1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Photo-enforced stratification of liquid crystal / monomer mixtures : principle, theory and analysis of a paintable LCD concept
Get PDFTo keep pace with customer demand for cost-effective flat panel displays, liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing technologies are required that enable the processing of larger substrates with increased production speeds. In cell-technology, currently used in all LCD factories, cells are formed by coupling two substrates, which are subsequently filled with liquid crystal (LC). However, this is a timeconsuming process that limits the shape- and substrate choice. New display designs require displays that are curved, optionally flexible, and non-rectangular in shape. This thesis describes the exploration of a new phase separation process that enables the production of Paintable LCDs. Unlike cell-technology, Paintable LCDs are produced on a single-substrate by the sequential coating and curing of multiple organic layers on top of each other. The electro-optical LC layer is confined between the substrate and a polymer sheet with the important feature that the latter is formed during processing. This in-situ polymer sheet formation is the result of a spatially-controlled photopolymerization-induced phase separation process. In this process, a film consisting of a mixture of LC and monomers is irradiated with UV light. Due to a photopolymerization rate gradient in the film and a concomittant selective phase separation of LC material at the bottom of the film, the film is transformed into a stratified morphology: a polymer film on top of an LC layer. This concept is referred to as photo-enforced stratification (PES). Interdigitated electrodes previously applied on the substrate switch the LC layer. The use of coating processes makes the Paintable LCD technology well suited for application in free form factor displays potentially produced via high-speed roll-toroll manufacturing processes. In PES two main physical processes are involved: photopolymerizationinduced diffusion and polymerization-induced phase separation. As a result of transversal diffusion of LC and monomers through the film, induced by a vertical gradient in the polymerization rate, the phase separation process is located at the bottom of the film. The phase separation at the bottom of the film leads to the formation of large LC domains randomly distributed over the substrate area, covered by a polymeric topcoat. Characterizations with polarization microscopy and surface profile measurements show that when the stratification step is preceded by a mask exposure step, morphologies are formed that can be described as regular arrays of neighboring LC-filled polymer capsules. Confocal Raman microscopy measurements on these LC-filled polymer capsules reveal that part of the LC stays isotropically dissolved in the polymer phase. Moreover, it was found that under the current process conditions microscopic LC droplets are formed, which are dispersed in the polymer near the polymer-LC interface, comparable to the morphology of PDLC displays (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays). A numerical PES model has been developed based on free radical polymerization rate equations, diffusion equations and the thermodynamics of phase separation. The PES model is a combination of two distinct components: The first component is a reaction-diffusion model that calculates the evolution of the concentration of the liquid crystal (LC), monomer and polymer as a function of depth in the film and time. The second component is a thermodynamic model that describes polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). In the model, the contribution of the entropic and enthalpic mixing (Flory-Huggins theory of mixing), elasticity of the polymer network (Flory-Rehner theory) and nematic ordering (Maier-Saupe theory) to the Gibbs free energy are included. The overall PES model is a one-dimensional model, which calculates the location and the time (conversion) at which the phase separation sets in. Moreover, it helps the prediction of trends in the morphologies that will be formed. In order to compare the model outcomes with the experimental results, the model input parameters have been determined, either by calculations or by experiments on the appropriate LC/monomers systems. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameters between the various components were estimated via the calculated solubility parameters of the components (via a group contribution theory). With the aid of photo-DSC the photopolymerization kinetics was investigated and the diffusion constants the LC and monomer species were measured with the aid of NMR spectroscopy as a function of the conversion. Both components of the PES model, the reaction-diffusion model and the phase separation model, were independently compared to experiments. With confocal Raman microscopy, the concentration profile of the LC compound was monitored insitu, during the UV irradiation. The measured changes in the LC concentration profile were found to be similar to the changes calculated by the reaction-diffusion model. Photo-DSC has been combined with in-situ optical microscopy to determine the phase diagram of the investigated LC/monomer/polymer system. The measurements showed that for the investigated system the elastic contribution of the polymer network could be neglected. The theoretical phase diagram, in which the phase separation lines were calculated by taking the mixing contributions and the contribution of nematic ordering of the LC phase into account, are in agreement with the experimental phase diagram. Subsequently, the stratification behavior as a function of the LC fraction in the initial reaction mixture was investigated experimentally. The earlier onset of phase separation as well as an increased formation of PDLC-morphology in the polymer layer at higher initial LC fraction both agree with trends calculated with the PES model. The PES model and the diffusion-, phase separation- and stratification experiments have led to a better understanding of the PES process in which the position of the onset of phase separation in the layer is controlled by polymerizationinduced diffusion. Besides a better understanding of the physical processes involved in the PES process this research has led to a simplified and improved stratification process in which the arrays of LC-filled polymer capsules are obtained via a single UV exposure step. For this purpose the alignment layer on the bottom substrate is first patterned with an adhesion promoter using offset printing. During the stratification process the polymer top layer locally forms covalent bonds with the adhesion promoter patterns. Besides a simpler manufacturing process, this results in mechanically stable morphologies, which enable the production of flexible, plastic LCDs with a free form factor
- …
