1,720,994 research outputs found
Does extended experience with other-race nannies predict racial bias in the preschool years?
No full textMost existing studies on racial bias reduction have used short-term interracial interaction interventions with fleeting effects. The current natural experiment examined whether daily interactions with other-race nannies relate to reduced racial bias in the preschool years. We capitalized on a unique child-rearing situation in Singapore whereby children are often cared for by other-race nannies since infancy. Singaporean Chinese 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 100) completed explicit and implicit racial bias measures assessing their preferential bias favoring own-race adults over adults of their nannies' race. Differential findings were obtained for children's explicit and implicit racial bias. Extensiveness, but not mere presence, of other-race nanny experience was associated with lower levels of explicit racial bias in children. In contrast, neither presence nor extensiveness of other-race nanny experience was associated with children's implicit racial bias. Together, these findings suggest that long-term and extensive contact with an other-race caregiver could have subtle mitigating effects on children's explicit, but not implicit, racial bias.Ministry of Education (MOE)Published versionThis research was supported by a grant from the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (RG42/20) and a Singapore Ministry of Education Social Science Research Thematic Grant (MOE2016-SSRTG-017) awarded to Peipei Setoh. Paul Quinn’s participation in the project was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (BCS-2141326)
Childhood harsh discipline and behavioral problems: the mediating roles of attachment dimensions
No full textBackground:
Parental harsh discipline (i.e., psychological aggression and physical discipline) has been consistently associated with greater child behavioral problems. Yet the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Harsh discipline may not have similar negative implications in cultures where it is prevalent.
Objective:
This study examined the direct associations between childhood harsh discipline and behavioral problems, as well as the mediating roles of attachment dimensions (i.e., trust, communication, alienation) in these relationships.
Participants and setting:
449 Singaporean young adults completed the survey (Mage = 22.57, SDage = 1.77, 52% female).
Methods:
Participants reported on their childhood discipline, current attachment towards their parent, and current behavioral (i.e., externalizing and internalizing) problems. Path analyses were conducted separately for mothers and fathers.
Results:
Maternal psychological aggression and parental severe physical discipline were directly related to greater externalizing problems. Parental psychological aggression and maternal severe physical discipline were indirectly associated with greater behavioral problems through alienation. The relationship between paternal psychological aggression and externalizing problems was also mediated by poor communication. Null finding for minor physical discipline was observed.
Conclusions:
Psychological aggression and severe physical discipline are related to greater behavioral problems, even in a cultural context where strict discipline is deemed acceptable. Minor physical discipline may have less adverse consequences in such a context. Parental alienation and paternal poor communication were the intervening mechanisms through which psychological aggression and severe physical discipline are related to greater behavioral problems. These findings highlight the need to encourage non-violent disciplinary strategies to facilitate optimal child development.Ministry of Education (MOE)Published versionThis research was supported by grants from the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (RG126/23; RG39/22; RG42/20) and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2021/093/NUSMed/13/LOA) awarded to Peipei Setoh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contrasting lexical biases in bilingual English–Mandarin speech : verb-biased mothers, but noun-biased toddlers
No full textIs noun dominance in early lexical acquisition a widespread or a language-specific phenomenon? Thirty Singaporean bilingual English–Mandarin learning toddlers and their mothers were observed in a mother-child play interaction. For both English and Mandarin, toddlers’ speech and reported vocabulary contained more nouns than verbs across book reading and toy playing. In contrast, their mothers’ speech contained more verbs than nouns in both English and Mandarin but differed depending on the context of the interaction. Although toddlers demonstrated a noun bias for both languages, the noun bias was more pronounced in English than in Mandarin. Together, these findings support early noun dominance as a widespread phenomenon in the lexical acquisition debate but also provide evidence that language specificity also plays a minor role in children’s early lexical development.Ministry of Education (MOE)Published versionThis research was supported by Singapore Ministry of Education’s Academic Research Fund Tier 1 and Social Science Research Thematic Grant (MOE2016-SSRTG-017) to Peipei Setoh
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Parenting by lying in childhood is associated with negative developmental outcomes in adulthood
No full textParenting by lying refers to the parenting practice of deception to try to control children's behavioral and affective states. Although the practice is widely observed across cultures, few studies have examined its associations with psychological outcomes in adulthood. The current research fills this gap by sampling 379 young Singaporean adults who reported on their childhood exposure to parenting by lying, their current deceptive behaviors toward parents, and their psychosocial adjustment. Results revealed that the adults who remembered being exposed to higher levels of parenting by lying in childhood showed higher levels of deception toward their parents and higher levels of psychosocial maladjustment. Our findings suggest that parenting by lying may have negative implications for children's psychosocial functioning later in life.Ministry of Education (MOE)Nanyang Technological UniversityAccepted versionThis research was supported by a Nanyang Technological University Start Up Grant, Singapore (M4081490) and a Singapore Ministry of Education Social Science Research Thematic Grant (MOE2016-SSRTG-017) to Peipei Setoh
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