1,720,954 research outputs found
An integrated regionalization framework for incorporating flood seasonality into agricultural flood risk assessments
Full text linkFlood risk to agriculture is strongly influenced by the timing of inundation relative to crop development stages, making flood seasonality a critical but often overlooked component in damage estimation. This study introduces a generalizable regionalization framework that combines hydrological clustering and machine learning to incorporate seasonal flood probability into agricultural risk assessment. The approach involves identifying clusters of gauged catchments with similar patterns of intra-annual flood occurrence and using supervised classification to extrapolate these seasonal regimes to ungauged catchments based on their physical attributes. The resulting spatially distributed maps of monthly flood probability can be then integrated with a flood damage model to calculate expected annual losses and support risk estimates across entire river districts. The proposed framework, applied in this study to the Po River District (Italy) for illustrative purposes, is scalable and adaptable to different regions, contributing to more robust and context-sensitive adaptation planning in agriculture. Results highlight the importance of accounting for flood seasonality in cost-benefit analyses within agricultural contexts, as neglecting intra-annual variability can lead to overestimated damage projections and suboptimal mitigation strategies
Flood hazard and risk assessment in data scarce regions : the case of the Metuge district in northern Mozambique
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALELe alluvioni sono tra i più comuni disastri naturali, con conseguenze devastanti per le comunità colpite, a livello globale. Negli ultimi anni, la frequenza e l’intensità delle alluvioni sono aumentate a causa del cambiamento climatico e della rapida urbanizzazione in corso. I paesi in via di sviluppo risultano quelli maggiormente colpiti da questo fenomeno, a causa della loro vulnerabilità, delle fragili infrastrutture e della scarsa preparazione alla gestione di eventi catastrofali. Di conseguenza, vi è una crescente necessità di comprendere meglio le cause e gli impatti delle alluvioni in questi contesti, in cui la scarsità di dati è una delle principali sfide alla mitigazione del rischio.
Gli studi condotti finora in tali aree tendono a valutare il rischio di alluvione utilizzando tecniche tipiche dei sistemi informativi geografici e dati da telerilevamento, mentre i modelli idrologici e idraulici vengono utilizzati raramente. L'uso di modelli per valutare il danno atteso è ancora più raro e la valutazione del rischio rimane centrata sulla pericolosità. In questo studio, è stato fatto uno sforzo significativo per colmare queste lacune combinando le informazioni ottenute da database globali e indagini sul campo.
In particolare, questo studio presenta una valutazione del rischio di alluvione per le comunità rurali del distretto di Metuge nel Mozambico settentrionale, mediante l’implementazione di una metodologia completa che consideri tutte e tre le componenti del rischio, ovvero pericolosità, esposizione e vulnerabilità. L'implementazione segue un approccio olistico che include la modellazione idrologica e idraulica per la componente di pericolosità da alluvione, la caratterizzazione della popolazione e delle infrastrutture esposte (edifici residenziali, strade e strutture critiche) attraverso un sopralluogo in campo e l'uso di modelli di danno per la valutazione della vulnerabilità. L'analisi è stata effettuata per sette periodi di ritorno per aumentare il dettaglio delle curve frequenza-danno ottenute per ogni bene considerato e avere così una migliore valutazione del rischio. I risultati sono stati comunicati a e validati con i portatori di interesse locali, durante una missione condotta in Mozambico, mediante un processo partecipato.
I risultati finali dello studio consistono in mappe di pericolosità e di rischio di alluvione. Tali mappe possono essere utilizzate sia per comunicare il rischio di alluvione e i potenziali impatti, che per promuovere misure di preparazione e resilienza. I risultati ottenuti in questo studio rappresentano un miglioramento sostanziale della conoscenza sul rischio alluvionale rispetto a quella già esistente per la stessa area.Floods are widespread natural disasters that have devastating consequences for people and communities worldwide. In recent years, the frequency and severity of such events ever increased due to climate change and rising urbanization, with developing countries suffering the most because of their vulnerability, frail infrastructure, and weak disaster preparedness. Consequently, there is a growing need to better understand the causes and impacts of floods in these contexts, in which data scarcity is one of the main challenges.
Studies conducted in areas with limited data tend to evaluate flood risk using GIS techniques and remote sensing data, whereas hydrological and hydraulic modelling are rarely employed. The use of damage models to assess the expected damage is even more infrequent, and risk assessment remains hazard centered. In this study, a significant effort was made to fill these gaps by combining the information obtained from global databases and field surveys.
In detail, this study presents a flood risk assessment for the rural communities of the District of Metuge in northern Mozambique, which involves the development of a comprehensive methodology considering all three components of risk, namely hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The implementation follows a holistic approach that includes quantitative hydrological and hydraulic modelling for the flood hazard component, characterization of the population and infrastructure exposed (residential buildings, roads, and critical facilities) through local surveyed data, and use of damage models for vulnerability assessment. The analysis was carried out for seven different return periods to increase the detail of the damage-frequency curves obtained for each considered asset and thus have a better estimation of flood risk. In addition, the results were communicated and validated with local stakeholders, during a mission conducted in Mozambique using a participatory approach.
The final results consist of flood hazard and risk maps that can be used to communicate flood risk and potential impacts, as well as to promote preparedness and resilience measures. Overall, the results obtained in this study represent a substantial upgrade of the risk knowledge that was previously available for the same area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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