156 research outputs found
Prostaglandin I(2) and T Regulatory Cell Function: Broader Impacts
No full textTregulatory cells (Tregs) are an important member of the adaptive immune system and function to reduce and resolve inflammation. Prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) is a lipid mediator that has potent anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. Several studies have investigated the interplay between PGI(2) and Tregs. Together, the data from these studies demonstrate that PGI(2) promotes the formation and function of Tregs. This suggests that therapeutic supplementation of PGI(2) may be a treatment for various autoimmune or inflammatory diseases through enhancement of Treg function
The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Pulmonary Viral Infection and Allergic Inflammation
No full textAirway inflammatory diseases including viral bronchiolitis and allergy are significant causes or morbidity and mortality worldwide. A recently identified lineage of leukocytes known as innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have potent inflammatory potential, but their mechanistic role in airway inflammation is not entirely understood. Group 2 ILC were identified to be activated in a mouse model of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and correlated with significant pathophysiologic changes in the airways including mucus production. That activation depended upon the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Broadly, group 1, 2, and 3 ILC responses were coordinated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), which promoted group 1 ILC and restricted group 2 and 3 ILC during RSV infection. Finally, IL-33 signaling mediated egress of ILC2 from the bone marrow during initial seeding of tissues in the post-natal period as well as in the context of allergic inflammation. These data broadly support a role for ILC2 in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infection and provide mechanistic insights into how ILC2 egress from the bone marrow to support allergic inflammation
The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Pulmonary Viral Infection and Allergic Inflammation
No full textSupplementary files; Dual GIPR and GLP-1R agonist tirzepatide inhibits aeroallergen-induced allergic airway inflammation in mouse model of obese asthma.
No full textShinji Toki1, Jian Zhang1, Richard L. Printz2, Katherine N. Cahill2, Kevin D. Niswender3,4,5, R. Stokes Peebles Jr. 1,2,5
1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
2 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
3 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
4 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
5 Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USAThese are supplementary files for our article
Evolving Patterns in Inpatient Pediatric Consultations to Allergy/Immunology at an Academic Medical Center
No full textBackground: Consultations to pediatric allergy/immunology are of benefit to many hospitalized inpatients, but there is limited current information about how T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) screening may have changed these patterns for pediatric populations. We aimed to determine the types of consults being requested and their relative frequencies for primary pediatric allergy/immunology consults under an academic fellowship program since the start of TREC screening in 2016. Information gained could help identify focal concepts for pediatric allergy inpatient training curricula for fellowship and graduate medical education programs.
Methods: Under an IRB approved study of an academic allergy fellowship consultation log, we retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of pediatric allergy and immunology consults and categorized consultations by their primary indication.
Results: Three-hundred and eighty-three pediatric allergy/immunology consultations were seen between September 4, 2016 to November 24, 2022. In terms of frequency, the most common consultation was for immunodeficiency evaluation or treatment, n=205 (53.5%), followed by drug allergy n=55 (14.4%), general allergy concerns n=43 (11.2%), skin allergy n=35 (9.1%), and less commonly inflammatory syndromes, n=26 (6.8%) and food allergy, n=19 (5.0%). Questions related to TREC screening comprised 21% of all immunodeficiency consults, at n=43.
Conclusion: At an academic allergy center where all allergy/immunology service lines are currently provided, the most common reason for pediatric consultations were for help with immunodeficiency evaluation/treatment and drug allergy. TREC screening is a new key indication for consultation. Fellowship programs may benefit from focusing on these content areas for the pediatric inpatient setting.
Author's personal copy Female newts (Taricha granulosa) produce tetrodotoxin laden eggs after long term captivity
No full textThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. a b s t r a c t We investigated the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the eggs of wild-caught newts (Taricha granulosa) at capture and again after one, two, and three years in captivity. Females initially produced eggs that contained quantities of TTX similar to previous descriptions of eggs from wild-caught adults. After the first year in captivity, the egg toxicity from each female declined, ultimately remaining constant during each of the successive years in captivity. Despite declining, all females continued to produce eggs containing substantial quantities of TTX during captivity. The decline in toxicity can not be attributed to declining egg mass but may be the result of the abbreviated reproductive cycle to which the captive newts were subjected in the lab. Finally, an estimate of the amount of TTX provisioned in the entire clutch from each female is similar to the quantity of TTX regenerated in the skin after electrical stimulation. These results, coupled with other long-term studies on the maintenance and regeneration of TTX in the skin, suggests an endogenous origin of TTX in newts
THE PRAIRIE NATURALIST Volume 27, No.4 December 1995
No full textNEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR MAMMALS IN KANSAS · D. W Sparks and J. R. Choate
CLAY-COLORED SPARROWS IN NORTH DAKOTA PARASITIZED BY BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS ▪ G. P. Romig and R. D. Crawford
A NOTEWORTHY RECORD AND THE BREEDING DISTRIBUTION OF THE BLUE GROSBEAK IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ L. D. Igl
NEAR LONGEVITY RECORD FOR THE SNOW GOOSE ▪ M T. Koenen and D. M. Leslie, Jr.
COMPARISON OF WATER CONSUMPTION BETWEEN TWO GRASSLAND EMBERIZIDS ▪ J. L. Zimmerman
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINING PROPORTION OF CITIZENS HUNTING IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ N. J. Dietz, K. F. Higgins, and R. D. Mendelsohn
BOOK REVIEWS
COLORADO MAMMALS ▪ D. C. Anderson
EDWARD O. WILSON\u27S AUTOBIOGRAPHY ▪ G. K. Clambey
THE LOESS HILLS ▪ J. J. Dinsmore
AN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHIC ▪ L. L. Haupt
NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS ▪ D. H. Johnson
THE PLIGHT OF THE KARNER BLUE ▪ R. A. Royer
WHERE THE SKY BEGAN ▪ J. J. Ruwaldt
MAMMALS OF THE SOUTH-CENTRAL STATES ▪ M K. Stokes
TEXAS MAMMALS ▪ J. N. Stuart
THE FINAL FRONTIER ▪ R. Woodle
A Note from the Editor
Reviewers for Volume 27
Author Index
Keyword Inde
Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders
No full textElevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets
Bovine Serum Albumin Elicits IL-33–Dependent Adipose Tissue Eosinophilia: Potential Relevance to Ovalbumin-induced Models of Allergic Disease
No full textAll cells of the immune system reside in adipose tissue (AT), and increasing type 2 immune cells may be a therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic health. In our previous study using i.p. IL-5 injections to increase eosinophils, we observed that a standard vehicle control of 0.1% BSA also elicited profound AT eosinophilia. In this study, we aimed to determine whether BSA-induced AT eosinophilia results in metabolic benefits in murine models of diet-induced obesity. I.p. 0.1% BSA injections increased AT eosinophils after 4 wk. Despite elevating eosinophils to >50% of immune cells in the AT, body weight and glucose tolerance were not different between groups. Interestingly, BSA elicited epithelial IL-33 production, as well as gene expression for type 2 cytokines and IgE production that were dependent on IL-33. Moreover, multiple models of OVA sensitization also drove AT eosinophilia. Following transplantation of a donor fat pad with BSA-induced eosinophilia, OVA-sensitized recipient mice had higher numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils that were recipient derived. Interestingly, lungs of recipient mice contained eosinophils, macrophages, and CD8 T cells from the donor AT. These trafficked similarly from BSA- and non-BSA-treated AT, suggesting even otherwise healthy AT serves as a reservoir of immune cells capable of migrating to the lungs. In conclusion, our studies suggest that i.p. injections of BSA and OVA induce an allergic response in the AT that elicits eosinophil recruitment, which may be an important consideration for those using OVA in animal models of allergic disease
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