1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence of serum leptin on exercise dependence, dietary intake, and satiety in competitive female runners and inactive females
No full textLeptin is derived primarily from adipocytes to impact appetite, energy expenditure, and reward-seeking behaviors; and may contribute to compulsive-type behaviors. This study examined the relationship of leptin at fasting, postprandial, and post exercise with diet, subjective satiety, and exercise dependence (ED) between female runners (FR) and inactive females (IF). Mean age of subjects 23 years and body mass index (BMI) of 21.5 kg/m2. Across time on the day of the study, significant leptin differences (P < 0.001) were seen in FR (n = 14; BMI: 19.9 ± 1.3) compared to IF (n = 16; BMI: 23.0 ± 2.8), with no significant differences within groups. Fat mass (FM) was lower (P < 0.000) and lean mass (LM) was higher in FR (P < 0.001) than IF. FR had an average LM of 75.5% in comparison to IF at 65.6%. In conclusion, FR had significantly lower leptin than IF across time. Additionally, FR had a significantly lower BMI, FM, and body weight than IF. However, FR scored significantly higher in mean overall ED and consumed a significantly higher percentage of carbohydrates and fiber than IF
Accuracy of water delivery in enteral nutrition pumps
No full textAdequate delivery of both enteral formula and water in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN) is critical in illness recovery and maintaining hydration status. Pump malfunction has recently been identified as a factor that impedes enteral formula delivery, however, rarely is inadequate enteral water delivery investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the accuracy of delivering 1 L of water by EN pumps using different flush volumes and hang heights. Methods: Three EN pumps were used in vitro to flush 1 L of water at 50 mL per hour for 20 hours and 500 mL every 4 hours for 8 hours, at 0” and 18” hang heights. Fifteen test runs were conducted at each volume and hang height per pump. Actual delivered enteral water, remaining volume in feed bags, and volume reported by the pump were recorded. Results: Hang height of 18” delivered a mean 3.91% (95% CI, 3.25 to 4.57) more water than bags hung at 0” (p < 0.0005). When delivering water in 500 mL increments, 1.57% (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.23) more water was delivered than when delivered in 50 mL increments (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Appropriate hang height recommendations improve enteral water delivery in patients receiving EN. The most accurate setting was 500 mL at 18”, resulting in adequate delivery in 97.8% of the test runs, while 50 mL at 0” delivered adequately 17.8% of the time. More research is needed to understand the implications of inadequate water delivery caused by EN pump inaccuracy
Analysis of resistant starch content among different potato varieties and the impact of one variety on satiety
No full textResistant starch (RS) content can be impacted by cooking method and potato variety and have effects on satiety when consumed. This study analyzed RS content among three potato varieties (Red Norland, Russet, and Yukon Gold) where each were cooked using five different methods and serving temperatures (boiled used hot, baked used hot, baked then chilled one day, baked then chilled three days, and baked then chilled five days). RS content was the highest in Russet potatoes baked then chilled for five days (6.21g/100g) and lowest in Yukon Gold potatoes boiled used hot (1.84 g/100g). Cooking method showed an effect on RS content (p<0.001) but RS did not differ among potato variety (p=0.247). Then, Russet potatoes were utilized in a randomized crossover trial that examined their impact on subjective satiety measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and satiety biomarkers glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). In the trial, the females consumed boiled potatoes served hot and baked then chilled potatoes consumed on separate occasions with VAS scores and GLP-1 and PYY. No differences in the area under the curve (AUC) for AUC(0-120 min) for GLP-1 and PYY and overall subjective satiety were found between the boiled and chilled potatoes
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The baseline characteristics of parents and African American girls in an online obesity prevention program: A feasibility study
No full textThe purpose of this study was to analyze the baseline characteristics of girls and their parents in an online obesity prevention program created for 8-10 year old African American girls. Girls and a parent completed online dietary questionnaires. Two unannounced 24 hour dietary recalls were conducted with each girl. Child fruit and vegetable (FV) intake was significantly greater in the highest household education and income groups. FV home availability was higher with older and married parents. Child FV intake was positively related to child FV preferences, home availability, and accessibility, but was negatively related to barriers to FV consumption. These findings highlight the impact between parent psychosocial variables and demographic characteristics on child FV consumption. Obesity prevention programs for African American girls and their families should consider how child FV consumption may differ based on parent education, household income, child FV preferences, and parental psychosocial characteristics
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