685 research outputs found
Particle motion in Stokes flow near a plane fluid-fluid interface. Part 1. Slender body in a quiescent fluid.
No full textConsiders translation and rotation, each in three mutually orthogonal directions, thus determining the components of the hydrodynamic resistance tensors which relate the total hydrodynamic force and torque on the particle to its translational and angular velocities for a completely arbitrary translational and angular motion. Calculates trajectories for a freely rotating particle under the action of an applied force either normal or parallel to a flat interface.-from Author
Particle motion in Stokes flow near a plane fluid-fluid interface. Part 2. Linear shear and axisymmetric straining flows.
No full textConsiders the motion of a sphere or a slender body in the presence of a plane fluid-fluid interface with an arbitrary viscosity ratio, when the fluids undergo a linear undisturbed flow. Determines the motion of a neutrally buoyant particle freely suspended in the flow. The theory yields general trajectory equations for an arbitrary viscosity ratio. Among the most interesting results for motion of slender bodies is the generalization of the Jeffrey orbit equations for linear simple shear flow. -from Author
Powertrain Mounting Development Based On Computational Simulation And Experimental Verification Method
No full textThis paper presents a method applied in the development of an optimized transmission rubber mount of a midsize Diesel pickup. The focus of this optimization were to improve the vibration insulation and consequently improve the NVH (Noise and Vibration Harshness) quality of the vehicle. The paper describes the basic mounting design and manufacturing constrains, the simulation modeling basis, inputs required to perform the computational simulation, the experimental method used to extract the center of gravity and rotational inertia of the powertrain and a general mounting tuning strategy. The mounting dynamic simulation results for the optimized version is also presented compared to the original one. In order to quantify the noise and vibration improvements, the internal noise and vibration transmissibility levels were measured and compared in percentile reduction basis to current vehicle levels Copyright © 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Stuecklschwaiger, W., Ronacher, A., Optimization of Engine Mount Parameters by Simulation and Statistic Techniques (1994) European ADAMS Users ConferenceZavala, P.A.G., Pavanello, R., Vibro-Acoustic Modeling of Vehicle Interiors and Exteriors Using the Finite Element Method (1998) SAE Brazil CongressPinto, M.G., Nogueira, F., Siqueira, L.P., Development of a Simplified Procedure for the Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Heavy Trucks Engine Mounting Systems and Their Effect on Comfort and NVH (1999) SAE Brazil CongressMeriam, J.L., Kraige, L.G., (1987) Dynamics - Engineering Mechanics - Volume II, , Second Edition, John Wiley and Son
Experimental And Computational Simulation Approaches For Engine Mounting Development And Certification
No full textThe Noise and Vibration Harshness (NVH) quality is an important customer and benchmark requirement in automotive industry products. The NVH improvement, applied in new projects, is a compromise of cost, performance and time to launch new products. The later trend has been minimized with efforts of computational simulation in the design verification phase. A precise method used for the determination of mass, center of gravity and rotational inertia, allows the engineer to simulate virtual arrangement of mounts before building prototypes. This dynamic simulation of the power train assembly extracts the first six natural frequencies and could be used for mode decoupling. All this systematic evaluations must comply with customers and design requirements. This paper describes the steps of mounting mechanical properties determination and summarizes the main tests used for evaluation of durability, certification and NVH characteristics. Copyright © 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Stuecklschwaiger, W., Ronacher, A., Optimization of Engine Mount Parameters by Simulation and statistic Techniques (1994) European ADAMS Users ConferenceZavala, P.A.G., Pavanello, R., Vibro-Acoustic Modeling of Vehicle Interiors and Exteriors Using the Finite Element Method (1998) SAE Brazil CongressPinto, M.G., Nogueira, F., Siqueira, L.P., Development of a Simplified Procedure for the Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Heavy Trucks Engine Mounting Systems and Their Effect on Comfort and NVH (1999) SAE Brazil CongressMeriam, J.L., Kraige, L.G., (1987) Dynamics - Engineering Mechanics - Volume II, , Second Edition, John Wiley and Son
Production Of Butanol And Other High Valued Chemicals Using Ethanol As Feedstock Integrated To A First And Second Generation Sugarcane Distillery
No full textProduction of chemicals and second generation ethanol from lignocellulosic material integrated to first generation sugarcane biorefineries presents potential for industrial implementation, since significant part of the infrastructure may be shared between both first and second generation plants. Additionally, chemicals from renewable resources have attracted increasing attention, mainly for their market prices (usually higher than commodities as biofuels) and potential for replacing oil-based products used as feedstock in the chemical industry. The production of chemicals through the alcoholchemistry route uses catalysts to convert ethanol into desired products according to catalysts activity and selectivity. One of the possibilities in the alcoholchemistry route is to use ethanol to produce n-butanol that can be sold as feedstock for the chemical industry and as drop-in biofuel for gasoline powered engines. Due to catalyst selectivity, this process generates also other chemicals, which can be purified to be sold as feedstock for the chemical industry. Previous studies have pointed out that the use of ethanol in a biorefinery to produce n-butanol presents good economic and environmental impacts. Nevertheless, results obtained for the economic return of the n-butanol biorefinery compared to autonomous ethanol plants were very similar, which can be unattractive for investors dealing with the high risks involved in a novel biorefinery process. In this work, the possibility of enhancing the financial and environmental impacts of n-butanol and other high value chemicals production integrated to a second generation sugarcane biorefinery is explored. Computer simulation is used to quantify the influence of technical parameters, including down-stream operations required to separate coproducts, adding value to the mix of products and commercial flexibility. Risk analysis is used to evaluate uncertain parameters such as the investments in n-butanol and second generation ethanol plants and the market prices assumed for the new products. Results obtained show that production of n-butanol and other high valued chemicals integrated to a first and second generation sugarcane biorefinery could be an economically and environmentally attractive alternative. However, the financial risk involved is high and hugely dependent on the selling prices of the new products of the portfolio investigated in this work, mainly n-butanol. Copyright © 2014,AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.37805810Biorefinery (VSB): 2011 Report. Campinas, São Paulo: Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Technological Assessment Program (PAT), Internal Report. <goo.gl/x1Ach. Accessed 12.12.2013Cardoso, T., Cavalett, O., Chagas, M.F., Morais, E.R., Carvalho, J.L.N., Franco, H.C.J., Galdos, M.V., Bonomi, A., Technical and economic assessment of trash recovery in the sugarcane bioenergy production system (2013) Scientia agricola, (70), pp. 353-360Carvalho, D.L., Avillez, R.R., De Rodrigues, M.T., Borges, L.E.P., Appel, L.G., Mg and al mixed oxides and the synthesis of n-butanol from ethanol (2012) Appl. Catal. A: Gen, 415-416, pp. 96-100(2013) Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics. <, , www.cepea.esalq.usp.br, CEPEA, Accessed 11.03.2013(2009) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation, , CGEE Bioethanol fuel: an oportunity for Brazil (in Portuguese). CGEE, BrasíliaChistyakov, A.V., Murzin, V.Y., Gubanov, M.A., Tsodikov, M.V., Pd-zn containing catalysts for ethanol conversion towards hydrocarbons (2013) Chemical Engineering Transactions, (32), pp. 619-624. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1332104Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Integrated versus stand-Alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash (2012) Bioresour. Technol, (103), pp. 152-161Dias, M.O.S., Pereira, L.G., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock -part i: Integration to a first generation sugarcane distillery (2013) Accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design -Special Issue: Green ProcessesDias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Rossell, C.E.V., Bonomi, A., Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des, , DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.009Downson, G.R.M., Haddow, M.F., Lee, J., Wingad, R.L., Wass, D.F., Catalytic conversion of ethanol into an advanced biofuel: Unprecedented selectivity for n-butanol (2013) Angew. Chem. Int, (52), pp. 9005-9008(2013) Company of Research on Energy. Price of renewable energy from sugarcane, , http://www.epe.gov.br/imprensa/PressReleases/20131213-1.pdf, EPE Sao Paulo, Brazil. Accessed 03.06.2014Guinée, J.B., Gorrée, M., Heijungs, R., Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., Koning, A., De Oers, L., Van Huijbregts, M.A.J., (2002) Handbook on life cycle assessment: Operational guide to the ISO standards, 9. , Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 692 pp, ISBN 1-4020-0228Humbird, D., Davis, R., Tao, L., Kinchin, C., Hsu, D., Aden, A., Schoen, P., Dudgeon, D., (2011) Process Design And Economics For Biochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol -Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Corn Stover, , www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/47764.pdf, Technical Report NRELTP-5100-47764, Golden, Colorado, USA, NREL, 136 pp.Accessed 03.06.2014(2012) Indicative Chemical Prices: 1-Hexanol. <, , www.icis.com/chemicals/channel-info-chemicals-Az/, ICIS, Accessed 11.28.2013(2006) Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -Requirements and guidelines, The International Organization for Standardization, 46. , http://aliceweb.mdic.gov.br/, ISO 14044, Geneva, Switzerland, MDIC, 2013 Brazilian Ministry of Development Industry and Commerce Aliceweb FOB Prices for nbutanol Brasilia DF Brazil Accessed 03.06.2014Pereira, L.G., Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., (2013) Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock -Part II: Integration to a second generation sugarcane distillery, , Accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design -Special Issue: Green ProcessesRiittonen, T., Toukoniitty, E., Madnani, D.K., Leino, A.-R., Kordas, K., Szabo, M., Sapi, A., Mikkola, J.-P., One-pot liquid-phase catalytic conversion of ethanol to 1-butanol over aluminium oxide - The effect of the active metal on the selectivity (2012) J. Catal, (2), pp. 68-84Sannino, D., Vaiano, V., Ciambelli, P., Photocatalytic synthesis of acetaldehyde by selective oxidation of ethanol on ruox-vox/tio2 (2013) Chemical Engineering Transactions, (32), pp. 625-630. , DOI: 10.3303/CET2105Union of Biofuel Producers. Technical report on Sugarcane prices -2013, 2013. , http://www.udop.com.br/, UDOP, , Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. Accessed 03.06.2014(2013) Selected product categories: Butanol. Price of 2-ethyl-1-butanol. <, , http://www.hexiachem.com/, Wuxi Hexia Chemical Company, Accessed 11.28.201
Correction to: Clinical Trials in High-Risk Medulloblastoma: Evolution of the SIOP-Europe HR-MB Trial (Cancers, (2022), 14, 2, (374), 10.3390/cancers14020374)
No full text\ua9 2024 by the authors.In the original publication [1], the funder Cancer Research UK, A2524 was not included. Keith Wheatley, Simon Gates, and Victoria Homer were not included as authors in the original publication. The reason we would like to add the authors is that the statistical element of the trial and the trial design were in a large part done by the statistical authors and the team were necessary for the running of the trial. The corrected Author Contributions Statement appears here. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., K.W., S.R. and S.C.C.; methodology, K.W., S.G. and V.H.; project administration, S.G. and V.H.; resources, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—review and editing, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., K.W., S.R. and S.C.C.; methodology, K.W., S.G. and V.H.; project administration, S.G. and V.H.; resources, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—review and editing, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birimingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; [email protected](K.W.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (V.H.) The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated
Manned spacecraft external thermal control using the Johnson tube heat pump
No full textIssued as Final report, Project E-25-W41Final report has author: L.G. Johnso
Agricultural Underdevelopment in Caistor Township
No full textTitle: Agricultural Underdevelopment in Caistor Township, Author: Benard W. Darnel, Location: ThodeThe purpose of this study is to describe and explain
the extent of agricultural underdevelopment in Caistor Township. Full credit for the author's incentive to investigate
this area must go to Dr. L.G. Reeds of McMaster University,
who in 1964 conducted a survey of the agricultural conditions
in the Niagara Peninsula, on the basis of which a more detailed
study of several areas, including Caistor Township, seemed
warranted. The information for this study originated from a
variety of sources. The most important of these was direct
observations in the field, which after a brief reconnaissance
survey in the early part of May, were carried out systematically
during the months of June, July, and August of 1966. Interviews
were conducted in all parts of the township, in addition
an attempt was made to interview all people in four sample
block areas. It is estimated that out of a total of 165
interviews, 90 involved the owners of "commercial farms";
other people interviewed were retired farmers, non-farming
residents, township officials, clergy men, and store owners. Field observations provided the basis for the
Land Capability Map (Fig.3), for the map showing "Quality of
Land use" (Fig. 5), while information about the distribution
of non-farm dwellings (Fig . 4) and the location of "Century
Farms" (Fig. 2) was obtained from the township office and
from a 4-H club member respectively. Other pertinent data was provided by the Dominion
Census Report for 1961, which is the most recent source of
information on farm classification, farm income, landuse,
and values of agricultural products sold. Finally, the
Soil Survey of Lincoln County, and the Physiography of
Southern Ontario proved to be useful guides in the assessment
of the physiographic conditions of the township. The methodology employed in this study was selected
so as to best facilitate the attainment of the stated objective,
but limited time for investigation and lack of sufficient
quantitative data about individual farms precluded the use
of statistical methods. The study is divided into eight chapters. Chapters
one, three and four deal exclusively with the physical conditions
and with related problems, while chapter two gives
a brief account of relevant historical factors. Chapters five
and six examine the status of agricultural development in
the township, the findings of which are evaluated in chapter
seven. The final chapter contains the summary and conclusion.ThesisBachelor of Arts (BA
Towards understanding the 3D infrasonic wavefield
No full textIn the evening of 2014, June 03, two explosions occurred at the MSPO-2 plant of Shell Moerdijk. The Cabauw infrasound array detected the infrasound generated by the blasts as two distinct signals. The distance between Shell Moerdijk and the Cabauw infrasound array is 40.5 km. This array is unique as it measures infrasound in 3D. The Fisher analysis is used to process the infrasound signals. The horizontal 2D Fisher analysis veries the infrasound source to be Shell Moerdijk, and it shows an azimuthal deviation of 2.1 caused by the influence of tropospheric crosswinds. The Shell Moerdijk explosions are used as a case study to investigate the measurement of infrasound in 3D. The frequency of the signals detected at the tower has been observed to be lower than the frequency of the signals detected at the surface. A possible reason is that the infrasound signals propagate through small pipes before reaching the tower sensors. Consequently, a reduced coherency between the tower and ground signals exists. Due to this lack of coherency, the 3D Fisher analysis was not able to perform correctly. The signature of the infrasound waveform with altitude is examined in detail, obtained by the vertical measurement of infrasound. It is showing up- and down-going waves in both explosion signals which can only be seen in the 3D vertical measurements. Ray tracing confirms the existence of these different waves. In summary, this research shows the added value of measuring infrasound in 3D.Civil Engineering and GeosciencesGeoscience & EngineeringDouble degree Applied Geophysic
Butanol Production In A Sugarcane Biorefinery Using Ethanol As Feedstock. Part Ii: Integration To A Second Generation Sugarcane Distillery
No full textProduction of second generation ethanol and other added value chemicals from sugarcane bagasse and straw integrated to first generation sugarcane biorefineries presents large potential for industrial implementation, since part of the infrastructure where first generation ethanol is produced may be shared between both plants. In this context, butanol from renewable resources has attracted increasing interest, mostly for its use as a drop in liquid biofuel for transportation, since its energy density is greater than that of ethanol, but also for its use as feedstock in the chemical industry. In this paper, vapor-phase catalytic production of butanol from first and second generation ethanol in a sugarcane biorefinery was assessed, using data available from the literature. The objective is to evaluate the potential of butanol either as fuel or feedstock for industry, taking into account economical/environmental issues through computer simulation. The results obtained show that, although promising, butanol sold as chemical has a limited market and as fuel presents economic constraints. In addition, investments on the butanol conversion plant could be an obstacle to its practical implementation. Nevertheless, environmental assessment pointed out advantages of its use as fuel for road transportation, if compared with gasoline in terms of global environmental impacts such as global warming. © 2014 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.92814521462(2013) Cost-saving measure to upgrade ethanol to butanol - a better alternative to gasoline, , http://to.ly/l7QZ, Available online at: (accessed 04.19.13), ACSAlvarado-Morales, M., Terra, J., Gernaey, K.V., Woodley, J.M., Gani, R., Biorefining: computer aided tools for sustainable design and analysis of bioethanol production (2009) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 87, pp. 1171-1183(2009) Brazilian Water Agency. 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Policy, 12, pp. 191-196Cavalett, O., Junqueira, T.L., Dias, M.O.S., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Cunha, M.P., Franco, H.C.J., Bonomi, A., Environmental and economic assessment of sugarcane first generation biorefineries in Brazil (2012) Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 14, pp. 399-410(2011) Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics, , http://www.cepea.esalq.usp.br, CEPEA, Available online at: (accessed 03.06.13)(2008) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation. Sugarcane-based Bioethanol: Energy for sustainable development, , http://goo.gl/g6mMI8, CGEE, Available online at:(accessed 07.06.13)(2009) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation. 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Des., 87, pp. 1206-1216Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash (2012) Bioresour. Technol., 103, pp. 152-161Dias, M.O.S., Modesto, M., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Maciel Filho, R., Rossell, C.E.V., Improving bioethanol production from sugarcane: evaluation of distillation, thermal integration and cogeneration systems (2011) Energy, 36, pp. 3691-3703Dias, M.O.S., Pereira, L.G., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock. Part I. integration to a first generation sugarcane distillery (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.030Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Rossell, C.E.V., Bonomi, A., Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91, pp. 1411-1417Dürre, P., Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel (2007) Biotechnol. J., 2, pp. 1525-1534Dutta, A., Phillips, S.D., (2009) Thermochemical ethanol via direct gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis of lignocellulosic biomass. Technical Report NREL/TP-510-45193Elia Neto, A., (2008) Water in the Sugarcane Industry (in Portuguese), , http://www.apta.sp.gov.br/cana/anexos/Position_paper_painel1_andre.pdf, Available online at: (accessed 06.14.13)Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Lozano, M.A., Serra, L.M., Analysis of process steam demand reduction and electricity generation in sugar and ethanol production from sugarcane (2007) Energy Convers. 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