1,720,961 research outputs found
Riverine relationships: A journey along the Po between the 3d and the 5th century AD
No full textRivers represent a vital means of communication, transport, and interaction between extensive landscapes. They are often complex fluvial environments where anthropogenic activities and environmental forces are inextricably linked. Since the origins of humanity rivers provided their surrounding communities with subsistence resources, and with many of the first civilisations developing beside river courses, these rivers evolved into a political, economic, and cultural highways connecting disparate landscapes, from lake-strewn mountains to promontory forelands, down to an extensive floodplains and coastal lagoons and converging into vast oceans. Over the last few thousand years many rivers, such as the Nile, Thames, and the Tiber, have developed a unique symbiotic relationship with their fluvial communities, but this relationship is often overlooked or heavily understudied. Especially in archaeological studies, rivers are often seen as simple and natural features of an extensive terrestrial landscape, whereby its inhabitants were not defined from a riverine perspective but from a terrestrial one. As rivers are complex products of geology, environment, anthropogenic interactions, and the unfolding of history, it is necessary to study these rivers as exactly these products. Only by doing so can a better understanding of the river be created as well as its many riverine communities and traditions. Hence, this thesis aims to develop a multidisciplinary approach that enables a holistic narrative of the symbiotic relationship between rivers and their fluvial communities. To do so, this thesis will use the Po from the 3rd to 5th century AD as an example and highlight how this river and its symbiotic relationship during the Roman Empire developed. This will be achieved by geologically reconstructing the Po during the researched period, geolocating the archaeology around it, and assessing the various Greek and Latin accounts that discuss this unique riverine landscape. This process will not only refine our understanding of the relationship between the Po and its fluvial communities but also define a novel approach that can be applied to any river across the globe
4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea
No full textThis paper introduces the applicability of underwater
photogrammetric survey within challenging conditions as the main
tool to enhance and enrich the process of documenting archaeological
excavation through the creation of 4D models. Photogrammetry was
being attempted on underwater archaeological sites at least as early
as the 1970s’ and today the production of traditional 3D models is
becoming a common practice within the discipline. Photogrammetry
underwater is more often implemented to record exposed underwater
archaeological remains and less so as a dynamic interpretative tool. Therefore, it tends to be applied in bright environments and
when underwater visibility is > 1m, reducing its implementation
on most submerged archaeological sites in more turbid conditions.
Recent years have seen significant development of better digital
photographic sensors and the improvement of optical technology,
ideal for darker environments. Such developments, in tandem with
powerful processing computing systems, have allowed underwater
photogrammetry to be used by this research as a standard recording
and interpretative tool. Using multi-source photogrammetry (5,
GoPro5 Hero Black cameras) this paper presents the accumulation of
daily (4D) underwater surveys carried out in the Early Bronze Age
(3,300 BC) to Late Ottoman (17th Century AD) archaeological site of
Ropotamo in the Bulgarian Black Sea under challenging conditions
(< 0.5m visibility). It proves that underwater photogrammetry can
and should be used as one of the main recording methods even in low
light and poor underwater conditions as a way to better understand
the complexity of the underwater archaeological record
Deep Sea Archaeological Survey in the Black Sea – Robotic documentation of 2,500 years of human Seafaring
No full textBetween 2015 and 2017 the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project (Black Sea MAP) discovered and recorded 65 shipwreck sites dating from the 5th/4th Century BC to the 19th Century AD in the Bulgarian EEZ. Using state-of-the-art remotely operated vehicles to survey the seabed, the team captured more than 250,000 high-definition (HD) photographs; hundreds of hours of ultra-high (UHD) video together with acoustic bathymetric, laser bathymetric, side-scan sonar and seismic data. The wrecks were located in depths from 40 to 2,200 metres – those shipwrecks in the deeper range presented extraordinary archaeological preservation due to the Black Sea’s anoxic conditions. This paper will introduce the methods used based on a wide range of deep-sea optic and acoustic survey techniques to create 3D and pseudo 4D models of the shipwrecks
Deep sea archaeological survey in the Black Sea – robotic documentation of 2,500 years of human seafaring
No full textBetween 2015 and 2017 the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project (Black Sea MAP) discovered and recorded 65 shipwreck sites dating from the 4th Century BC to the 19th Century AD in the Bulgarian Exclusive Economical Zone (EEZ). Using state-of-the-art remotely operated vehicles to survey the seabed, the team captured more than 250,000 high-definition (HD) photographs; hundreds of hours of ultra high-definition (UHD) video together with acoustic bathymetric, laser, side-scan sonar and seismic data. The wrecks were located in depths from 40 to 2,200 metres – those shipwrecks in the deeper range presented extraordinary archaeological preservation due to the Black Sea’s anoxic conditions. This paper will introduce the range of deep-sea optic and acoustic survey techniques to accurately record and create 3D and pseudo 4D models of the shipwrecks. It will focus on a Early 4th Century BC shipwreck demonstrating the project’s survey strategy as well as adaptations developed in response to operational conditions; the implementation of deep sea robotics to generate georeferenced high-resolution photogrammetric models and the benefits this has as an on-site, as well as a post-cruise, interpretative tool. It demonstrates that in-theatre acquisition and processing of high-quality datasets is a working reality and has fundamental implications for management as well as the advantages that this brings to the archaeological research process: Firstly, in the creation of spatio-temporal models, i.e., 4D representations of a site pre and post archaeological excavation and secondly, in monitoring such wreck sites, and provides a viable non-intervention tool for the assessment of sites as part of a long-term management strategy. It also shows the value of well-funded collaboration between academia and industry and that deep water archaeology can and must be totally in accordance to the 2011 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) convention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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