1,720,962 research outputs found
L’uso dell’allopurinolo nell’anziano
No full textL’allopurinolo è un farmaco molto usato per il trattamento dell’iperuricemia,
definita per valori di acido urico superiori a 6,8
o 7 mg/dl.1
Alla fine del 2012 in Italia i dati di consumo dell’allopurinolo,
espressi come dose giornaliera definita (DDD), si aggiravano
intorno ai 185 milioni.A dicembre 2014 nella Rete nazionale di farmacovigilanza
sono presenti 1.433 segnalazioni di sospette reazioni avverse
nelle quali l’allopurinolo è stato riportato come farmaco sospetto,
di cui 1.075 hanno coinvolto la popolazione con età
maggiore di 65 anni. Il 53% delle reazioni è classificato come
grave. Tra le reazioni riportate circa il 60% ha interessato il tessuto
cutaneo e sottocutaneo e 36 schede riportano la sindrome
DRESS, 118 la sindrome di Lyell e 88 la sindrome di
Stevens-Johnson come reazione avversa.
I fattori di rischio per l’insorgenza di reazioni avverse da allopurinolo
sono svariati: l’età avanzata, la funzionalità renale
compromessa, la presenza dell’allele HLA-B*5801, l’uso di
diuretici, l’alcolismo, alti dosaggi di allopurinolo e la disfunzione
epatica grave.I clinici dovrebbero porre particolare attenzione prima della
prescrizione dell’allopurinolo valutando rischi e benefici in particolar
modo nei pazienti anziani ove è più presente comorbilità
e polifarmacoterapia, importanti fattori di rischio per le
reazioni avverse più gravi
Gli effetti sul cuore degli inibitori della colinesterasi
No full textAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEI), like donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are the only drugs – together with memantine (glutamate receptor antagonist) – which obtained the indication for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer disease, but are also used for the treatment of other types of dementia.3,4In Italy, the estimated average consumption of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from 2008 to 2010 amounts to 0.974 DDDs (defined daily dose)/1,000 population/day for donezepil; 0.448 DDDs/1,000 population/day for rivastigmine; 0.112 DDDs/1,000 population/day for galantamine and 0.211 DDDs/1,000 population/day for memantine. Most reported adverse effects are: diarrhea, nausea, vomit and more rarely cardiovascular effects.2.5 Their cardiotoxicity is often disregarded to such a point that in the 50% of patients hospitalized for bradycardia the therapy is prescribed again.5 If these drugs are not identified as the causes for symptomatic bradycardia, the patient could incur in serious consequences, besides undergoing expensive investigations.6 A recent study did not reveal any correlation between the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the increment of chronotropic negative effects, hypotensive effects or arrhythmia in elderly patients with Alzheimer disease;7 on the other side, another study underlined a modest risk for bradycardia, but a high doses.4However, the percentage of brachycardia or syncope caused by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the daily clinical practice is not clear yet.According to some authors, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in elderly patients with dementia, in addition to bradycardia, would be associated to an increased incidence of syncope, pacemaker implant and femur fracture.6 It is opportune to highlight that patients with dementia who suffer a femur fracture have an elevate risk of ulterior functional decline, institutionalization and death.1
Drug-induced falls
No full textFalls represent a common and complex geriatric pathology profile.1 About 30% of elderly patients living in community fall at least once per year and half of them has frequent falls.1-2 Identification and correction of risk factors can significantly reduce the risk of future falls.Many commonly used drugs are significantly correlated to falls in elderly patients and are one of the most important risk extrinsic factor.Falls risk reduction in elderly patients (and their consequent lesions) undoubtedly requires actions on several fronts, however drugs are one of the most easily modifiable risk factors.5,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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