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Indagine intorno alle origini dell'enciclopedismo moderno nei suoi fondamenti teorici: linee evolutive dell'aspirazione all'unificazione e sistematizzazione del sapere nella prima età moderna
No full textL'interesse enciclopedico quale preoccupazione costante nell'età moderna si manifesta da un lato nell'avvertita esigenza di una decifrazione della struttura della realtà, dall'altro nel desiderio di un'inventariazione degli enti appartenenti ai diversi ambiti della natura da ordinare e riconoscere nella loro strutturazione reciproca.
La ricerca muove i primi passi dal confluire quattrocentesco della riflessione logica e della mnemotecnica all'incontro del centro d'interesse che viene man mano formandosi e in cui ha larga parte la rinascita del lullismo. A queste si sommano la levitazione simbolica delle forme di conoscenza e la rinnovata coscienza artistica della modernità nascente, che determina anche figurativamente la dottrina dei 'luoghi' che col tempo assurgerà al ruolo di griglia di riferimento della sistematizzazione delle conoscenze.
La triade dei platonici rinascimentali quattrocenteschi Cusano - Ficino - Pico della Mirandola sembra nel contempo consolidare e raccogliere queste aspirazioni ancora per molti aspetti sparse e 'puntiformi' in una solida concezione ontologica e antropologica in cui l'unità sostanziale della natura e la centralità dell'uomo rispetto ad essa quale microcosmo predispongono all'operazione enciclopedica che, se non viene ancora esplicitamente teorizzata come tale, nondimeno affiora più volte in forma di potenzialità dello spirito umano. Intanto importanti prospettive e orientamenti del rinnovamento dialettico e retorico dell'Italia del Quattrocento contribuiscono alla formazione della riflessione di Rudolf Agricola, destinata a una profonda influenza nel secolo successivo, e al volgere del secolo la logica si inclina sempre più a strumento di rappresentazione della realtà nelle sintesi dalla crescente connotazione metafisica di Lefèvre d'Etaples, Clichtowe e Bovillus. In quest'ultimo in particolare sembrano affiorare elementi-spia che rivelano la natura dell'aspirazione enciclopedica stessa come direttamente connessa al progressivo formarsi della coscienza della soggettività nel pensiero moderno.
La più fitta ripresa del lullismo nel Cinquecento corrisponde ad un sensibile movimento di deriva magico-esoterica dell'ars e dell'intero progetto di unificazione del sapere, deriva che a partire da Agrippa e Murner, raggiunge alla fine del secolo la massima espressione nella complessa elaborazione di Giordano Bruno. Alla metà del Cinquecento, però, il parallelo sviluppo della riflessione dialettico-retorica dà luogo, con Pietro Ramo, ad un primo assestamento centrato intorno alla formulazione del 'metodo', destinato a notevoli echi ed influenze ancora nel secolo successivo, mentre nella seconda metà del Cinquecento si precisano la simbolica dei caratteri e comincia a farsi strada l'idea di Teatro del mondo come forma espositiva della conoscenza a carattere enciclopedico.
The encyclopedical interest as a constant task in the modern age shows on the one hand the need of a deciphering of the reality structure, on the other the desire to inventory the beings belonging to the different nature frameworks to order and recognize in their disposition.
The research move from the confluence, in the fifteenth century, of the logical reflexion and mnemonic arts on a new centre of interest, where a large part have the lullism renaissance. All that is joined by the symbolical levitation of the knowledge forms and the renewed artistical conscience of the dawning modern civilization, that determine also figuratively the 'topical' doctrine that gradually will take the place of a reference 'grill' for the knowledge systematization.
The platonical triad of the fifteenth century, composed by Cusano, Ficino and Pico della Mirandola seems at the same time consolidate and gather up these aims still sprinkled in a sound ontological and anthropological conception where the substantial unity of Nature and the central position of man as a microcosm arrange the encyclopedical operation that, if it is still not explicitly theorized, it appears more times as a human spirit potentiality. Meanwhile some important perspectives of the dialectical and rhetorical renewal of Renaissance Italy contributes to the definition of the thought of Rudolf Agricola, that will have a deep influence in the following time. At th end of the fifteenth century the logic tend to became an instrument of representation of reality in the more metaphysical synthesis of Lefevre d'Etaples, Clichtowe e Bovillus. In Bovelles expecially seems to appear some element that shows the character of the encyclopedical aim as directly connected to the progressive growth of the subjective conscience in modern thought.
A more intense revival of lullism in the sixteenth century correspond to a sensible magic-esoteric drift of the ars and of the entire project of unifing knowledge. This drift, from Agrippa and Murner, reach at the end of the century its maximum in the thought of Giordano Bruno. However in the mid of sixteenth century the parallel development of the dialecticalrhetorical reflexion produces, with Petrus Ramus, a first adjustment around the concept of 'method', still influent in the following century, while in the second half of the sixteenth century take shape the characters symbolic and begin to take place the idea of Theatrum mundi as an expositive form of the encyclopedical knowledge
«L'odiosità dei monopoli». Appunti sugli aspetti liberistici del pensiero di Rosmini
No full textAntonio Rosmini’s interest for economic matters and political economy is well-known. This paper investigates Rosmini’s understanding of competition and the role of government in fostering economic development. Rosmini endorsed a positive view of free-market competition, seeing corporatist schemes as contrivances for the benefit of private interests vis-à-vis the common good. When it comes to international trade, Rosmini admitted in principle some qualifications for the application of the principle of free trade, endorsing a gradualist approach to achieve a condition of full free trade, like Adam Smith. However, the conditions he posed for the legitimacy of protection and tariffs are such that a case for a mercantilist read of his work can hardly be made. A closer look at his writings confirms the intuition of Pietro Piovani, who suggested in the 1950s that his understanding of laissez-faire is a cornerstone of this philosopher’s political thought
Profili della libertà in Antonio Rosmini
No full textLa parola “libertà” evoca una pluralità di sentimenti, significati, accezioni e suggestioni. L’anelito più alto di ogni uomo riluce in una bellissima definizione di Antonio Rosmini: «la persona è libertà». Consapevoli della profondità e della portata di tale espressione, diversi studiosi del pensiero del Roveretano si sono cimentati nell’indagare una pluralità di profili e sfaccettature che la libertà assume nella sua esperienza di vita e nei campi del sapere che egli analizza: dalla metafisica alla politica, dal diritto alla teologia, dall’ecclesiologia alla spiritualità. Lungi dal pretendere di esaurire il caleidoscopio dei riverberi del tema nell’articolata e ampia prospettiva di pensiero rosminiana, il volume offre una serie di originali affondi sul tema, ospitando contributi di F. Bellelli, F. De Giorgi, M. Ferronato, M. Gobbo, M. Krienke, C. Liermann Traniello, P. Marangon, A. Mingardi, S. Muscolino, V. Nardin, M. Nicoletti, P. Pagani, A. Peratoner, P. Salomoni, G.P. Soliani, A. Staglianò, S.F. Tadini, S. Zanardi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dynamic Course of Clinical State Transitions in Patients Undergoing Advanced Life Support after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Get PDFObjectives: Studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest generally document the presenting (pulseless electrical activity [PEA], ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT), asystole), and the final states (resuming stable spontaneous circulation [s-ROSC], being declared dead). Only a few studies described the transitions between clinical states during advanced life support (ALS). The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the dynamics of state transitions during ALS. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 464 OHCA events was conducted. Any observed state and its corresponding changing time were documented through continuous electrocardiographic and trans-thoracic impedance recording. Results: When achieved, most s-ROSCs were obtained by 30 min, regardless of the presenting state. After this time point, the persistence of any transient state was associated with a great probability of being declared dead. The most probable change for VF/VT or PEA at any time was the transition to asystole (36.4% and 34.4%, respectively); patients in asystole at any time had a 70% probability of death. Patients achieving s-ROSC mostly came from a VF/VT state.In most cases, the presenting rhythm tended to persist over time during ALS. Asystole was the most stable state; a higher degree of instability was observed when the presenting rhythms were VF/VT or PEA. Transient ROSC episodes occurred mainly as the first transition after the presenting state, especially for initial PEA. Conclusions: An understanding of the dynamic course of clinical state transitions during ALS may allow treatment strategies to be tailored in patients affected by OHCA
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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