1,721,009 research outputs found
A worldwide perspective on large carnivore attacks on humans
Full text linkVP was financially supported by the
Project PID2020-114181GB-I00 financed by the
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the
Agencia Estatal de Investigacioón (AEI), and the
Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER,
EU).Bombieri G., Penteriani V., Almasieh K., Ambarlı H., Ashrafzadeh M.R., Das C.S., Dharaiya N., Hoogesteijn R., Hoogesteijn A., Ikanda D., Jędrzejewski W., Kaboli M., Kirilyuk A., Jangid A.K., Sharma R.K., Kushnir H., Lamichhane B.R., Mohammadi A., Monroy-Vilchis O., Mukeka J.M., Nikolaev I., Ohrens O., Packer C., Pedrini P., Ratnayeke S., Seryodkin I., Sharp T., Palei H.S., Smith T., Subedi A., Tortato F., Yamazaki K., del Mar Delgado M
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Humans as prey: Coping with large carnivore attacks using a predator-prey interaction perspective
No full textThe number of attacks on humans by large carnivores in North America is increasing.A better understanding of the factors triggering such attacks is critical to mitigating the risk offuture encounters in landscapes where humans and large carnivores coexist. Since 1955, ofthe 632 attacks on humans by large carnivores, 106 (17%) involved predation. We draw onconcepts and empirical evidence from the Predator–Prey Interaction Theory to provide insightsinto how to reduce predatory attacks and, thus, improve human–large carnivore coexistence.Because large carnivore-caused mortality risks for humans are comparable to those shown byother mammal species in response to predation risk, framing predatory attacks under a theoryunderpinning predator–prey interactions may represent a powerful tool for minimizing largecarnivore attacks. Most large carnivores have marked crepuscular and nocturnal activity; byminimizing outdoor activities in high-risk areas from sunset to sunrise, humans could reducethe number of predatory attacks. The most effective way in which prey avoid predation, butstill utilize risky areas, is by adopting temporal changes in activity patterns. The human agegroups most often targeted by large carnivores are essentially the same as when predators ingeneral search for prey, namely the youngest individuals. Thus, increased parental vigilanceand education for children may be a key factor to reduce predatory attacks. Lastly, becausegroup size can affect predator–prey encounter rates and outcomes in different ways, largegroups of people can decrease predation rates. Many humans may no longer considerpredation by large carnivores to be a logical or plausible consequence of our predator-naïvebehavior because humans now only occasionally represent prey for such species. However,the solution to the conflicts represented by large carnivore attacks on humans requires theimplementation of correct strategies to face these rare event
Patterns of wild carnivore attacks on humans in urban areas
No full textAttacks by wild carnivores on humans represent an increasing problem in urban areas across North America and their frequency is expected to rise following urban expansion towards carnivore habitats. Here, we analyzed records of carnivore attacks on humans in urban areas of the U.S. and Canada between 1980 and 2016 to analyze the general patterns of the attacks, as well as describe the landscape structure and, for those attacks occurring at night, the light conditions at the site of the attacks. We found that several behavioral and landscape-related factors were recurrent elements in the attacks recorded. The species for which the attack locations were available (coyote and black bear) attacked in areas with different conditions of landscape structure and artificial light. Specifically, black bears attacked more frequently in areas with abundant and aggregated vegetation cover and scarce buildings and roads, while coyotes attacked in a broader range of landscape conditions. At night, black bears attacked in generally darker areas than coyotes. By providing a comprehensive perspective of the phenomenon, this study will improve our understanding of how effective strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of risky encounters in urban areas should be developed
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