1,720,959 research outputs found
Nel frattempo da un'altra parte. Francesco Pavignano
No full textPresentazione delle opere di Francesco Pavignano in mostra nell'ambito dell'edizione 2019 della rassegna "Viaggio. Orizzonti, Frontiere, Generazioni", Biella, Masserano, Pettinengo 19 ottobre 2019 - 12 gennaio 2020
Il pensiero visivo e l’architettura: una possibile sperimentazione
Full text linkNell’ambito della Percezione del mondo che ci circonda, il concetto di Pensiero Visivo si origina dal contrasto tra due termini relativi: la cognizione mentale e la percezione visiva.
Possiamo considerare questa tipologia di Pensiero allo stesso tempo come generatore ed esito di quei modelli mentali che, anche grazie alle loro funzioni, possono essere capaci di «restituire l’architettura al suo compito millenario: l’elaborazione materiale e simbolica dello spazio vitale dell’uomo».
È possibile trovare molteplici e differenti definizioni del Pensiero Visivo: storiche, clinico-scientifiche e neuro-scientifiche, antropologiche, fenomenologiche e anche metaforiche.
In questa direzione, Rudolf Arnheim (1904-2007) contribuì con i propri studi e con le sue idee originali. Egli diede seguito a numerosi e affascinanti studi su: Pensiero Visuale, Psicologia dell’Arte, Dinamica della Forma Architettonica e Potere del Centro. Lo studio dei suoi contributi permette di far emergere il ruolo della Visione come parametro del progetto architettonico e artistico. Nel sostenere che «chi poco vede niente pensa», l’architetto Filippo Juvarra intendeva sottolineare come l’uomo non potesse intrattenere relazioni interattive, conscie e costruttive con il mondo intorno a senza lasciarsi guidare in primo luogo dalla propria Visione.
Il contributo si propone di applicare alcune delle teorie di Arnheim sulla Visione, come elaborate in particolare ne il Potere del Centro e ne La Dinamica della Forma Architettonica, attraverso una rivisitazione critica di alcuni disegni di Filippo Juvarra (senza dimenticare che l’architetto è tuttora ampiamente conosciuto per il suo particolare approccio tra il valore di indicazione progettuale e la funzione concettuale dei suoi schizzi e disegni)
Visualizing Geometry: Examples from Some Treatises on Military Architecture Between the 15th and 17th Centuries
No full textThe contribution highlights some findings regarding the methods of visual representation of geometry presented in some treatises on military architecture elaborated between the 15th and 17th centuries in the European context. To achieve its goals, the paper proposes a first survey of the visual storytelling methods of geometry. We analyse the examples of Giorgio Martini, Dürer, Cataneo, de’ Lanteri, Maggi and Castriotto, Aconcio, Lorini and de Ville. Based on the example of Ostwald and Williams [2015] our research recalls three different declinations of geometry ‘for’, ‘in’ and ‘of’ fortifications. In this sense, we present geometry as one of the close ties that unite the disciplines of architecture and mathematics, while recalling the concept of representation as that set of graphic-textual operations (analogue and/or digital) which make it possible to reveal to the observer’s eye the visual structures of the two disciplines. By mean of representation, geometry emerges as one of the most important transversal links between mathematics and architecture
Representing Geometry Between Graphic Constructions and Mathematical Modeling
Full text linkOur study exposes a search for specific pedagogical practices between mathematical modeling and visual thinking to support first-year Architecture to acquire spatial visualization and representation skills and abilities by exploiting the connections between mathematics and architecture. For this purpose, in our Architectural Drawing and Survey Laboratory, activities were designed, discussed and validated by various critical reading tools across the disciplinary fields involved: designing and building objects that have certain properties and that satisfy certain specifications, such as the construction of a graphic representation 2D of a 3D object, has been described by mathematical education scholars as a particular type of mathematical modeling process and by architects as a process of developing spatial prefiguration skills and visual thinking. The analysed case study, the different possible plane sections of cones and cylinders, allows us to discuss the difficulties in learning the relationships between theoretical and/or analytical information, 2D and/or 3D representations, physical and/or digital modeling, as well as to introduce the concept of rigour from the mathematical and drawing point of view. Moments of assessment and interaction have led to highlighting not only the strong link between synthetic and analytical treatment, between object and representation, but also the need to formally structure the monitoring/tutoring activities to support each of the students, so that they can become part of the community in formation
Teaching Geometry and Surfaces Evaluation Through Graphic Representation and Dynamic Paper Models
Full text linkTo make the geometrical cognitive process more interactive, we produced teaching aids (tangible models, graphic tablets) that help students in visualiz-ing their geometrical-analytical investigations of the architectural artifacts and enhance their spatial prefiguration and critical form-reading skills, three-dimensional thinking and geometrical reading of shapes. Then, we looked for a medium suitable to create simple three-dimensional models, not only observable, like virtual models, not only tangible, like physical models pro-posed in the design studios, but also dynamic, using multiple media and lan-guages in the same training message.
As an example, we present here an interdisciplinary lesson between Cal-culus and Architectural Drawing and Survey Laboratory about developable surfaces, experimented on first year students of the bachelor program in Ar-chitecture. The lesson is based on the use of a graphic tablet and some ori-gami inspired models: it summarizes the geometric description of a pyramid and a cloister vault of equal height and equal orthographic projection on the horizontal plane.
We saw that tackling the same topic in both teaching contexts is not a use-less overlap, but a stimulus to compare different languages and methods. 2D and 3D paper models of artifacts – and of projective reduction from 3D to the plane – aid spatial intuition and the subtle exercise of controlling mental images which replace artifacts, turning 3D configurations into signifying im-ages. Moreover, this experience stimulates reading and evaluation of the drawn geometry (ruled surfaces, projections, developments), increasing criti-cal sense in reading the built environmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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