1,721,163 research outputs found
Coexpression of two functionally independent p58 inhibitory receptors in human natural killer cell clones results in the inability to kill all normal allogeneic target cells.
No full textLearning how to discriminate between friends and enemies,a lesson from Natural Killer cells
No full textHuman Natural Killer cells express a large array of surface receptors that are involved in the regulation of the different NK cell functions. Some of these receptors, by sensing the expression of HLA class I on potential target cells, deliver negative signals that inhibit the NK-mediated killing. In the absence of such inhibitory interactions, other receptors are allowed to transduce activating signals that result in NK-mediated attack of tumor- or virus-transformed cells. The function of these main activating receptors is supported and enhanced by the simultaneous engagement of different co-receptors. Finally, the ability of NK cells to interact with normal, non-transformed other cells such as dendritic cells (DC) appears to crucially contribute to the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses
Natural killer alloeffector responses in haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat high-risk leukemias
No full textNatural killer (NK) cells, a major cell type of the innate immunity, express surface receptors that regulate potent effector functions such as cytolytic activity and release of cytokines playing a central role in inflammatory response and immunoregulation. In this contribution, we briefly outline the major steps from the discovery of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I-specific inhibitory receptors in humans to recent successful clinical applications in the cure of high-risk leukemias both in adults and in pediatric patients. A central role is played by 'alloreactive' NK cells originated from donor's CD 34(+) cells in eradicating leukemic cells in the setting of T-cell-depleted haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because alloreactive NK cells play a central role also in preventing graft rejection and graft- vs-host disease, they may represent an ideal tool to treat patients affected by acute high-risk leukemias
In vitro enhancement of the proliferative response of human T cells to autologous non-T cells by hydralazine.
No full textHaploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of high-risk leukemias: How NK cells make the difference
No full textT-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation from an HLA-haploidentical relative (Haplo HSCT) may represent a suitable and effective transplant option, as it is capable of rescuing not only adult patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemias (AML) but also children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as shown by the two representative cases presented in this study. In Haplo HSCT, the anti-leukemia effect is mediated by "alloreactive" (i.e. KIR/HLA-mismatched) NK cells originated from donor HSCs. The availability of suitable KIR-specific monoclonal antibodies allows the prompt identification of alloreactive NK cell subsets as well as their quantification. This is important for selection of the most suitable donor and evaluation of the generation and persistence of these alloreactive NK cells after transplantation. In view of the favorable clinical outcome of children with chemo-resistant ALL, Haplo HSCT from an NK-alloreactive relative could become a first option in these high-risk leukemia patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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