1,721,141 research outputs found
Acute changes in plasma glucose increases left ventricular systolic function in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes and controls
Full text linkAims We aimed to evaluate the effect of acute hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a control group. Materials and methods In a nonrandomized interventional study, insulin-treated patients with T2D (N = 21, mean +/- SD age 62.8 +/- 6.5 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.0 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2), glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 51.0 +/- 5.4 mmol/mol [6.8 +/- 0.5%]) and matched controls (N = 21, mean +/- SD age 62.2 +/- 8.3 years, BMI 29.2 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2), HbA1c 34.3 +/- 3.3 mmol/L [5.3 +/- 0.3%]) underwent one experimental day with plasma glucose (PG) clamped at three different 30-minute steady-state levels: (1) fasting plasma glucose (FPG); (2) hyperglycaemia (FPG + 10 mmol/L); and (3) hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (PG</p
Severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: impact of the renin-angiotensin system and other risk factors
No full textHypoglycaemia is an unavoidable side effect to insulin therapy of diabetes. In daily life some hypoglycaemic episodes are recognised by the patients and corrected by ingestion of glucose, but occasionally unrecognised episodes progress into severe hypoglycaemia with cognitive impairment and the need for assistance from other persons in order to manage the situation. Such episodes represent the most feared side effect to insulin treatment and are regarded as the major limiting factor for achievement of recommended glycaemic targets in type 1 diabetes. The series of studies that constitute this thesis was conducted to assess the significance of severe hypoglycaemia as a clinical problem in the type 1 diabetic population, to evaluate the impact of known risk factors on occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia, and to identify new markers that could contribute to improved prediction of, and inspire to novel preventive measures of, severe hypoglycaemia. Our studies confirm that severe hypoglycaemia is still a major clinical problem in type 1 diabetes. The individual susceptibility to severe hypoglycaemia is highly varying and conventional risk factors - with major contribution from hypoglycaemia unawareness - only account for a limited part of this variation. Results from a case-series suggest that the use of psychoactive substances may be as significant as alcohol for promotion of risk of severe hypoglycaemia - a finding which needs to be confirmed by case-control studies. We identified elevated renin-angiotensin system activity as a novel predictor of risk of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes with potential clinical significance. Thus, three sequential renin-angiotensin system-related risk factors were associated with severe hypoglycaemia, and by including these factors in a common model both subjects at low and at high risk within a one-year period were identified. Preliminary data suggest that this is explained by impaired capability of subjects with high renin-angiotensin system activity to maintain cognitive function during hypoglycaemia. The clinical implications of this finding which, however, must await additional independent confirmation, include prediction and possibly some prevention of severe hypoglycaemia. An evaluation of renin-angiotensin system activity may - together with assessment of other risk factors - contribute to rational individualized setting of glycaemic targets and thereby open for prevention of severe hypoglycaemia. Furthermore, subjects with elevated renin-angiotensin system activity and a high rate of severe hypoglycaemia might benefit from pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers or even renin blockers. This should be addressed in controlled trialsHypoglycaemia is an unavoidable side effect to insulin therapy of diabetes. In daily life some hypoglycaemic episodes are recognised by the patients and corrected by ingestion of glucose, but occasionally unrecognised episodes progress into severe hypoglycaemia with cognitive impairment and the need for assistance from other persons in order to manage the situation. Such episodes represent the most feared side effect to insulin treatment and are regarded as the major limiting factor for achievement of recommended glycaemic targets in type 1 diabetes. The series of studies that constitute this thesis was conducted to assess the significance of severe hypoglycaemia as a clinical problem in the type 1 diabetic population, to evaluate the impact of known risk factors on occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia, and to identify new markers that could contribute to improved prediction of, and inspire to novel preventive measures of, severe hypoglycaemia. Our studies confirm that severe hypoglycaemia is still a major clinical problem in type 1 diabetes. The individual susceptibility to severe hypoglycaemia is highly varying and conventional risk factors - with major contribution from hypoglycaemia unawareness - only account for a limited part of this variation. Results from a case-series suggest that the use of psychoactive substances may be as significant as alcohol for promotion of risk of severe hypoglycaemia - a finding which needs to be confirmed by case-control studies. We identified elevated renin-angiotensin system activity as a novel predictor of risk of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes with potential clinical significance. Thus, three sequential renin-angiotensin system-related risk factors were associated with severe hypoglycaemia, and by including these factors in a common model both subjects at low and at high risk within a one-year period were identified. Preliminary data suggest that this is explained by impaired capability of subjects with high renin-angiotensin system activity to maintain cognitive function during hypoglycaemia. The clinical implications of this finding which, however, must await additional independent confirmation, include prediction and possibly some prevention of severe hypoglycaemia. An evaluation of renin-angiotensin system activity may - together with assessment of other risk factors - contribute to rational individualized setting of glycaemic targets and thereby open for prevention of severe hypoglycaemia. Furthermore, subjects with elevated renin-angiotensin system activity and a high rate of severe hypoglycaemia might benefit from pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers or even renin blockers. This should be addressed in controlled trials Udgivelsesdato: 200
160-OR: Acute Changes in Plasma Glucose Have Impact on Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a markedly altered cardiac metabolism and twice the risk of developing heart failure compared to individuals without diabetes. The effect of acute changes in plasma glucose (PG) on cardiac function is unclear. We evaluated the effect of acute hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia on cardiac function.
Insulin-treated patients with T2D (N=21, [mean±SD] age 62.8±6.5 years, BMI 29.0±4.2 kg/m2, HbA1c 51.0±5.4 mmol/mol) and matched controls (N=21, age 62.2±8.3 years, BMI 29.2±3.5, HbA1c 34.3±3.3 mmol/l) with normal glucose tolerance underwent a 3-step glucose clamp day with 30 min of steady-state PG during each step: 1) fasting PG (FPG), 2) hyperglycemia (FPG+10 mmol/l), and 3) hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PG<3.0 mmol/l). Cardiac function was evaluated during steady-state of each step by echocardiography.
Acute hyperglycemia increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline in T2D patients ([mean±SEM, P-value] 4.5±1.7%, P=0.0108) whereas no change was observed in controls (2.0±1.7%, P=0.2525). Furthermore, left ventricular systolic function measured by s’ increased during hyperglycemia in both patients and controls (0.4±0.1 m/s (P=0.0007) and 0.6±0.1 m/s (P <0.0001), respectively) whereas global longitudinal strain rate only increased in the controls (-0.05±0.04 s-1 (P=0.1803) and -0.11±0.04 s-1 (P=0.0053), respectively). All measures of left ventricular systolic function increased markedly during hypoglycemia (P<0.01 for all). No significant interaction between group and PG level on cardiac function was observed.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that LVEF increases during acute hyperglycemia in insulin-treated patients with T2D and that acute hypoglycemia markedly increases all measures of left ventricular systolic function. These results point to the importance of glycemia when evaluating left ventricular systolic function by echocardiography in patients with T2D
Insulin treatment of adults with type 1 diabetes
No full textWhereas insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes formerly was limited by the availability of one or a few types of insulin with suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties, insulin analogues with more fitting physiological action profiles have now been developed and ultimately near-physiological insulin treatment can be delivered with insulin pumps. Adjustments of insulin dosing can be rationally based on dosing algorithms. This requires frequent glucose measurements and knowledge about dietary carbohydrate content. Today, the treatment and its complexity are individualized according to needs and wishes of the patient.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The updated Pedersen-Bjergaard method for assessment of awareness of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
No full textINTRODUCTION. Loss of awareness of hypoglycaemia is the major risk factor for severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Three methods for assessment of self-reported awareness have been validated and used more widely: the Gold, the Clarke and the Pedersen-Bjergaard classification. Comparisons between the methods are hampered by the latter operating with three classes, whereas the other methods are bimodal. We have therefore updated the Pedersen-Bjergaard classification and here present a comparison of the three methods. METHODS. Adult people with type 1 diabetes (n = 325) completed a validated questionnaire. Hypoglycaemia awareness was self-reported by the three methods: Gold, Clarke and Pedersen-Bjergaard scores. The latter was updated by renaming the previous "impaired " class to "intermediate ". RESULTS. A total of 24%, 17% and 14% of patients were classified as having loss of awareness by the Gold, Clarke and updated Pedersen-Bjergaard methods, respectively, with reasonably good agreement and all with increased rates of severe hypoglycaemia. The latter classified 43% with normal and 43% with intermediate awareness and low and average rate of severe hypoglycaemia, respectively. CONCLUSION. The three classifications identified people with loss of awareness with a reasonably high degree of concordance. In contrast to the others, the updated Pedersen-Bjergaard method identified groups with normal and intermediate awareness with clinically significant different risks of severe hypoglycaemia.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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