1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Determinanten musikalischer Freizeitaktivitäten im Grundschulalter
Get PDFThe groundwork for musical education is often laid in childhood (Gembris, 2013). Many children start playing a musical instrument or singing in a choir at primary school age, sometimes after having undergone early musical education. Predominantly, musical activities are performed in leisure time, accordingly they are mostly embedded in non-formal contexts such as music schools or they take place in music clubs as well as in informal self-organized settings (Grgic & Züchner, 2013; Verband deutscher Musikschulen, 2017; Zerle, 2008). In this context, girls are more active than boys (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2015). Although many individual findings on various factors influencing musical activities are available, there is still a need for research, especially regarding the primary school age as well as with regard to the development of adequate research instruments (Corrigall & Schellenberg, 2015; Grgic & Züchner, 2013). Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to systematically develop scales on determinants of musical leisure activities in a concise overall model and to investigate gender-specific relevance of these determinants. Musical activities are thereby considered as a facet of cultural education (cf. Kröner, 2013). Determinants considered include domain-specific behavioral, normative, and control beliefs as well as cross-domain variables on the person side and on the environmental side. In a first study with N = 193 elementary school children (age: M = 9.81, SD = 0.96), scales on five key domain-specific determinants of musical activities were developed and piloted based on the literature. Statistically significant bivariate correlations of all domain-specific determinants with musical activities emerged. In the structural equation model, independent effects of musical self-concept, descriptive subjective norm related to parents, and the affective attitude aspect on musical activities could be identified, but not for descriptive subjective norm related to friends and for injunctive subjective norm. Thus, 70% variance in musical activities could be explained.
After the underlying model had proven itself in principle, scales on further potential determinants were added with the instrumental attitude aspect and controllability. Furthermore, the scales on the three groups of persons mother, father, and friends were differentiated within the subjective descriptive and injunctive norm and tested in a second study on a larger sample (N = 685 fourth graders; of which n = 343 girls, n = 342 boys; M = 9.88 years, SD = 0.52). All 10 determinants correlated substantially with musical activities as well as with each other and measured each underlying construct with adequate accuracy (congeneric reliability: .64 ≤ ρC ≤ .89). The measurement model developed showed strict invariance for gender. Girls were more musically active than boys. In the structural equation model (MLR estimators; χ² = 1130 [715] p < .001, SRMR = .042, RMSEA = .029 [90% = .026, .032], CFI = .966, TLI = .961), these gender effects were completely mediated by the determinants, with direct effects of controllability (β = . 47 [.12]), musical self-concept (β = .37 [.08]), instrumental attitude aspect (β = -.26 [.06]), and mother's perceived musical activities (β = .16 [.06]) on children's musical activities could be found (R² = .76). Girls accordingly also had higher mean scores in 9 of 10 determinants. If direct effects of musical self-concept, instrumental attitude aspect, and mother's perceived musical activities were evident for boys, controllability and also musical self-concept contributed to direct explanations of musical activities for girls. However, these differences were not statistically significant, a result possibly due to the small sample size considering such multi-group comparisons. However, since statistically significant mean differences were found in these determinants, it would be worthwhile in follow-up studies with greater statistical power to look more closely at the implied gender effects in the structural model. The fact that there were no substantial variations between schools or classes in the determinants as well as in the activities suggests a low importance of school for leisure-time musical activities. In contrast, parents play an even greater role as providers of opportunities for musical development. This manifests itself in effects of the music-related resources and opportunity structures perceived by the children and through effects of the mother's musical behaviors. At least as relevant, however, is the children's self-assessed competence in performing musical activities. The scales presented in this paper can be used as a starting point for future field experiments on the effects of music education interventions.Die Grundlagen musikalischer Bildung werden häufig in der Kindheit geschaffen (Gembris, 2013). Viele Kinder beginnen, teilweise bereits nach dem Durchlaufen einer musikalischen Früherziehung, im Grundschulalter mit dem Spielen eines Musikinstruments oder dem Singen in einem Chor. Vorwiegend werden musikalische Aktivitäten in der Freizeit ausgeübt, dementsprechend sind sie meist eingebettet in non-formale Kontexte wie Musikschulen oder sie finden im Musikverein sowie im informell selbstorganisierten Rahmen statt (Grgic & Züchner, 2013; Verband deutscher Musikschulen, 2017; Zerle, 2008). Dabei sind Mädchen aktiver als Jungen (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2015). Obwohl viele Einzelbefunde zu verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren auf musikalische Aktivitäten vorliegen, besteht nach wie vor Forschungsbedarf, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Grundschulalter sowie hinsichtlich der Entwicklung geeigneter Forschungsinstrumente (Corrigall & Schellenberg, 2015; Grgic & Züchner, 2013). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die systematische Entwicklung von Skalen zu Determinanten musikalischer Freizeitaktivitäten in einem überschaubaren Gesamtmodell und die Untersuchung geschlechtsspezifischer Relevanz dieser Determinanten. Musikalische Aktivitäten werden dabei als Facette der kulturellen Bildung betrachtet (vgl. Kröner, 2013). Als Determinanten werden sowohl bereichsspezifische verhaltensbezogene, normative und kontrollbezogene Überzeugungen als auch bereichsübergreifende Variablen auf Personenseite sowie auf Umweltseite berücksichtigt. In einer ersten Studie mit N = 193 Grundschulkindern (Alter: M = 9.81, SD = 0.96) wurden ausgehend von der Literatur Skalen zu fünf zentralen bereichsspezifischen Determinanten musikalischer Aktivitäten entwickelt und pilotiert. Es zeigten sich statistisch signifikante bivariate Korrelationen aller bereichsspezifischen Determinanten mit den musikalischen Aktivitäten. Im Strukturgleichungsmodell ließen sich eigenständige Effekte des musikalischen Selbstkonzepts, der deskriptiv subjektiven Norm bezogen auf die Eltern und des affektiven Einstellungsaspekts auf die musikalischen Aktivitäten ausmachen, nicht jedoch für die deskriptive subjektive Norm in Bezug auf die Freunde sowie für die injunktive subjektive Norm. So konnten 70 % Varianz in den musikalischen Aktivitäten aufgeklärt werden.
Nachdem sich das zugrunde liegende Modell grundsätzlich bewährt hat, wurden mit dem instrumentellen Einstellungsaspekt und der Kontrollierbarkeit Skalen zu weiteren potentiellen Determinanten hinzugenommen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Skalen zu den drei Personengruppen Mutter, Vater und Freunde innerhalb der subjektiven deskriptiven und injunktiven Norm ausdifferenziert und in einer zweiten Studie an einer größeren Stichprobe überprüft (N = 685 Viertklässler; davon n = 343 Mädchen, n = 342 Jungen; M = 9.88 Jahren, SD = 0.52). Alle 10 Determinanten korrelierten substantiell mit den musikalischen Aktivitäten sowie untereinander und maßen die jeweils zugrunde liegenden Konstrukte ausreichend genau (kongenerische Reliabilität: .64 ≤ ρC ≤ .89). Das entwickelte Messmodell wies strikte geschlechtsspezifische Invarianz auf. Die Mädchen waren musikalisch aktiver als die Jungen. Im Strukturgleichungsmodell (MLR-Schätzer; χ2 = 1130 [715] p < .001, SRMR = .042, RMSEA = .029 [90 % = .026, .032], CFI = .966, TLI = .961) wurden diese Geschlechtseffekte komplett über die Determinanten vermittelt, wobei direkte Effekte der Kontrollierbarkeit (β = .47 [.12]), des musikalischen Selbstkonzepts (β = .37 [.08]), des instrumentellen Einstellungsaspekts (β = -.26 [.06]) und der wahrgenommenen musikalischen Aktivitäten der Mutter (β = .16 [.06]) auf die musikalischen Aktivitäten der Kinder auszumachen waren (R² = .76). Mädchen wiesen dementsprechend auch höhere Mittelwerte in 9 von 10 Determinanten auf. Zeigten sich für die Jungen direkte Effekte des musikalischen Selbstkonzepts, des instrumentellen Einstellungsaspekts und der wahrgenommenen musikalischen Aktivitäten der Mutter, so trugen bei den Mädchen die Kontrollierbarkeit und ebenfalls das musikalische Selbstkonzept zur direkten Erklärung musikalischer Aktivitäten bei. Diese Unterschiede waren jedoch statistisch nicht signifikant, was womöglich auf die in Anbetracht solcher Mehrgruppenvergleiche geringen Stichprobengröße zurückzuführen ist. Da sich aber statistisch signifikante Mittelwertsunterschiede in diesen Determinanten zeigten, wäre es lohnenswert, in Folgestudien mit größerer statistischer Power die sich andeutenden Geschlechtseffekte im Strukturmodell genauer in den Blick zu nehmen. Dass keine substanziellen Variationen zwischen den Schulen oder Klassen in den Determinanten sowie in den Aktivitäten vorlagen, lässt auf eine geringe Bedeutung der Schule für freizeitliche musikalische Aktivitäten schließen. Demgegenüber spielen die Eltern als Arrangeure musikalischer Entwicklungsgelegenheiten eine umso größere Rolle. Dies äußert sich in Effekten der von den Kindern wahrgenommenen, zur Verfügung stehenden musikbezogenen Ressourcen und Gelegenheitsstrukturen und durch Effekte der musikalischen Verhaltensweisen der Mutter. Mindestens genauso relevant ist allerdings die selbsteingeschätzte Kompetenz der Kinder zur Ausübung musikalischer Aktivitäten. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellten Skalen können als Ausgangspunkt für künftige Feldexperimente zur Wirkung musik-pädagogischer Interventionen genutzt werden
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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