih golova) na unutrašnje opterećenje utakmice, percipirani oporavak igrača i osećaj opšteg zadovoljstva igrača. Session-RPE (s-RPE), percipirana skala oporavka (PRS) i Hooper indeks (HI) 17 muških elitnih vaterpolista praćeni su tokom svih mečeva (regularne sezone i plej-auta) italijanske Serije A1 prvenstva 2021-22 godine..
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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