1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A study of membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment and water reclamation
No full textMembrane Bioreactors (MBR), integrating membrane technology with biological processing, have emerged as an innovative technology, ideal for advanced wastewater treatment and water reclamation. The advantages of MBR are partly reduced by membrane fouling, comprising a host of complicated phenomena that result from the interactions between the biological active mixed liquor and the membrane. Τhe goal of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the close interrelationship between biological processes and membrane filtration, with emphasis on the effect that externally controlled system parameters have on membrane fouling through their influence on specific mixed liquor physicochemical characteristics. The review of the relevant literature reveals the critical role of two specific organic fractions on membrane fouling phenomena; i.e. the soluble organic fraction present in the mixed liquor supernatant (DOM) and the particulate biopolymers that comprise the extracellular matrix of the bacteria bioflocs (EPS). Α mathematical modeling approach of activated sludge bioprocesses, de novo focused on the specific needs of MBR technology is introduced (ASM_MBR), whereas a laboratory scale aerobic, submerged type MBR pilot system that closely simulates the filtration operation of full-scale MBR plants has been designed, constructed and continuously operated for 702 days. A carefully designed protocol of experimental measurements has been implemented to collect reliable data for evaluation of MBR performance, for ASM_MBR calibration and validation, and for assessment of membrane filtration performance in respect of the concentration profiles of DOM and EPS organic fractions. Regarding MBR operating conditions in practice, the experimental data of this study clearly suggest that under moderately high SRT values (e.g. 40 d), the consistently high wastewater treatment efficiency can be accompanied by satisfactory membrane filtration performance. The systematic data analysis has provided ample evidence on the critical and multiple role that DOM and EPS play concerning membrane filtration and has led to identification of mechanisms and phenomena, which significantly affect membrane fouling tendency and deserve further investigation. It is expected that the ASM_MBR mathematical framework can contribute in this direction, constituting a valuable tool for the integration of bioprocesses simulation and membrane filtration modeling.Οι βιοαντιδραστήρες μεμβρανών αποτελούν μια καινοτόμο τεχνολογία, ιδανική για την επεξεργασία λυμάτων και την ανάκτηση του επεξεργασμένου νερού, μέσω της συνδυασμένης χρήσης της τεχνολογίας των μεμβρανών και της βιολογικής επεξεργασίας. Στόχος της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να συνεισφέρει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της στενής αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ των βιολογικών δράσεων και της διήθησης διαμέσου της μεμβράνης, με έμφαση στην επιρροή που έχουν εξωτερικά ρυθμιζόμενες λειτουργικές μεταβλητές πάνω στο φαινόμενο της ρύπανσης των μεμβρανών, επηρεάζοντας κρίσιμα φυσικοχημικά χαρακτηριστικά του διηθούμενου υγρού (μικτό υγρό). Η ανασκόπηση της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας αποκαλύπτει τον σημαντικό ρόλο που παίζουν δύο συγκεκριμένα οργανικά κλάσματα του μικτού υγρού: το διαλυτό οργανικό κλάσμα του μικτού υγρού (Dissolved Organic Matter - DOM) και τα σωματιδιακής φύσεως βιοπολυμερή, τα οποία σχηματίζουν το εξωκυτταρικό συνεκτικό σύμπλεγμα των αιωρούμενων βιοσυσσωματωμάτων του μικτού υγρού (Extracellular Polymeric Substances - EPS). Αναπτύχθηκε ένα μαθηματικό μοντέλο των βιοδιεργασίων σε βιοαντιδραστήρες μεμβρανών (μοντέλο ASM_MBR), εξ’ αρχής εστιασμένο στις ανάγκες της συγκεκριμένης τεχνολογίας ενώ παράλληλα σχεδιάστηκε και κατασκευάστηκε ένα πιλοτικό σύστημα βιοαντιδραστήρα μεμβρανών εργαστηριακής κλίμακας, που προσομοιάζει την λειτουργία συστημάτων πραγματικής κλίμακας. Ακολουθήθηκε ένα προσεκτικά σχεδιασμένο πρωτόκολλο μετρήσεων που αποσκοπούσε στη συλλογή πειραματικών δεδομένων για τη βαθμονόμηση και τελικό έλεγχο του μοντέλου ASM_MBR καθώς και για τη μελέτη της ρύπανσης των μεμβρανών σε σχέση με τις συγκεντρώσεις των οργανικών κλασμάτων DOM και EPS. Συνολικά, καθόσον αφορά της βέλτιστες λειτουργικές συνθήκες των βιοαντιδραστήρων μεμβρανών στην πράξη, τα δεδομένα της παρούσας μελέτης δείχνουν καθαρά ότι σε σχετικά υψηλές τιμές χρόνου παραμονής στερεών (ενδεικτικά 40 d) το σταθερά υψηλής ποιότητας διήθημα συνδυάζεται με ικανοποιητική απόδοση των μεμβρανών. Η συστηματική ανάλυση των πειραματικών δεδομένων υποστηρίζει σαφώς τον κρίσιμο και πολύπλευρο ρόλο των οργανικών κλασμάτων DOM και EPS όσο αφορά τη ρύπανση των μεμβρανών και αναδεικνύει μηχανισμούς και φαινόμενα που χρήζουν περαιτέρω μελέτης. Το προτεινόμενο μοντέλο ASM_MBR αναμένεται να συμβάλει στη μελέτη αυτή αποτελώντας ένα πολύτιμο εργαλείο για την ενοποίηση των μαθηματικών μοντέλων των βιοδιεργασιών και της διήθησης διαμέσου της μεμβράνης στα συστήματα των βιοαντιδραστήρων μεμβρανών
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
