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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Οptimisatiοn of a larval bioassay on the estuarine cοpepοd Eurytemοra affinis : Towards an intercοntinental applicatiοn with wild individuals
No full textLes estuaires sont des zones d’intérêt économique cruciales, soumises à de fortes pressions anthropiques. Les réglementations instaurées pour assurer le bon état des masses d’eau nécessitent le développement et l’utilisation d’outils d’évaluation de leur qualité chimique. En raison du caractère dynamique des estuaires, les outils existants pour ces écosystèmes sont rares et peu pertinents d’un point de vue écologique. Dans ce contexte, les copépodes du complexe d’espèces cryptiques Eurytemora affinis, présent dans la plupart des estuaires nord-atlantiques, s’inscrivent comme des candidats idéaux pour le développement de ce type d’outil. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’optimiser un bioessai embryo-larvaire de survie et de croissance sur le copépode estuarien E. affinis afin de tendre vers son utilisation en routine à l’échelle internationale avec des individus sauvages. Dans un premier temps, les conditions d’application du bioessai réalisé avec des populations provenant de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent (Canada) ont été évaluées. Les salinités de 5 à 10 PSU à 10 et 15°C ont offert des taux de survie supérieurs à 80 % après 96 h. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence la difficulté de travailler avec des nauplii issus de femelles ovigères sauvages. Les facteurs environnementaux présents sur les sites d’échantillonnage ont un fort impact sur les différents paramètres étudiés. Dans un second temps, des expositions de 96 h au lithium et au benzo[a]pyrène ont montré la plus grande sensibilité des nauplii du clade Européen de l’estuaire de la Seine par rapport aux nauplii du clade Nord-Atlantique de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent, soulignant l’importance d’identifier clairement les espèces cryptiques E. affinis utilisées dans le cadre de bioessais. Enfin, la sensibilité et la pertinence du bioessai de survie et de croissance réduit à 24 et 48 h sur les nauplii E. affinis par rapport à un bioessai commercial sur les nauplii d’Artemia franciscana ont été démontrées lors des expositions au lithium, au benzo[a]pyrène et à des eaux domestiques avant et après traitement par la station d’épuration des eaux usées du Havre. Ces travaux de doctorat ont permis d’optimiser le bioessai, offrant aux gestionnaires de l’environnement et aux industriels une méthode plus pertinente d’un point de vue écologique, réactive et sensible avec des effets observés non létaux, à la différence des bioessais actuellement disponibles dans le commerce.Estuaries are crucial areas of economic interest, subject to strong anthropic pressures. Regulations introduced to ensure the good status of water bodies require the development and use of tools to assess their chemical quality. Due to the dynamic nature of estuaries, existing tools for these ecosystems are scarce and not ecologically relevant. In this context, the copepods of the cryptic species complex Eurytemora affinis, found in north-Atlantic estuaries, are ideal candidates for the development of this type of tool. The overall aim of this thesis was to optimize an embryo-larval survival and growth bioassay on the estuarine copepod E. affinis, with a view to its routine use on an international scale with wild individuals. The first step was to evaluate the conditions under which the bioassay was applied to populations from the St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada). Survival rates were above 80% after 96 h from 5 to 10 PSU at 10 and 15°C. The results highlighted the difficulty of working with nauplii from wild ovigerous females. The environmental factors present at the sampling sites have a strong impact on the various parameters studied. Secondly, 96 h exposures to lithium and benzo[a]pyrene showed the greater sensitivity of nauplii from the European clade of the Seine estuary compared with nauplii from the North-Atlantic clade of the St. Lawrence estuary, underlining the importance of clearly identifying the E. affinis cryptic species used in bioassays. Finally, the sensitivity and relevance of the 24 and 48 h reduced survival and growth bioassay on E. affinis nauplii compared to a commercial bioassay on Artemia franciscana nauplii was demonstrated by exposures to lithium, benzo[a]pyrene and domestic water before and after treatment by the Le Havre wastewater treatment plant. This doctoral work has enabled us to optimize the bioassay, offering amore ecologically relevant, responsive and sensitive to environmental managers and industry, with observed non-lethal effects compared with bioassays currently on the market
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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