1,721,037 research outputs found
Toddlers’ Processing of Phonological Alternations: Early Compensation for Assimilation in English and French
Full text linkAbstract
Using a picture pointing task, this study examines toddlers’ processing of phonological alternations that trigger sound changes in connected speech. Three experiments investigate whether 2;5- to 3-year-old children take into account assimilations—processes by which phonological features of one sound spread to adjacent sounds—for the purpose of word recognition (e.g., in English, ten pounds can be produced as te[mp]ounds). English toddlers (n = 18) show sensitivity to native place assimilations during lexical access in Experiment 1. Likewise, French toddlers (n = 27) compensate for French voicing assimilations in Experiment 2. However, French toddlers (n = 27) do not take into account a hypothetical non-native place assimilation rule in Experiment 3, suggesting that compensation for assimilation is already language specific.</jats:p
Early Word Recognition in Sentence Context: French and English 24-Month-Olds' Sensitivity to Sentence-Medial Mispronunciations and Assimilations
Full text linkRecent work has shown that young children can use fine phonetic detail during the recognition of isolated and sentence‐final words from early in lexical development. The present study investigates 24‐month‐olds' word recognition in sentence‐medial position in two experiments using an Intermodal Preferential Looking paradigm. In Experiment 1, French toddlers detect word‐final voicing mispronunciations (e.g., buz [byz] for bus [bys] “bus”), and they compensate for native voicing assimilations (e.g., buz devant toi [buzdəvɑ̃twa] “bus in front of you”) in the middle of sentences. Similarly, English toddlers detect word‐final voicing mispronunciations (e.g., sheeb for sheep) in Experiment 2, but they do not compensate for illicit voicing assimilations (e.g., sheeb there). Thus, French and English 24‐month‐olds can take into account fine phonetic detail even if words are presented in the middle of sentences, and French toddlers show language‐specific compensation abilities for pronunciation variation caused by native voicing assimilation.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mécanismes neuraux du traitement phonologique
No full textAfin de comprendre la parole, les auditeurs ont besoin de transformer les signaux sensoriels en sens abstraits. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les processus perceptifs liés au système des sons du langage - le traitement phonologique, et examiné les mécanismes neurobiologiques sous-jacents.Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons examiné l'organisation temporelle du traitement phonologique dans le cerveau humain. En utilisant des enregistrements électroencéphalographiques (EEG), nous avons étudié le décours temporel pour le traitement perceptif de règles phonologiques spécifiques à la langue maternelle des auditeurs. Les résultats montre que les connaissances des auditeurs sur les règles phonologiques complexes de leur langue maternelle sont mise en oeuvre à un stade précoce de la perception de son de la parole.Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'organisation spatiale du traitement phonologique dans le cortex humain. Nous avons effectué deux études pour étudier le rôle de l'interaction sensorimotrice dans le décodage phonologique à la fois pendant la perception de la parole et la lecture. Les résultats de la première étude démontrent que le système moteur est impliqué dans la catégorisation perceptive des sons de la parole non-natifs, tantdis que ceux de la deuxième étude montrent que la réparation perceptive des séquences de lettres illégale dans la langue maternelle des auditeurs est dépendante de la disponibilité du système moteur chez les participants.L'ensemble de cette thèse fournit de nouvelles perspectives sur les aspects temporels et spatiaux de mécanismes neuronaux qui sous-tendent le traitement phonologique.In order to understand spoken language, listeners need to transform sensory signals into abstract meanings. In this thesis, we focused on perceptual processes that deal with the sound system of spoken language – phonological processing, and examined its neurobiological underpinnings. In the first part of the thesis, we investigated the temporal organization of phonological processing in the human brain. Using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, we studied the time course for perceptual processing of language-specific phonological rules. Findings of this study demonstrate that listeners’ knowledge of complex phonological rules of their native language is assessed at an early stage of speech sound perception. In the second part of the thesis, we investigated the spatial organization of phonological processing in the human cortex. In particular, we conducted two studies to investigate the role of sensorimotor interaction in phonological decoding during both speech perception and reading. Results from the first study showed that the motor system is involved in the perceptual categorization of non-native speech sounds, while those from the second study demonstrated that perceptual repair of phonotactically illegal letter sequences in reader’s native language is dependent to the availability of the their motor system. Together, findings from this thesis provide new insights into temporal and spatial aspects of neural mechanisms that underlie phonological processing
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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