1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Investigation of pulmonary gene expression at the single cell level in (pneumococcal) pneumonia
Full text linkHintergrund: Die Lunge ist ein mikroanatomisch komplexes Organ, in dem über 40 verschiedene Zellpopulationen zu dem Erhalt der physiologischen Organfunktion bei-tragen. Während einer akuten bakteriellen Infektion wie der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie (engl.: community acquired pneumonia, CAP) migrieren weitere Leukozytenpopulationen in die Lunge. Die bakterielle CAP stellt sowohl in Europa als auch weltweit eine häufige und potenziell letale Erkrankung dar, was ein besseres Verständnis der Pathophysiologie mit allen beteiligten Zelltypen erstrebenswert macht.
In dieser Arbeit sollte ein Protokoll etabliert und validiert werden, das Einzelzell-Transkriptomanalysen im infektiologischen Kontext ermöglicht, sowie erhaltene Datensätze exploratorisch analysiert werden.
Methodik: Drei Zellisolationsprotokolle wurden evaluiert, um Einzelzell-Suspensionen mit hoher Viabilität und Singularität aus murinem Lungengewebe von mit Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyp 2 (S. pn), der Pneumolysin-defizienten Pneumokokken-Mutante (S. pn Δply) oder mit Lösungsmittel (Kontrollgruppe) infizierten Versuchstieren zu isolieren. Nachfolgend wurde eine magnetische Zell-Aufreinigung durchgeführt, Genexpressionsbibliotheken erstellt und diese sequenziert. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte durch Software des Herstellers sowie R und entsprechende Pakete.
Ergebnisse: Das erhaltene Transkriptom von 10.933 Zellen konnte Leukozyten, Epithelzellen, Endothelzellen und mesenchymalen Zellen zugeordnet werden, eine übermäßige Expression an Stressgenen wurde vermieden. Fibroblasten zeigten eine starke Reaktion durch die Regulation der Gene Lcn2 und Gsn nach Infektion mit S. pn. Makrophagen exprimierten nach Infektion, in Abhängigkeit vom Virulenzfaktor Pneumolysin, ein Muster an Genen des Interferon-Signalwegs. Granulozyten zeigten insbesondere eine Cxcl2 Hochregulierung sowie eine verminderte Expression von Ccl3, Cxcl3 und Il1rn durch Pneumolysin. Schließlich war die Anzahl an Zell-Interaktionen verschiedener Zelltypen durch inflammatorische Geschehnisse reduziert.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Möglichkeit, unterschiedliche Zellpopulationen auf Einzelzell-ebene zu untersuchen, erweitert insbesondere in der Lunge als heterogenem Organ das Verständnis von pathophysiologischen Geschehnissen. Wenn die Ergebnisse mit anderen Methoden vergleichbarer Auflösung wie der Proteomik, Sekretom-Analysen oder Spatial transcriptomics validiert werden, kann dies den Weg zu neuen Therapieansätzen ebnen.Background: The lung is a micro-anatomically complex organ harboring more than 40 different cell populations essential for maintaining physiological organ function. During an acute bacterial infection, such as community acquired pneumonia (CAP), leukocyte populations migrate to the lung further expanding the cellular landscape. Bacterial CAP is a common and potentially lethal disease both in Europe and worldwide, and therefore a better understanding of the pathophysiology and cell types involved is crucial. The aim of this study was to establish and validate a protocol that is applicable for single-cell transcriptome analysis in infectious disease research and to perform exploratory analysis on the generated data sets.
Methods: Three cell isolation protocols were evaluated to ensure technical and qualitative requirements of isolating single cell suspensions with high viability and singularity using murine lung tissue. Mice were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2 (S. pn), the pneumolysin-deficient pneumococcal mutant (S. pn Δply) or solvent (control group), followed by magnetic cell sorting, gene expression library construction and sequencing. Data analysis was performed using the manufacturer’s software and R, including add-on packages for single-cell analysis.
Results: The resulting transcriptome of 10,933 cells could be assigned to leukocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells while excessive expression of stress genes was avoided. Fibroblasts showed a strong response to infection with S. pn through regulation of the genes Lcn2 and Gsn. Macrophages expressed a pattern of interferon pathway genes after infection, dependent on the presence of the virulence factor pneumolysin. Granulocytes exhibited upregulation of Cxcl2 and downregulation of Ccl3, Cxcl3 and Il1rn by pneumolysin. Finally, the number of cell-cell interactions of different origin was reduced by inflammatory events.
Conclusion: The possibility of studying different cell populations at a single-cell level may contribute to a better understanding of pulmonary pathophysiological events, especially considering the very heterogeneous nature of the lungs. Thus, single-cell RNA-sequencing could pave the way to new therapeutic approaches, particularly if results are validated with other methods of comparable resolution such as proteomics, secretomics or spatial transcriptomics
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
