1,720,961 research outputs found
Mitochondrial biogenesis and redox state : muscular adaptations to moderate and highintensity training in fish and murine models
No full textL’activité physique régulière est reconnue pour ses effets bénéfiques sur la santé, médiés, en partie par la stimulation de la biogénèse mitochondriale et des capacités antioxydantes du muscle squelettique. Cependant, certains mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans ces adaptations restent encore à élucider. A partir de deux modèles animaux (truite arc-en-ciel et rat Wistar), les effets de deux entrainements physiques d’intensité modérée (MICT, Moderateintensity continuous training) et élevée (HIIT, High-intensity interval training) ont été comparés. Les réponses transcriptionnelles et protéiques impliquées dans les processus aérobies ont été évaluées dans le muscle squelettique. Quel que soit le modèle, deux types de muscles de typologie différente ont été étudiés. L’un compose majoritairement de fibres lentes oxydatives et l’autre de fibres rapides glycolytiques. Nos résultats montrent que le HIIT a eu plus d’impact que le MICT sur la voie de signalisation AMPK–PGC-1α ainsi que sur la biogénèse mitochondriale et les systèmes antioxydants. Ces modifications sont plus importantes dans les fibres oxydatives que dans les fibres glycolytiques. Les réponses interspécifiques fibres-dépendantes (globalement similaires chez les deux modèles) confortent l’utilisation du poisson dans ce champ d’investigation. Enfin, les résultats obtenus chez le rat sain ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes pour la prévention primaire des maladies métaboliques.Regular physical activity is recognized for its benefic effects on health, mediated, in part, by the mitochondrial biogenesis and the oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle. However, some cellular mechanisms involved in these adaptations are not still elucidated. From two animal models (rainbow trout and Wistar rat), the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were compared. Transcript and protein responses involved in aerobic processes were evaluated in skeletal muscle. Whatever the model, two muscles of different typology were studied. One mainly composed of slow-oxidative fibers and another of fast-glycolytic fibers. Our results showed that HIIT had more impact than MICT on AMPK–PGC-1α signaling pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant systems. These modifications were more important in oxidative fibers than in glycolytic ones. The interspecific fiber-dependent responses (globally similar for the two models) encourage the use of the fish in this investigation scope. Finally, the results obtained in healthy rat offer interesting perspectives for primary prevention in metabolic diseases
Biogenèse mitochondriale et état redox : adaptations musculaires à l’entraînement physique d’intensité modérée et élevée chez des modèles poisson et murin
No full textRegular physical activity is recognized for its benefic effects on health, mediated, in part, by the mitochondrial biogenesis and the oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle. However, some cellular mechanisms involved in these adaptations are not still elucidated. From two animal models (rainbow trout and Wistar rat), the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were compared. Transcript and protein responses involved in aerobic processes were evaluated in skeletal muscle. Whatever the model, two muscles of different typology were studied. One mainly composed of slow-oxidative fibers and another of fast-glycolytic fibers. Our results showed that HIIT had more impact than MICT on AMPK–PGC-1α signaling pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant systems. These modifications were more important in oxidative fibers than in glycolytic ones. The interspecific fiber-dependent responses (globally similar for the two models) encourage the use of the fish in this investigation scope. Finally, the results obtained in healthy rat offer interesting perspectives for primary prevention in metabolic diseases.L’activité physique régulière est reconnue pour ses effets bénéfiques sur la santé, médiés, en partie par la stimulation de la biogénèse mitochondriale et des capacités antioxydantes du muscle squelettique. Cependant, certains mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans ces adaptations restent encore à élucider. A partir de deux modèles animaux (truite arc-en-ciel et rat Wistar), les effets de deux entrainements physiques d’intensité modérée (MICT, Moderateintensity continuous training) et élevée (HIIT, High-intensity interval training) ont été comparés. Les réponses transcriptionnelles et protéiques impliquées dans les processus aérobies ont été évaluées dans le muscle squelettique. Quel que soit le modèle, deux types de muscles de typologie différente ont été étudiés. L’un compose majoritairement de fibres lentes oxydatives et l’autre de fibres rapides glycolytiques. Nos résultats montrent que le HIIT a eu plus d’impact que le MICT sur la voie de signalisation AMPK–PGC-1α ainsi que sur la biogénèse mitochondriale et les systèmes antioxydants. Ces modifications sont plus importantes dans les fibres oxydatives que dans les fibres glycolytiques. Les réponses interspécifiques fibres-dépendantes (globalement similaires chez les deux modèles) confortent l’utilisation du poisson dans ce champ d’investigation. Enfin, les résultats obtenus chez le rat sain ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes pour la prévention primaire des maladies métaboliques
Biogenèse mitochondriale et état redox : adaptations musculaires à l’entraînement physique d’intensité modérée et élevée chez des modèles poisson et murin
No full textRegular physical activity is recognized for its benefic effects on health, mediated, in part, by the mitochondrial biogenesis and the oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle. However, some cellular mechanisms involved in these adaptations are not still elucidated. From two animal models (rainbow trout and Wistar rat), the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were compared. Transcript and protein responses involved in aerobic processes were evaluated in skeletal muscle. Whatever the model, two muscles of different typology were studied. One mainly composed of slow-oxidative fibers and another of fast-glycolytic fibers. Our results showed that HIIT had more impact than MICT on AMPK–PGC-1α signaling pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant systems. These modifications were more important in oxidative fibers than in glycolytic ones. The interspecific fiber-dependent responses (globally similar for the two models) encourage the use of the fish in this investigation scope. Finally, the results obtained in healthy rat offer interesting perspectives for primary prevention in metabolic diseases.L’activité physique régulière est reconnue pour ses effets bénéfiques sur la santé, médiés, en partie par la stimulation de la biogénèse mitochondriale et des capacités antioxydantes du muscle squelettique. Cependant, certains mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans ces adaptations restent encore à élucider. A partir de deux modèles animaux (truite arc-en-ciel et rat Wistar), les effets de deux entrainements physiques d’intensité modérée (MICT, Moderateintensity continuous training) et élevée (HIIT, High-intensity interval training) ont été comparés. Les réponses transcriptionnelles et protéiques impliquées dans les processus aérobies ont été évaluées dans le muscle squelettique. Quel que soit le modèle, deux types de muscles de typologie différente ont été étudiés. L’un compose majoritairement de fibres lentes oxydatives et l’autre de fibres rapides glycolytiques. Nos résultats montrent que le HIIT a eu plus d’impact que le MICT sur la voie de signalisation AMPK–PGC-1α ainsi que sur la biogénèse mitochondriale et les systèmes antioxydants. Ces modifications sont plus importantes dans les fibres oxydatives que dans les fibres glycolytiques. Les réponses interspécifiques fibres-dépendantes (globalement similaires chez les deux modèles) confortent l’utilisation du poisson dans ce champ d’investigation. Enfin, les résultats obtenus chez le rat sain ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes pour la prévention primaire des maladies métaboliques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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