1,076 research outputs found
Granular Flow Characterization during Sampling Operation for Enceladus Surface Acquisition
No full textA potential future mission landing on the surface of Saturn’s moon Enceladus would represent a unique opportunity to probe the content of an extra-terrestrial ocean potentially hosting life beyond Earth. The content of the subsurface ocean is continuously ejected by plumes, and some of that material settles on the surface, as observed by the Cassini mission. The goal of a potential landing mission would be of collecting and analyzing samples from the upper 1 cm of the surface, made of most recently deposited material from plume fallback. However, the low surface gravity of Enceladus (1% of Earth’s) represents a unique challenge for sample handling. This study focuses on the analysis of the novel Dual-Rasp sampling system enabling rapid sampling and collection of surface material into receptacles via momentum transfer. A numerical model based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was developed to investigate the tool-soil interaction and the resulting granular material flow while performing surface sample acquisition. A systematic process for validating the DEM simulation model is presented, including an experimental test campaign expected to be conducted in a vacuum chamber in both 1g and low-g environment
A multidisciplinary design tool for robotic systems involved in sampling operations on planetary bodies
No full textThe analysis of robotic systems (e.g. landers and rovers) involved in sampling operations on planetary bodies is crucial to
ensure mission success, since those operations generate forces that could affect the stability of the robotic system. This paper
presents MISTRAL (MultIdisciplinary deSign Tool for Robotic sAmpLing), a novel tool conceived for trade space exploration
during early conceptual and preliminary design phases, where a rapid and broad evaluation is required for a very high
number of configurations and boundary conditions. The tool rapidly determines the preliminary design envelope of a sampling
apparatus to guarantee the stability condition of the whole robotic system. The tool implements a three-dimensional analytical
model capable to reproduce several scenarios, being able to accept various input parameters, including the physical and
geometrical characteristics of the robotic system, the properties related to the environment and the characteristics related to
the sampling system. This feature can be exploited to infer multidisciplinary high-level requirements concerning several other
elements of the investigated system, such as robotic arms and footpads. The presented research focuses on the application of
MISTRAL to landers. The structure of the tool and the analysis model are presented. Results from the application of the tool
to real mission data from NASA’s Phoenix Mars lander are included. Moreover, the tool was adopted for the definition of
the high-level requirements of the lander for a potential future mission to the surface of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, currently
under investigation at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This case study was included to demonstrate the tool’s capabilities.
MISTRAL represents a comprehensive, versatile, and powerful tool providing guidelines for cognizant decisions in the early
and most crucial stages of the design of robotic systems involved in sampling operations on planetary bodies
Discrete element modelling of low gravity sample collection and transfer operations for Enceladus surface acquisition
No full textSaturn’s moon Enceladus represents one of the most promising places in the Solar System that might potentially host the life beyond Earth. The Cassini mission strongly suggested the presence of hydrothermal activity and observed material from the subsurface ocean being ejected by plumes and then settling on the surface. Moreover, the low radiation environment would help preserving the chemical composition of samples deposited on the surface. A potential future mission landing on the surface of Enceladus would have the goal of collecting surface samples for in-situ analysis. On the other hand, the low surface gravity of Enceladus (1% of Earth’s gravity) represents a unique challenge for sample handling. This study focuses on the analysis of tool-soil interaction in a gravity environment like the one found on Enceladus. The Discrete Element Method was chosen to investigate the material’s flow while performing unconstrained sample collection and transfer operations
Modelling of pneumatic sample transport systems for Enceladus surface acquisition
No full textSaturn’s moon Enceladus represents one of the most promising places in the Solar System that might potentially host the life beyond Earth, as suggested by the Cassini mission. A potential future mission landing on the surface of Enceladus would have the goal of collecting surface samples for in-situ analysis. Pneumatics represents one of the emerging methods for sample handling in low gravity environments. This study introduces the models developed to investigate the pneumatic transport of surface samples in a low gravity environment like the one found on Enceladus (1% of Earth’s gravity) with the aim of providing guidelines for sample chain design
Modelling of low gravity sampling and sample transfer systems for Enceladus surface acquisition
No full textSaturn’s moon Enceladus is one of the most promising places in the Solar System that might potentially host the life beyond Earth. The Cassini mission strongly suggested the presence of hydrothermal activity and observed material from the subsurface ocean being ejected by plumes and then settling on the surface. Moreover, the low radiation environment would help to preserve the chemical composition of samples deposited on the surface. A potential future mission landing on the surface of Enceladus would have the goal to collect surface samples for in-situ analysis. The low surface gravity of Enceladus (1% of Earth’s gravity) represents a unique challenge for sampling, sample collection and handling. This paper introduces the analytical and numerical models developed to study the sample collection and transfer operations with the aim to provide useful guidelines for sample chain design
The Impact of Name-Matching and Blocking on Author Disambiguation
No full textIn this work, we address the problem of blocking in the context of author name disambiguation. We describe a framework that formalizes different ways of name-matching to determine which names could potentially refer to the same author. We focus on name variations that follow from specifying a name with different completeness (i.e. full first name or only initial). We extend this framework by a simple way to define traditional, new and custom blocking schemes. Then, we evaluate different old and new schemes in the Web of Science. In this context we define and compare a new type of blocking schemes. Based on these results, we discuss the question whether name-matching can be used in blocking evaluation as a replacement of annotated author identifiers. Finally, we argue that blocking can have a strong impact on the application and evaluation of author disambiguation
Liderança dialógica: perspectivas na formação dos enfermeiros-líderes
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem.O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender o exercício da liderança como competência profissional na prática desenvolvida pelo enfermeiro em hospitais gerais de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. E como objetivos específicos: conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da liderança, identificar os desafios vivenciados na prática da liderança, por enfermeiros que foram técnicos de enfermagem, compreender os principais conflitos vivenciados pelos enfermeiros-líderes no ambiente hospitalar, bem como as estratégias adotadas para seu enfrentamento e analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros que facilitam a adoção da liderança dialógica no ambiente hospitalar. Com o intuito de fundamentar o estudo, utilizou-se o referencial teórico de Paulo Freire, o qual permitiu a reflexão e tessitura de novas perspectivas frente à formação do enfermeiro-líder. A pesquisa retrata uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva, na qual foi usado o estudo de caso como estratégia de investigação. Participaram do estudo 25 enfermeiros que trabalham em três hospitais da cidade de Florianópolis, destes 10 trabalham no Hospital Imperial de Caridade, 10 no Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago e cinco no Hospital Governador Celso Ramos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, sob o número do Processo 658/10. As informações foram obtidas de maio a dezembro de 2010. Para coleta dos dados realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação não-participante, totalizando 100 horas de observação e oficinas dialógicas, sendo realizadas três oficinas, uma em cada hospital. Os dados foram analisados por meio da proposta operativa de Minayo, emergindo três temas: Formação do enfermeiro-líder, Exercício da Liderança na prática profissional e Estratégias que facilitam o exercício da liderança, os quais foram desdobrados em categorias e subcategorias, destacando-se quatro categorias: Processo de ensino aprendizagem da liderança, Ascensão profissional, Gerenciamento de conflitos e Liderança dialógica. A partir dos resultados, salienta-se a ênfase do tecnicismo na formação e a adesão dos docentes a práticas pedagógicas que se aproximam da transmissão do conhecimento e a escassa abertura para o diálogo, características da educação tradicional, também denominada de educação bancária. Sobre a ascensão profissional, evidenciou-se que Ser enfermeiro e atender as responsabilidades que lhe são atribuídas, bem como a liderança da equipe de enfermagem consistem nos principais desafios vivenciados na prática da liderança por enfermeiros que foram técnicos de enfermagem. Também foi possível identificar o predomínio de conflitos de origem interpessoal envolvendo a equipe multiprofissional e de enfermagem. Os primeiros ocorrem devido a relações de poder e de dificuldades em limitar as ações de cada profissional em seu campo de atuação, já os conflitos entre o enfermeiro e a equipe de enfermagem estão relacionados principalmente a falta de continuidade no trabalho. Ao analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros que facilitam a inserção da liderança dialógica no ambiente hospitalar, destacaram-se: o diálogo, humildade, dar o exemplo, resolutividade, reuniões e trabalho em equipe. O reconhecimento destas estratégias permite que os enfermeiros possam colocá-las em prática, a fim de potencializar o gerenciamento do cuidado e da equipe de enfermagem, colaborando para a melhor qualidade da assistência. Defende-se que a Liderança dialógica, quando inserida ao longo do processo ensino-aprendizagem do enfermeiro, poderá contribuir para a formação de profissionais politizados, críticos e reflexivos, além de auxiliar na construção de relações horizontais no ambiente de trabalho, que permitem trocas de conhecimentos e aprimoramento coletivo, o gerenciamento de situações conflitantes e a fomentação de espaços que possibilitem a participação ativa dos enfermeiros, equipe e usuários, enquanto atores sociaisThe present study has as objective to understand the exercise of leadership and professional competence in the practice developed by the nurse in the general hospitals in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. And as specific objectives: identify the challenges experienced in daily work, by nurses who were nursing technicians, understand the main conflicts experienced by nurses-leaders in the practice of leadership, as well as the strategies adopted to confront and analyze the strategies used by nurses to facilitate the insertion of dialogic leadership in the hospital. For support, we used the theoretical framework of Paulo Freire, which allow the fabric of thought and new perspectives facing the education of the nurse- leader. The study reflects a qualitative descriptive type, which was used in the case study as research strategy. 25 nurses that work in three hospitals in the city of Florianopolis participated in the study, out of these 10 works in the Imperial Charity Hospital, 10 in the University Hospital Polydoro Ernani of St. James and 05 in the Governor Celso Ramos Hospital. The study was approved by the Ethics and Human Research Committee of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, under the Case Number 658/10. The information where obtained from May to December of 2010. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, non participant observation, totaling 100 hours of observation and dialogical workshops, in which three workshops were held, one in each hospital. The data were analyzed using the proposed Minayo operative, three themes emerged: the nurse-leader training, Exercise Leadership in professional practice and strategies that facilitate the exercise of leadership, professional Ascension, Conflict Management and Leadership dialogue. From the results, highlight the emphasis of technicality in the formation and support of teachers to teaching practices that are close to the transmission of scarce knowledge and openness to dialogue, characteristics of traditional education, also called banking education. On career advancement, it became clear that being a nurse and meeting the responsibilities assigned to it, as well as the leadership of the nursing team consists of the main challenges experienced in daily work, by nurses who were nursing technicians. It was also possible to identify the predominant source of interpersonal conflicts involving the multidisciplinary team and nursing. The first occurs due to relationships of power and difficulties in limiting the actions of each professional their field, since conflicts between the nurse and the nursing staff are primarily related to lack of continuity at work. By analyzing the strategies used by nurses to facilitate the insertion of dialogic leadership in the hospital, stood out: dialogue, humility, lead by example, solving of problem, and team meetings. The recognition of these strategies allow the nurses to put them into practice in order to enhance the management of care and nursing staff, contributing to a better quality of care. It is argued that dialogical leadership, when inserted along the teaching-learning process of the nurse, could contribute to the formation of politicized professionals, critical and reflective, apart from helping in the construction of horizontal relationship in the work environment, that allows the exchanges of collective knowledge and collective improvement, the management of conflict situations and nurturing spaces that allow the active participation of nurses, staff and users as social actor
Conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo de docentes universitários na área da atenção básica em saúde
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Florianópolis, 2015.O fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, entre outros fatores depende da formação de profissionais conhecedores de suas fortalezas e debilidades. Esta formação está orientada pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Enfermagem e Medicina. Consequentemente, a formação do docente inserido nesta perspectivanecessitaria caminhar nesta direção.Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o processo de construção e prática do Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo realizado pelo docente nos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina com vistas à formação para a Atenção Básica em Saúde. Este é um estudo de caso múltiplo de natureza qualitativa. Foi apoiado nos conhecimentos base para o ensino de Lee Shulman, destacando, como construto principal, o conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo e o processo de ação e raciocínio pedagógicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e a observação nãoparticipante, durante o segundo semestre de 2013. Os participantes da pesquisa foram dois docentes, um do curso de enfermagem e outro do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. A organização e análise dos dados foram realizadas utilizando a proposta operativa de Minayo.No caso do professor de medicina emergiram as seguintes categorias: impessoalidade no acolhimento do aluno como um problema para aproximação às diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde, distanciamento e (in)comunicação entre docentes como (in)viabilidade para a integração curricular, reprodução do modelo tradicional de ensino como barreira ao ensino reflexivo-crítico-criativo. No caso da professora de enfermagem as categorias que emergiram foram: a vida pessoal entrelaçada com a sua formação como ponto de partida para sua ação pedagógica; a Pedagogia do Diálogo como exemplo de um exercício docente voltado para o Sistema Único de Saúde; a influência organizacional e filosófica do seu curso como contribuição para o seu aperfeiçoamento e assunção do ensino para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.No caso do professor de medicina evidencia-se que: este docente, singularmente, compõe uma coletividade com características e obrigações semelhantes, que, por meios próprios, num movimento de autoaperfeiçoamento, tenta superar suas limitações pedagógicas, e, por meio de uma ação reflexiva, tem consciência de suas limitações; conhecer o aluno e suas características tem importância fundamental se queremos transmitir ao aluno que acolher, se interessar por seus problemas, ser empático e demonstrar proximidade,são características próprias do profissional médico; há necessidade do diálogo entre os pares, numa atitude menos competitiva e mais colaborativa que se faz imprescindível para a valorização do profissional docente, beneficiando com essa mudança de atitude não só o docente, mas o aluno, a profissão médica e o Sistema Único de Saúde. No caso da professora de enfermagem evidencia-se que: todos os elementos que utilizamos como indicadores de uma boa prática docente estão presentes em seu trabalho; sua capacidade de comunicação e odesprendimento que esta docente possui com seus alunos, colegas docentes, trabalhadores, tanto da saúde quanto dos serviços públicos locais e com a comunidade em geral, destaca-se em sua atuação; apesar dos momentos ofertados pelo curso de enfermagem para o aperfeiçoamento pedagógico, demonstra-se a necessidade de ampliação destas oportunidades; mesmo sendo detentora de uma capacidade pedagógica que lhe confere a qualidade de expert, trata a sua formação pedagógica como uma necessidade permanente; a universidade e o curso de enfermagem, mesmo que de forma tímida, cumprem um papel importante para alimentar a discussão sobre a prática pedagógica na graduação. Este estudo traz uma possibilidade em associar a forma como o docente atua com as necessidades profissionais para formar para oSistema Único de Saúde, dessa maneira, torna-se mais uma linha de comunicação entre a teoria e a prática profissional na área da saúde, assumindo ser mais um ponto de apoio para a transformação que se quer para um sistema de saúde público, gratuito e de qualidade.Abstract : The strengthening of the National Health System (SUS), among other factors, depends of the formation of professionals who can recognize their strengths and weaknesses. The formation of their teachers has a direct relationship to the training that is focused to the Health System. This study aims to understand the process of construction and practice of Pedagogical Content Knowledge carried out by the teacher in Nursing and Medicine courses with a view to training for Primary Health Care. This is a qualitative study of multiple cases. Supported by Lee Shulman knowledge, highlighting the main construct the pedagogical content knowledge and the process of action and pedagogical reasoning. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews, document analysis and the non-participant observation, during the second half of 2013. The participants were two teachers, a nursing program and other medical school of a university public in southern Brazil. The organization and analysis were performed using the operative proposal of Minayo. This consists of the following steps: Pre-analysis; Exploration Material; and Treatment of Results and Interpretation. In the case of medical teacher emerged the following categories: impersonality welcoming the student as a problem to approach the guidelines of the National Health System, and distance (in) communication between teachers and (in) feasibility of curriculum integration, model reproduction traditional teaching as a barrier to the reflexive-critical-creative education. In the case of a nursing professor categories that emerged were: a personal life intertwined with his training as a starting point for their pedagogical action; the pedagogy of dialogue as an example of a teaching exercise facing the National Health System; organizational and philosophical influence its course as a contribution to the improvement of teaching and taking to strengthen the National Health System In the case of professor of medicine it is clear that: this teaching, uniquely, makes up a community with features and obligations like, by themselves, a movement of self-improvement, trying to overcome their teaching and through a reflexive action limitations, is aware of its limitations; know the student and their characteristics is of fundamental importance if we want to convey to the student welcome, be interested in their problems, be empathetic and demonstrate proximity, are characteristics of the medical profession; there need for dialogue among peers in a less competitive and more collaborative attitude is indispensable for the enhancement of teaching professional, benefiting from this change in attitude not only the teacher, but the student, the medical profession and the Health System. in the case of a nursing professor is evident that: all the elements that we use as indicators of good teaching practice are present in their work; their communication skills and detachment that this teacher has with his students, faculty colleagues, both health workers as local public services and the community in general, stands out in its operations; despite moments offered by the nursing program for educational improvement, demonstrates the need to expand these opportunities; even though it holds a teaching ability that gives it the quality expert, is your teacher training as a continuing need; the university and the nursing program, even timidly, have an important role to stimulate discussion about the pedagogical practice at graduation; this study provides a possibility, an attempt to link the way the teacher works with the professional needs of the Unified Health System, thus becomes a line of communication between theory and professional practice in health, assuming be another point of support for the transformation we want to a public health system, free and quality
Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking
No full textData and code for paper by Madore, Khazenzon, Backes, Jiang, Uncapher, Norcia, and Wagner (2020). Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking. Nature
Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking
No full textData and code for paper by Madore, Khazenzon, Backes, Jiang, Uncapher, Norcia, and Wagner (2020). Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking. Nature
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