1,720,967 research outputs found
Studio dei circuiti di controllo in sottopopolazioni di cellule mieloidi soppressive indotte dalla crescita tumorale
Get PDFAim of this work was to phenotypically and functionally distinguish myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and study their cytokine- and microRNA-mediated regulation. In the first part of the work we silenced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 4T1 mammary carcinoma line by means of RNA interference (RNAi), highlighting the relevance of this factor in the preferential induction of suppressive myeloid subpopulations and in the control of their maturation and functional properties. By using this in vivo model, we were also able to show that GM-CSF released by cancer cells, in addition to promote myeloid recruitment to the tumor site, is critical for their invasive potential and the induction of neo-angiogenesis, factors that contribute to rapid tumor growth and that are indeed inhibited when the cytokine is silenced. We also developed an in vitro model, by culturing bone marrow (BM) cells with GM-CSF and other hematopoietic cytokines, that allowed us to easily examine the molecular mechanisms driving MDSC subset differentiation. In particular, we explored the role of some microRNA, found to be differentially expressed between non-suppressive myeloid cells and MDSCs, on phenotype and function of the different BM-MDSC subsets obtained in vitro. The microRNA we identified were able to limit the expansion of a monocyte/macrophage suppressive cell fraction and to inhibit the proliferation of BM cultures. From some recent evidences, these microRNA seems to regulate genes involved in myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic homeostasis maintenance.Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di distinguere sottopopolazioni di cellule mieloidi soppressorie (MDSC) con caratteristiche fenotipiche e funzionali differenti e studiarne la regolazione mediata da citochine o da microRNA (miRNA). Nella prima parte del lavoro è stato messo a punto il silenziamento genico, mediante RNA interference (RNAi), del gene per il granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) nella linea tumorale 4T1, che ci ha permesso di evidenziare l’importanza di questo mediatore nell’indurre l’accumulo preferenziale di sottopopolazioni mieloidi con attività soppressiva e nel modularne sia la maturazione che l’attività. L’impiego di questo modello in vivo ci ha inoltre permesso di osservare come il rilascio di GM-CSF da parte del tumore sia cruciale, oltre che per il reclutamento dell’infiltrato mieloide, anche per l’induzione di neo-angiogenesi e per il potenziale invasivo della neoplasia, fattori che concorrono alla rapida crescita tumorale e risultano inibiti dal silenziamento della citochina.
Grazie all’utilizzo di un sistema di coltura in vitro di cellule midollari con GM-CSF e altre citochine ematopoietiche, siamo poi stati in grado di studiare agevolmente alcuni aspetti molecolari alla base della maturazione delle diverse sottopopolazioni di MDSC. In particolare, abbiamo esaminato il ruolo di alcuni miRNA, differenzialmente espressi in vivo tra cellule mielodi non soppressive e cellule MDSC di topi portatori di tumori istologicamente differenti, sul differenziamento e la funzione delle varie frazioni cellulari di MDSC inducibili in vitro. I miRNA in esame sono in grado di inibire la formazione della frazione monocito/macrofagica soppressiva e di alterare la proliferazione delle colture midollari. Da recenti evidenze ottenute, questi miRNA sembrano inoltre regolare alcuni geni coinvolti nel differenziamento mieloide e nel mantenimento dell’omeostasi ematopoietica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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