1,720,965 research outputs found
Salmonella spp. in poultry production—A review of the role of interventions along the production continuum
No full textSalmonella continues to be a pathogen of concern in human health with foods and water the most common sources linked with foodborne illness (1-3). Annually, the WHO estimates that human foodborne illness associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica species causes more than 78 million illnesses, 59,153 deaths and almost 4,068,000 disability adjusted life years (DALYS) worldwide (2). Although multiple potential vehicles associated with human salmonellosis exist, poultry and poultry products are still considered one of the most common sources of disease for humans. This review focuses on modern poultry production and the role of interventions along the production continuum and their potential for reducing the burden of Salmonella in meat and poultry products destined for human consumption.
Over the last decade or more, global production and consumption of poultry meat and products has increased significantly. Estimates from the FAO Agricultural outlook report 2021-2030 (4) suggest that the global meat supply will reach 374 million tons by 2030. The increased demand for chicken meat has resulted in increased production in some world regions including China, the Americas and Africa (4). So too, in line with the increased production, the global rate of consumption of chicken is projected to increase by 14% by 2030 compared to 2018-2020 projections. Global poultry meat production in 2022 was estimated at 138.8 million tons (5).
Multiple factors influence increased poultry production and demand including the world population growth, the changing demographics of the world’s population, where the middle income consumer class has significantly grown, urbanization, income levels, price, cultural norms, environmental aspects, animal welfare and health. In addition, the growth rate of birds is significantly higher than other meat species, and the ability to raise poultry in small areas is appealing for lower income families and is a means to raise household income or quality of life. With the demand for poultry meat and products becoming a primary driver linked with population growth and income, the rate of purchase and consumption will likely continue and is expected to play a significant role in the population’s diet and how production is intensified to meet this growing demand.
This review, while extensive, is not exhaustive and focuses on some of the common practices or interventions for various stages of the poultry production system as it pertains to the production of poultry (broiler) meat. The review does however have potential application for other pathogens of poultry and for other meat production systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Implication des troubles métaboliques maternels sur la programmation fœtale des fonctions métabolique hépatique et vasculaire de la descendance
No full textIn utero exposure to maternal metabolic pathologies leads to fetal programming, which increases the occurrence of metabolic, vascular and hepatic diseases in offspring. In this thesis, we focused on fetal programming induced by two types of maternal metabolic dysfunctions : obesity and diabetes. We highlighted that maternal obesity induced direct fetal programming of the vascular function in offspring regardless of metabolic disorders. In addition, we showed that disruption of perinatal nutrition leads to the early occurrence of metabolic disorders in offspring of obese mothers, without modifying the fetal programming of vascular function. Bariatric surgery doesn’t seem tobe able to reverse fetal programming of metabolic and vascular functions as described in obese mothers offspring. We also showed that fetal programming of vascular dysfunction of diabetic mother’s offspring can be transmitted from the F1 to the F2 generation. Finally, we highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphism in the fetal programming of vascular function. These results demonstrate that vascular (arterial hypertension) and metabolic (obesity, diabetes) diseases are not exclusively behavioral diseases but can also have a fetal life origin. They can be transmitted over several generations, thus contributing to explain the worldwide spread of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.L’exposition in utero à des pathologies métaboliques maternelles aboutit à une programmation foetale favorisant la survenue de pathologies métabolique, vasculaire et hépatique pour la descendance. Les travaux exposés dans ce manuscrits intéressent à la programmation foetale induite par deux types de pathologies métaboliques maternelles : l’obésité et le diabète. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence que l’obésité maternelle induisait une programmation foetale directe de la fonction vasculaire de la descendance et ce indépendamment des anomalies métaboliques. De plus, nous avons montré que la perturbation de l’alimentation périnatale, bien que ne modifiant pas la programmation foetale de la fonction vasculaire, conduit à la survenue précoce d’anomalies métaboliques dans la descendance de mère obèse. A court terme, la chirurgie bariatrique n’est pas suffisante pour contrer la programmation foetale des fonctions métabolique et vasculaire décrites pour la descendance de mère obèse. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la programmation foetale des anomalies vasculaires de la descendance de mère diabétique pouvait être transmise de la génération F1 à la génération F2. Finalement, nous avons mis en avant l’importance du dimorphisme sexuel dans la programmation foetale de la fonction vasculaire. Ces résultats démontrent que les maladies vasculaires (hypertension artérielle) et métabolique (obésité, diabète) ne sont pas des maladies exclusivement comportementales mais sont des maladies pouvant trouver leur origine durant la vie foetale et être transmises sur plusieurs générations, contribuant à expliquer la forte augmentation de la prévalence de ces pathologies regroupées au sein du syndrome métabolique au niveau mondial
Involvement of maternal metabolic disorders in fetal programming of metabolic, hepatic and vascular functions in offspring.
No full textL’exposition in utero à des pathologies métaboliques maternelles aboutit à une programmation foetale favorisant la survenue de pathologies métabolique, vasculaire et hépatique pour la descendance. Les travaux exposés dans ce manuscrits intéressent à la programmation foetale induite par deux types de pathologies métaboliques maternelles : l’obésité et le diabète. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence que l’obésité maternelle induisait une programmation foetale directe de la fonction vasculaire de la descendance et ce indépendamment des anomalies métaboliques. De plus, nous avons montré que la perturbation de l’alimentation périnatale, bien que ne modifiant pas la programmation foetale de la fonction vasculaire, conduit à la survenue précoce d’anomalies métaboliques dans la descendance de mère obèse. A court terme, la chirurgie bariatrique n’est pas suffisante pour contrer la programmation foetale des fonctions métabolique et vasculaire décrites pour la descendance de mère obèse. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la programmation foetale des anomalies vasculaires de la descendance de mère diabétique pouvait être transmise de la génération F1 à la génération F2. Finalement, nous avons mis en avant l’importance du dimorphisme sexuel dans la programmation foetale de la fonction vasculaire. Ces résultats démontrent que les maladies vasculaires (hypertension artérielle) et métabolique (obésité, diabète) ne sont pas des maladies exclusivement comportementales mais sont des maladies pouvant trouver leur origine durant la vie foetale et être transmises sur plusieurs générations, contribuant à expliquer la forte augmentation de la prévalence de ces pathologies regroupées au sein du syndrome métabolique au niveau mondial.In utero exposure to maternal metabolic pathologies leads to fetal programming, which increases the occurrence of metabolic, vascular and hepatic diseases in offspring. In this thesis, we focused on fetal programming induced by two types of maternal metabolic dysfunctions : obesity and diabetes. We highlighted that maternal obesity induced direct fetal programming of the vascular function in offspring regardless of metabolic disorders. In addition, we showed that disruption of perinatal nutrition leads to the early occurrence of metabolic disorders in offspring of obese mothers, without modifying the fetal programming of vascular function. Bariatric surgery doesn’t seem tobe able to reverse fetal programming of metabolic and vascular functions as described in obese mothers offspring. We also showed that fetal programming of vascular dysfunction of diabetic mother’s offspring can be transmitted from the F1 to the F2 generation. Finally, we highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphism in the fetal programming of vascular function. These results demonstrate that vascular (arterial hypertension) and metabolic (obesity, diabetes) diseases are not exclusively behavioral diseases but can also have a fetal life origin. They can be transmitted over several generations, thus contributing to explain the worldwide spread of obesity and associated metabolic disorders
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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