1,720,956 research outputs found
Application of air displacement plethysmography to the study of body composition in late preterm and term newborns
Full text linkBackground: nutrition in early life, growth, and subsequent health over a lifetime are significantly interrelated. Data on body composition of newborns are sparse, due to the long lasting lack of appropriate methods for body composition measurement in infancy.
Methods: we analyzed body composition (fat mass, fat free mass) by means of air displacement plethysmography at birth, during the physiological weight loss and in early life up to 3 months of age in 5 categories of newborns: term appropriate for gestational age (AGA), late preterm, small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) and twins.
Results: AGA infants resulted to have a similar body composition than those of another Northern Italian population at birth and their % fat mass increased significantly from birth to 3 months of age. During the physiological weight loss, fat free mass was the compartment mostly affected, and this was reproduced in all categories of babies. No difference emerged in body composition between babies born from vaginal delivery or caesarean section or between boys and girls. Late preterm infants, although leaner at birth, resulted to be have a higher fat mass content than term infants at term-equivalent age. SGA infants were smaller and with less fat mass at birth but gained more fat than both AGA and LGA infants in the first month of life. Conversely, LGA infants had a higher fat content at birth but did not differ from AGA infants at one month of life. Body composition of AGA and SGA twins did not differ from that of AGA and SGA singletons, respectively, at birth or in the first three months of life.
Conclusions: the application of a novel method for body composition measurement in term and late preterm infants provided novel insights into the study of normal values of body composition in newborns at birth and in early life and of how these components are modified by different patterns of fetal growth and neonatal characteristics. These notions may constitute the basis for the elaboration of individualized feeding strategies aimed at a balanced growth of the various body components, with the final perspective of optimizing the infants’ chances of a better later health.Introduzione: la nutrizione dei primi mesi di vita, la crescita e la salute nelle età successive sono elementi strettamente correlati. I dati sulla composizione corporea dei neonati sono scarsi, a causa della mancanza per lungo tempo di metodi appropriati alla misurazione della composizione corporea nella popolazione neonatale.
Metodi: è stata analizzata la composizione corporea (massa grassa, massa magra) mediante pletismografia ad aria alla nascita, durante il fisiologico calo ponderale e nelle prime settimane di vita fino ai 3 mesi in 5 categorie di neonati: neonati a termine di peso appropriato alla nascita (AGA), neonati "late preterm", neonati di peso basso (SGA) e di peso alto per età gestazionale (LGA) e neonati da gravidanza gemellare.
Risultati: i neonati a termine AGA sono risultati avere una composizione corporea alla nascita paragonabile a quella riportata in un’altra popolazione neonatale del Nord Italia. La percentuale di massa grassa è aumentata nei primi mesi di vita. Durante il calo ponderale fisiologico, la massa magra è stato il compartimento maggiormente interessato dal calo, e questo risultato è stato riscontrato in tutte le categorie di neonati analizzati. Non è stata riscontrata alcuna differenza nella composizione corporea dei neonati nati da cesareo o da parto vaginale. I neonati "late preterm", nonostante risultassero più magri alla nascita, sono risultati avere significativamente più massa grassa dei neonati a termine a comparabile età post-menstruale. I neonati SGA erano più piccoli e con meno massa grassa alla nascita, ma successivamente la loro massa grassa è andata incontro a un incremento più marcato di quella dei neonati AGA e LGA nel primo mese di vita. Invece i neonati LGA sono risultati avere un maggior contenuto di grasso alla nascita, ma questa differenza non è stata più riscontrata rispetto ai neonati AGA a un mese di vita. I neonati da gravidanza gemellare, AGA e SGA, sono risultati avere la stessa composizione corporea alla nascita e nelle età successive dei neonati singoli rispettivamente AGA e SGA.
Conclusione: l’utilizzo di un nuovo metodo per la misurazione della composizione corporea in neonati a termine e "late preterm" ha fornito novità riguardanti i valori normali della composizione corporea nei neonati alla nascita e nei primi mesi di vita e di come essi si modificano in caso di diversi percorsi di crescita fetali e di diverse caratteristiche neonatali. Ciò potrà costituire la base per elaborare strategie di alimentazione personalizzate che consentano una crescita bilanciata delle varie componenti corporee
Accidental dexmedetomidine overdose in preterm newborns: a report of 3 cases
No full textBackground: Dexmedetomidine use in neonatal units is increasing. Data on its safety are still limited. There are no previous reports of clinical presentation of dexmedetomidine overdose in newborns. Case presentation: Three babies simultaneously developed a similar clinical picture of recurrent apneas, a typical "gasping" breathing pattern, irritability followed by hypotonia and hyporeactivity, hyperglycaemia, hypocapnia, increase in lactates and a suppression-burst pattern on CFM/EEG. Babies required intubation and mechanical ventilation due to poor respiratory effort. Symptoms resolved completely in a few hours. Dexmedetomidine was administered enterally by a nasogastric tube in place of caffeine due to "look alike" medication error. Dexmedetomidine was retrieved in biological samples. Babies were developing regularly at post-discharge follow up visits. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine overdose due to medication error is possible in newborns and should be suspected in case of clinical presentations similar to the one we reported. Measures should be implemented in neonatal units for a safe use of dexmedetomidine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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