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Potential for new railroad lines in Austria
Get PDFNachhaltiger Personenverkehr ist für die Erreichung der österreichischen Klimaziele ein wesentlicher Faktor. Insbesondere der Bahnverkehr, der allgemein eine gute CO2-Bilanz aufweist und mit CO2-freier Elektrizität betrieben werden kann, gewinnt an Bedeutung. Um dieses klimafreundliche Potenzial bestmöglich auszuschöpfen, gilt es nicht nur bestehende Strecken durch passende Intervalle und eine zeitgemäße Ausstattung zu optimieren, sondern auch neue Streckenpotenziale zu eruieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist daher die Identifikation von Teilflächen, die in Österreich noch nicht mit zukunftsfähiger Bahninfrastruktur ausgestattet sind. Zur Identifikation der Potenzialflächen für neue Eisenbahnstrecken wurde ein Modell entwickelt,um eine einheitliche Vorgehensweise zu definieren. Die Validierung dieses Modells ist ebenfalls Teil dieser Arbeit. Es werden die zentralen Forschungsfragen beantwortet, welche neuen Eisenbahnstrecken in Österreich das größte Potenzial haben und inwiefern das vorgestellte Rechenmodellzur Identifikation dieser geeignet ist. Die Forschungsmethodik ist durch einen 3-stufigen Prozess abgebildet. Ausgehend vom einheitlichen 500m-Raster im europäischen terrestrischen Referenzsystem, in der lambertschen Azimutalprojektion werden das Topografiepotenzial und das Fahrgastpotenzial in einem ersten Schritt bestimmt. Die Datengrundlage zu den Berechnungen speist sich aus frei zugängliche Beschäftigungs- und Bevölkerungsstatistiken. Danach werden die Einzelpotenziale zu einem Flächenpotenzial aggregiert und einer Klassifizierung von 1 bis 18 unterzogen, wobei der Wert 18 einer Zelle zugewiesen wird, die optimale Verhältnisse hinsichtlich der Topografie und der möglichen Fahrgäste aufweist. Die Aggregation wird einer Sensitivitätsanalyse unterzogen, um Auswirkungen in der Gewichtung von Topografie- und Fahrgastpotenzial bewerten zu können.Visualisierungen und Vergleiche des Flächenpotenzials mit der bestehenden Bahninfrastruktur und die sich daraus ergebenden Detailanalysen schließen die einheitliche Vorgehensweise ab.Die Forschungsergebnisse werden hinsichtlich möglicher Hauptbahnen, mit einer maximalen Steigung von 12,5‰, und Nebenbahnen, mit einer maximalen Steigung von 40‰, dargestellt.Die bundesweite Betrachtung der Flächenpotenziale, in Kombination mit der bestehenden Bahninfrastruktur,zeigt, dass insbesondere in den Ballungszentren anliegenden Bereichen Potenzial für weitere Schieneninfrastruktur gegeben ist. Beobachtet wird, dass an der Bundesgrenze zwischen Vorarlberg und der Schweiz weiteres Potenzial besteht. Für Hauptbahnen ergeben sich fünf und für Nebenbahnen zusätzlich zwei Analysebereiche, die im Detail bewertet werden. Die Umsetzungsnotwendigkeit wird anhand der Abdeckung mit den Flächen aus dem ÖV-Güteklassensystem berechnet. Für Hauptbahnen werden die Bereiche Krems Umgebung sowie Wien Ost als größte Potenzialflächen bewertet. Für Nebenbahnen können zusätzlich die Bereiche Salzburg Nord und Linz Süd als größte Potenzialflächen eingegrenzt werden. Das Rechenmodell besteht aus Fahrgast- und Topografiepotenzial. Die Treffsicherheit des Topografiepotenzials wird durch eine hohe Deckung mit dem aktuellen Streckennetz in Österreich bestätigt. Das Fahrgastpotenzial wird im Anschluss für Flächen mit Topografiepotenzial bewertet. Die aus dem Gesamtpotenzial identifizierten Analysebereiche werden mit Kennwerten miteinander verglichen, um eine Reihung der Umsetzungsnotwendigkeiten zu erhalten. Die standardisierte Vorgehensweise eignete sich demnach, Flächen für neue Bahnstrecken, unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen im Fahrgastpotenzial, zu identifizieren. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit bietet eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für neue Bahninfrastrukturen und ein Instrument für eine ÖV-orientierte Raumplanung. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Diplomarbeit können länderübergreifende Analysebereiche untersucht und das Rechenmodell durch weitere öffentliche Datengrundlagen verfeinert werden.Sustainable passenger transport is an essential factor in achieving Austria’s climate targets. In particular, rail transport, which generally has an excellent carbon footprint and can be operated with CO2-free electricity, is gaining importance. In order to exploit this climate-friendly potential in the best possible way, it is necessary to optimize existing routes through suitable intervals and modern equipment and elicit new route potentials. Therefore, this study identifies areas in Austria with poor sustainable rail infrastructure.The thesis presents a model to identify potential areas for new railroad lines, aiming to define a uniform procedure. The validation of this model is also part of the work. Thus, the central research questions are answered, which areas in Austria have the most significant potential for new railroad lines, and to what extent the presented model is suitable for identifying these?A 3-step process represents the research methodology. Starting from a uniform 500m grid in the European terrestrial reference system, in the Lambertian azimuthal projection, the topography and passenger potential are determined in the first step. The database for the calculations is freely accessible and consists of employment, population statistics, and topographic data. The topography and passenger potentials are aggregated into an area potential and subjected to a classification of 1-18. The model assigns the value 18 to cells with optimal topography and potential ridership conditions. The aggregation is subjected to sensitivity analysis to evaluate impacts in the weighting of topography and ridership potential. Visualizations, comparisons of area potential with existing rail infrastructure, and the resulting detailed analyses conclude the unified approach. Different research results are presented for main lines, with a maximum gradient of 12,5‰, and secondary lines, with a maximum gradient of 40‰. The nationwide review of the area potentials combined with existing rail infrastructure shows potential for further rail infrastructure, especially in areas adjacent to the conurbations. Furthermore,the thesis reveals further potential at the national border between Vorarlberg and Switzerland. The author determines five analysis areas for main lines and additionally two areas for secondary lines. The need for implementation is calculated by comparing the analysis areas with the ÖV-Güteklassen. For main lines, the most significant potential areas are the surroundings of Krems and Vienna East. Salzburg North and Linz South were the most significant potential areas for secondary lines. The calculation model consists of passenger and topography potential. A coverage of 80% with the current route network in Austria confirms the accuracy of the topography potential. The passenger potential is exclusively evaluated for areas with topography potential. The analysis areas identified from the total potential are compared with each other using characteristic values in order to obtain a ranking of the need for implementation. Accordingly, the standardized approach was suitable for identifying areas for new railroad lines. The dynamic model considers changes in the data basis as well. This diploma thesis proposes a standardized and digital approach to enhance decision-making for new rail infrastructure and an instrument for transit-oriented development. Based on the results, cross-national analysis areas can be investigated, and other public databases can refine the calculation model
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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