847 research outputs found
Boundary layer flow control using the method of spanwise mean velocity gradient
No full textOver the last decade wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations have shown that steady spanwise mean velocity gradients are able to attenuate the growth of different types of boundary layer disturbances if introduced in a controlled way. In this paper different techniques to setup the spanwise mean velocity variations are reviewed and their stabilizing effect leading to transition delay are quantified. This control strategy has potential to lead to an unforeseen positive impact on the broad spectrum of industrial applications where reducing drag is a daily challenge
Prosecutor v Hans Åkerberg Fransson (Case C-617/10), ECLI:EU:C:2013:105, [2013] 2 CMLR 46, 26 February 2013
No full textEssential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Prosecutor v Hans Åkerberg Fransson (Case C-617/10), ECLI:EU:C:2013:105, [2013] 2 CMLR 46, 26 February 2013. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.</p
Transition and wavy walls: an experimental study: An experimental study
No full textA wide body of research exists which explores the effects of surface roughness or patterned wall shapes on instability growth and transition. Building on those works as well as recent experiments demonstrating passive laminar flow control using arrays of discrete roughness [3, 8], a set of spanwise-wavy walls is designed with the goal of suppressing instability growth in two-dimensional boundary layers. In a numerical investigation of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave growth in the presence of streamwise boundary-layer streaks, Cossu and Brandt [1] found that stabilization of TS waves results from spanwise shear in the mean flow, which forms a negative contribution to production in the perturbation kinetic energy equation. Whereas previous efforts have employed streamwise vorticity developing in roughness wakes to provide the requisite mean-flow deformation, in this work stabilization is achieved through modulation of the no-slip surface. Miniature vortex generators (MVGs) have proven an effective means of producing streamwise streaks for transition delay [8], though relatively large streak amplitudes are necessary to counter their eventual decay through viscous dissipation. The notion motivating this work is that spanwise-wavy walls extended in the streamwise direction can produce a similar effect while avoiding bypass transition resulting from large-amplitude streamwise streaks. Toward that end, six wavy walls are used in a modular test model. When TS waves are excited upstream of the wavy walls, substantial delays in the onset of transition are observed for certain spanwise wavelengths compared with the flat-plate reference case
Fatigue in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy: A prospective 5-year long-term patient-reported evaluation
No full textBackground: Limited information is available regarding the long-term
effect of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on fatigue in individuals
with prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: Men with PC treated
with EBRT from January 1992 to June 2003 were enrolled in a prospective
study. The QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to evaluate pre-treatment
fatigue and up to 5 years post-treatment. Results: 407 men with 5-year
assessments were analyzed. Fatigue increased between pre-treatment
(mean: 15.5; CI: 13.6-17.4) and 5-years post-treatment (mean: 22.8; CI:
20.5-25.1; P<0.001). Pre-treatment fatigue was absent in 206/407
(59%) patients and 5-year post-treatment was reported by 264/407 (66%).
Sixteen of 407 patients (4%) reported severe fatigue after 5 years.
Physical-, emotional-, cognitive function, and dyspnea were the factors
that correlated most to higher level of fatigue 5-year post-treatment.
Conclusions: Fatigue is a common symptom among patients with PC. A
large percentage of patients reported pre-treatment fatigue. Fatigue
increased over time, with the highest level seen at the end of EBRT.
Severe fatigue was reported by 4% 5-year post-treatment. More work is
needed in order to identify which patients are most susceptible to
developing fatigue especially during radiotherapy
sj-docx-1-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 - Supplemental material for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke by Helena Mellander, Pär Bengtsson, Veronica Fransson, Birgitta Ramgren, Per Undrén, Mattias Drake, Kristina Ydström, Jimmy Lätt, Amir Hilal, Johan Wassélius and Teresa Ullberg in Acta Radiologica</p
sj-xls-3-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 - Supplemental material for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke
No full textSupplemental material, sj-xls-3-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke by Helena Mellander, Pär Bengtsson, Veronica Fransson, Birgitta Ramgren, Per Undrén, Mattias Drake, Kristina Ydström, Jimmy Lätt, Amir Hilal, Johan Wassélius and Teresa Ullberg in Acta Radiologica</p
sj-docx-4-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 - Supplemental material for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-4-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke by Helena Mellander, Pär Bengtsson, Veronica Fransson, Birgitta Ramgren, Per Undrén, Mattias Drake, Kristina Ydström, Jimmy Lätt, Amir Hilal, Johan Wassélius and Teresa Ullberg in Acta Radiologica</p
sj-docx-2-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 - Supplemental material for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke
No full textSupplemental material, sj-xls-2-acr-10.1177_02841851221130612 for Virtual monoenergetic images by spectral detector computed tomography may improve image quality and diagnostic ability for ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke by Helena Mellander, Pär Bengtsson, Veronica Fransson, Birgitta Ramgren, Per Undrén, Mattias Drake, Kristina Ydström, Jimmy Lätt, Amir Hilal, Johan Wassélius and Teresa Ullberg in Acta Radiologica</p
Patient-reported lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, and quality of life after external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer – 15 years’ follow-up. A comparison with age-matched controls
No full textBACKGROUND: To prospectively examine the urinary toxicity and quality of life (QOL) in patients 15 years after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized prostate cancer (LPC) and compare the outcomes with results for age-matched controls.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Urinary symptoms were assessed using the symptom-specific Prostate Cancer Symptom Scale (PCSS) questionnaire, and QOL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Both questionnaires were sent to the surviving 41 patients(25%) and the PCSS questionnaire was sent to 69 age-matched controls for comparison.RESULTS: The response rate was 71% in the patient group and 59% in the control group. Two patients and four controls were excluded due to other cancer diagnoses, resulting in a total of 27 patients and 37 controls for inclusion in the analyses. The mean age in both groups was 78 years. In the patient group, incontinence had increased between the 8-year (mean 0.6) and the 15-year follow-up (mean 2.1; p0.038). No other differences in urinary problems were seen between these two follow-ups. Increased incontinence, stress incontinence, and pain while urinating were reported by the patients in comparison with the controls at 15 years. Role function was worse in the patient group (mean 67.3) compared with the controls (mean 82.4; p0.046). The patients also reported more appetite loss, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and pain than the controls.CONCLUSION: EBRT for LPC has divergent effects on urinary symptoms and QOL in comparison with age-matched controls. In our patient population, urinary incontinence increased between 8 and 15 years of follow-up. Otherwise, no differences in urinary symptoms were seen between 4 and 15 years. Incontinence, stress incontinence, and pain while urinating were increased after EBRT in comparison with the controls. Conventional EBRT did not result in a major deterioration in QOL 15 years after treatment.</p
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