105,743 research outputs found
Holothuria (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa subsp. enodis Miller and Pawson 1979
No full textHolothuria (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa enodis Miller and Pawson, 1979 Figure 33 Holothuria (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa enodis Miller & Pawson, 1979: 912. Material examined. USNM E 22849, Florida, off E coast, 29 ° 30 'N, 80 ° 11 'W, R/V Combat, Sta 489, August 19,1957, 137m, 3. USNM E 26373, Florida, off E coast, 27 ° 32 ’ 48 ”N, 79 ° 58 ’ 48 ”W, Johnson Sea, Sta 1429, August 15, 1977, 75m. USNM E 29627, off N.C., 33 ° 48 ’ 48 ”N, 76 ° 34 ’ 24 ”W, R/VEastward, Sta OS05, March 4, 1981, 64m. USNM E 32251, off N.C., 33 ° 48 ’ 12 ”N, 76 ° 34 ’ 24 ”W, R/VDan Moore, Sta OS05, May 14, 1981, 116m. USNM E 34097, Florida, 54 Miles E, 29 ° 50 'N, 80 ° 14 'W, R/V Delaware II, Sta 146, April 27, 1983, 135.4m. SERTC 1042, off Anastasia Island, FL, 29 º52.24'N, 80 º16.94'W, 60 m, coll. MRRI Staff, August 31 2004. Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, flattened ventrally, up to 50 cm long. Dorsally light to very dark brown with 2 longitudinal rows of 5–10 pairs of conspicuous dark brown blotches approximately 7–10 mm in diameter; ventrally usually white to light tan. Tables (45–100 µm) with slightly dentate to smooth discs, and buttons (45–105 µm) present, the latter irregular, often incomplete, but seldom strongly contorted. Rods in tentacles with minute spines, often confined to extremities Distribution. NC to E and W FL, southwest Cuba, Bahamas. Habitat. Soft sediments around Oculina reefs. 69– 466 m. Remarks. The species H. (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa is amphi-Atlantic; in the eastern Atlantic it is known from the Azores and West Africa (Miller and Pawson, 1979). The subspecies H. (V.) lentiginosa lentiginosa appears to be restricted to the western Atlantic.Published as part of Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A., 2010, A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2449 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19513
Heteromolpadia joyceae Pawson & Vance, 2007, new species
No full textHeteromolpadia joyceae, new species Figure 1 A–F Molpadia ? n.sp. Pawson, 1965 a: 13; 1977: 98. Diagnosis: Body gray, typically with very numerous reddish spots approximately 1 mm in diameter. Body wall ossicles in young specimens three-armed anchor plates, anchors, and three-pillared tables 100 µm in average diameter with three larger perforations and often three additional smaller perforations. Body wall ossicles almost completely disappear as individuals grow. Tables in tail approximately 300 Μm long, with 15–20 perforations. Material Examined: HOLOTYPE, Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand, NZOI Station Z 9005, 21 January 1998, 37 °37.00’S– 37 °39.00’S, 176 °48.49’E – 176 °44.73’E, 360–367m, 1 specimen. PARATYPES, 17 specimens: NZOI Station Z 8999, 20 January 1998, 37 °36.79’S– 38 °47.00’S, 177 °12.10’E – 177 °12.90’E, 460– 467m, 5 specimens. NZOI Station Z 9008, 22 January 1998, 37 °09.87’S– 37 °12.67’S, 176 °21.73’E – 176 °22.96’E, 518–536m, 9 specimens. NMNZ Station BS 754, 23 January 1979, 37 °08.8’S 176 °21.8’E to 37 °09.4’S 176 °23.8’E, 512–632m, mud, 1 specimen. NMNZ Station BS 772, 27 January 1979, 39 °17.2’S 178 °12.7’E to 39 °19.3’S 178 °11.3’E, 258–306m, mud, 2 specimens. Additional material: 67 specimens from 16 NZOI stations. Description: Specimens typical of the Family Molpadiidae, although the tail is relatively long, occupying 17–30 % of the total length of the body. Holotype (Figure 1 A) 86mm in total length, of which the tail occupies 16mm. In all specimens, total length is 48–120 mm. Body wall smooth to touch, thin, but tough and leathery. Color in alcohol gray to dirty white, with very numerous light to dark red irregularly shaped spots (Figure 1 A), which are aggregations of phosphatic deposits, each spot approximately 1mm in diameter. Spots closely aggregated towards anterior end of body, more scattered posteriorly. Tail grayish-white, lacking red spots. Oral disk typical, with 15 tentacles, the disk diameter approximately 10 % of body length. In a 90mm long Paratype, calcareous ring with interradial pieces 5mm high, radial pieces 7mm high, of which relatively short posterior projections occupy 2mm. Posterior projections with narrow notch 0.5mm deep. Polian vesicle single. Stone canal in mid-dorsal interradius whitish, approximately 7 mm long, madreporite approximately spherical, 0.5mm in diameter. Pore canal 1mm long extends from madreporite to attach to mid-dorsal body wall. Pore canal opens to exterior in an area distinguished by a bare gray patch approximately 10mm posterior to oral disk. Gonad with few branches, genital duct opens to exterior in middorsal interradius, 1mm posterior to oral disk. Gonad without ossicles. Course of intestine, and respiratory trees, typical. Body wall in all specimens contains primarily clusters of phosphatic deposits (Figure 1 B), derived from dissolution of calcareous ossicles. Rare remaining fragments of ossicles (Figures 1 C–D) indicate that young specimens of this species carry in their body wall single anchor-plates that are apparently three-armed, along with typical molpadiid anchors. Fragments show that three-pillared tables of 100 µm average diameter with three major perforations and often three smaller perforations are scattered in the body wall. Tail contains spired tables (Figure 1 E–F) of average length 300 µm, with an oval central area with 15–20 perforations, and two rod-like extensions, usually imperforate. The three-pillared spire averages 60 ìm in height. Distribution: Off the east coast of the North Island, and the northeast coast of the South Island, and the Chatham Rise, in 258–632 meters. Apparently this species is confined to the bathyal zone. Ecology: Like all other molpadiids, prefers mud substrates. In all specimens, the intestine is packed with mud. Etymology: It is our pleasure to name this species for Mrs. Joyce McCullough of China Grove, North Carolina, as a small token of appreciation of her untiring, endlessly cheerful, volunteer assistance in the field and in the laboratory over the past several years. Remarks: Pawson (1965 a) suspected that the two specimens he named “ Molpadia ? n.sp. ” represented a new species, but noted that more material was needed in order to properly characterize the species. The abundant material now available confirms the validity of this new taxon. In having single three-armed anchor plates in the body wall, this species falls into the genus Heteromolpadia Pawson, 1963. From the Indonesian species H. tridens (Sluiter, 1901), H. joyceae differs in possessing spired tables in the body wall. Furthermore, in H. tridens the three-armed ossicles and anchors are retained to some extent as the animal grows, and apparently do not undergo extensive dissolution. H. joyceae differs from the other New Zealand congeners H. marenzelleri (Théel, 1886) and H. pikei Pawson, 1965 b, in the nature of the ossicles in the tail; these are generally larger in H. joyceae, with far more numerous perforations (see key above).Published as part of Pawson, David L. & Vance, Doris J., 2007, Heteromolpadia joyceae, a new species of sea cucumber from New Zealand, with a key to New Zealand Molpadiidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadiida), pp. 35-39 in Zootaxa 1608 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27393
Social housing strategies, financing mechanisms and outcomes
Get PDFThis review provides a brief update of developments in social housing policies and national strategies in a cross‐section of developed countries since 2007. The countries included in the review are: Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden (described collectively as European countries) and the United States of America. The time‐frame for this exercise is largely influenced by timing of the global economic downturn and credit crisis which has, in many countries, prompted fundamental policy shifts. With this in mind, the next part of this introductory chapter highlights some of the key features of the post‐2007 economic context for housing policy.
In selecting countries for inclusion in the review we have aimed to encompass a diversity of national social housing systems in countries with broadly similar economic and social profiles to Australia. Jurisdictions included are those where one or more of the contributing authors have direct knowledge of the social housing system and have recently conducted research on aspects of housing policy.
The review has been commissioned by Housing NSW to provide background information for the ongoing development of The Housing Strategy for New South Wales. It builds on and extends research funded by the City Futures Research Centre (UNSW), the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) and OTB TU Delft which is published in the following conference papers and reports: Lawson, Gilmour and Milligan (2010); Lawson (2009); Lawson and Milligan (2007); Milligan and Lawson (2008); Lawson and Nieboer (2009); Lawson, Berry, Yates and Milligan (2009); Milligan, Gurran, Lawson, Phibbs and Phillips (2009); and Hulse, Milligan and Easthope (2011). The report also draws on the UK Housing Review (Pawson & Wilcox, 2011 and forthcoming 2012) and on recently published material available online compiled by various research and sector organisations in a range of countries.
The report was prepared for Housing NSW, Department of Families and Communities, NSW Government in December 2011 and has been recently release
Euthyonidiella trita Sluiter 1910
No full textEuthyonidiella trita (Sluiter, 1910) Figure 14 Thyone trita Sluiter, 1910: 339, fig. Ea–c. Phyllophorus tritus.— Deichmann 1930: 147, pl. 18, figs. 4–8. Euthyonidiella trita.— Hendler, et al, 1995: 267, figs 146, 181 G, H. Material examined. None. Diagnosis. A tiny species, up to 3cm in length. Color violet to gray. Numerous cylindrical tube feet scattered over entire body. 18 tentacles of 2 distinct sizes surround mouth. Body wall ossicles oblong tables (up to 70 μm) with irregular margins. Most tables have 4 large disk perforations, but a few have 1 to 4 smaller additional holes. Short spires composed of 2 pillars, each ending in several small spines. Distribution. NC to E and W FL, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean. Habitat. Near the shoreline, under rocks, and in tidal pools. Littoral; low-tide mark to 4m. Remarks. This is typically a shallow-water species. A single specimen from a depth of 100 m from off North Carolina (USNM E 16418) was identified by DLP as Euthyonidiella sp. aff. Trita, but it could not be referred with any confidence to trita. This species has large eggs, 0.5 mm in diameter (Hendler et al., 1995).Published as part of Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A., 2010, A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2449 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19513
Actinopyga agassizii Selenka 1867
No full textActinopyga agassizii (Selenka, 1867) Figure 6 e, 28 Mülleria Agassizii Selenka, 1867: 311. Actinopyga agassizii.— Hendler et al., 1995: 282 –284, figs 157, 180 G,H,I. Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Adult specimens reach 350mm in length. Color variable, from yellowish to brownish, often mottled. The body wall is thick and leathery. The ventrally positioned mouth is surrounded by 20–30 large, peltate tentacles, which often are extended. There are 5 conspicuous, white, calcareus teeth surrounding the anus. Body wall ossicles are rosettelike elements (30–70 μm long), which vary from simple “dog biscuit” shapes to complex rods with dichotomously branched ends. Distribution. SC to S FL, Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Belize, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Barbados. Habitat. Coral reef, rocky areas, seagrass beds, on sandy bottoms of lagoons in 0– 54m. Remarks. This large tropical/subtropical species is apparently not common in the northern part of the South Atlantic Bight.Published as part of Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A., 2010, A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2449 on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19513
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka 1867
No full textHolothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 Figure 29 Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea.—Hendler et al.: 287, figs 160, 184 A–H. Material examined. USNM E 21378, Florida, Cape Canaveral, 28 ° 13 'N, 80 ° 36 'W,, Sta FLA# 15, June 30, 1965, 2m. Diagnosis. This species can reach a length of 25cm. The striking, harlequin colors, with bright red and yellow tints, are distinctive. The mouth is directed slightly downward, with 20–25 bushy peltate tentacles. The body wall ossicles, tables (up to 60 μm) with about 12 marginal spines on the disk, are scattered. There is also an inner layer of plates (50 μm) with 2 or 4 central holes, and the margins of the plates are equipped with blunt teeth. Distribution. N FL, TX, Gulf of Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Brazil, Jamaica, West Africa, Venezuela, Ascension. Habitat. Seagrass flats, sandy bottoms. Littoral. Remarks. This species uses its numerous tube feet to gain a tenacious grip on hard substrates. As a consequence it may be found in shallow water, where wave action apparently does not present problems.Published as part of Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A., 2010, A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2449 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19513
Back of Abbey and lawn
No full textPhotograph by Mr. H. Hunwick during tenancy of Pawson & Leaf4⅛x3⅛ in., black & whit
Astrocyclus somaliensis Baker & Okanishi & Pawson 2018, sp. nov.
No full textAstrocyclus somaliensis sp. nov. (Figs. 17A–C, 18–21) Material Examined. Holotype: USNM 1411388 Anton Bruun station 9–463, 11˚ 24’ N, 51˚ 35’ E, 75–175 m, 18 December 1964, off the north-eastern coast of Somalia, 1 specimen, disc diameter 27 mm (Fig. 16). Paratypes: USNM 1422067, same locality data as holotype, 3 specimens, disc diameter 24, 16 and 10 mm. Etymology. The specific name refers to the collection locality. Diagnosis. Astrocyclus with aboral surface of disc depressed centrally, radial shields converging at center. Radial shields partly covered with more or less continuous transverse thin white lines made up of closely packed granules (6–8/mm), which loop over the shields and partly extend into the inter-shield and interradial areas. Description of the holotype. External morphology. The disc five-lobed, 27 mm in disc diameter, with arms at least 115 mm long (Fig. 17A–B). The disc markedly depressed centrally (Fig. 18A); narrow, raised, radial shields converging there (Fig. 18A–B). The entire aboral surface, including the area between each of the radial shields, covered with evenly spaced low granules (Fig. 18A–B). The radial shields partly covered with more or less continuous transverse white lines made up of microscopic, closely packed granules (6–8/mm), which loop over the radial shields, with some partly extending into the inter-shield and inter-radial areas of the disc. The arm segments are conspicuously ringed laterally and aborally by narrow bands of microscopic granules, mostly in two rows, which stand out from the surface (Fig. 19B–D). There are two, then three, small arm spines with hyaline tips per segment (Fig. 18D–F). The distalmost arm segments have girdle bands, with strongly curved hyaline hooklets (Fig. 19D). The oral surface of the arms and disc are covered with evenly spaced granules, and there is one madreporite in each of the five interradial disc areas, jaws entirely covered by spiniform teeth and oral papillae (Fig. 18C). Ossicle morphology. All vertebrae with hourglass-shaped streptospondylous articulations (Fig. 20C–D, G–H). Surfaces of lateral and aboral furrows smooth, without ornamentations (Fig. 20A–B, E–F). Depressions for tube feet openings in the distal part of oral-lateral side of vertebrae (Fig. 20A, F). A pair of radial water and nerve canals opening on the oral groove of vertebrae on basal portion of the arm (Fig. 20A) but radial nerve canals invisible on distal portion of the arm (Fig. 20F). Lateral arm plates long, bar-like, with straight basal edge and concave distal edge (Fig. 20I –J). On basal portion of arm, perforation invisible on aboral side and pairs of simple nerve openings on oral-external side (Figs. 20J, 21A). Hooklet-bearing plates possessing tubercle-shaped articulations for hooklets, approximately 7 on distal portion of the arm (Fig. 21B). The articulations forming two parallel rows (Fig. 21B). Each hooklet without inner teeth (Fig. 21G–H). Arm spines in the basal portion of the arm ovoid, with one or two secondary points (Fig. 21D–E). In the distal portion, the arm spines transformed into hooks with one inner teeth (Fig. 21F). The hook-shaped arm spines distinguished from hooklets on aboral and lateral surface of the arm by lacking reticular structure (Fig. 21F–H). Variation. In the smallest specimen (USNM 1422067, dd. 10 mm), the entire area between the shields is covered with transverse lines. This feature differs from that in the Brazilian samples described and illustrated by Gondim et al (2014), where between each radial shield there are 6–7 discrete groups of granules running in line with the shields (Fig. 17D). In the two larger specimens (USNM 1411388, dd. 27 mm; USNM 142 2067, dd. 24 mm), a few of these lines of granules extend between the shields. Remarks. As all four examined specimens from the Indian Ocean have similar disc and radial shield coverings which differ markedly from the western Atlantic specimens, we consider that they represent a separate taxon, which we here establish as a new species. The arms bifurcate at least 15 times, the first branch within the diameter of the disc, and the second at the distal end of the radial shields (Fig. 17A–B). Astrocyclus caecilia has been recorded from the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico (type locality), and from northeastern Brazil by Gondim et al. (2014), who have illustrated the species extensively. The vast geographical separation of the type species and the Somalian form, plus the obvious morphological difference in the covering of the radial shields and their interradial aboral areas, indicate that a new species, Astrocyclus somaliensis sp. nov. should be erected for this Somalian form.Published as part of Baker, Alan N., Okanishi, Masanori & Pawson, David L., 2018, Euryalid brittle stars from the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1963 - 64 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalida), pp. 1-27 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/119443
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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