9 research outputs found
Resultats d'un assaig d'utilització continuada d'una trampa a l'esquer (Lepidoptera)
No full textResults obtained from the continued use of a sugar trap (Lepidoptera).
These are the main results obtained after having used a "sugar trap" for collecting heterocera for long periods of time. The test was always conducted at the same place, located in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula (Osona, Barcelona), during 1983-84-87-88 and especially 1989. The author would like to emphasize the great possibilities, usually underestimated, that this procedure offers.Resultados de un intento de utilización continuada de una trampa al cebo (Lepidoptera).
Se exponen los resultados obtenidos después de utilizar, durante largos períodes de tiempo, una trampa con cebo para la captura de lepiclópteros nocturnos. El ensayo se ha realizado siempre en el mismo lugar, perteneciente a la comarca de Osona (Barcelona), durante el transcurso de los años 1983-84-87-88 y especialmente 1989. El autor comenta las enormes posibilidades, pocas veces tenidas en cuenta, que esta técnica
de captura ofrece
Rheological characterization of linear low-density polyethylene-Fischer-Tropsch wax blends
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT :
The data that support the findings of this study are available
from the corresponding author, Shatish Ramjee,
upon request.Please read abstract in the article.Sasol.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/vnlam2024Chemical EngineeringSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructur
Fattening of the iberian pig. VIII. The behaviour of f1 Large-Black x iberian pig on acorn-pasture
No full textThe author studies the growing rate and the behaviour in 140 F1 Large-Black x iberique pigs, of 8-9 month of age, in the reaction to foods of the Quercus genus in pastoral diets. In the comparison studies with pure iberian pigs in eight previous trials, the F1 Large-Black x iberique pigs haven, daily weight gain of 431405 grames, while the pure beed iberian have 742"12 grames. The Large-Black x iberique has worst behabiour and a worst capacity for grazing in the ecological conditions of the acorn-pasture.Se utilizan en esta prueba 140 cerdos Fl Large-Black x ibérico de 8-9 meses de edad, para cebo en régimen tradicional de montanera, sobre una parcela de encinar en la que se han realizado anteriormente ocho experiencias con cerdos ibéricos puros. Del estudio comparativo se deduce que la ganancia media diaria de los cerdos cruzados (431"05 g) es inferior a la media lograda con ibéricos puros (742"12 g) en montanera. Igualmente es inferior la ganancia de los cruzados (564"00 g) con relación al ibérico (893"16 g) en la fase final de cebo con maíz; y el índice de transformación es igualmente mas desfavorable. Se aprecia una falta de capacidad de adaptación a las condiciones ecológicas de este sistema de pastoreo, del cruzado frente al ibérico
Influence of Surface Structure on Ball Properties during a Professional Water Polo Game
No full textThe use of modern materials in sports, in terms of chemical composition and surface texture, entails both progress in results and an increasing discrepancy in the technical parameters of the equipment used. This paper aims to demonstrate the differences between balls admitted to a league and world championships in composition, surface texture, and the influence of these parameters on the water polo game. This research compared two new balls produced by top companies producing sports accessories (Kap 7 and Mikasa). To obtain the goal, the measurement of the contact angle, analysis of the material using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopic evaluation were used. The analysis of the surface free energy shows significant differences (Kap 7 32.16 mJ/m2, Mikasa 36.48 mJ/m2). In the case of both balls, anisotropies of the structure of the furrows were observed, however, the Mikasa ball is slightly more homogeneous than the Kap 7 ball. The obtained results from the analysis of the contact angle, as well as the composition and real feedback from the players, indicated the need to standardize the material aspect of the regulations so that the sports results are repeatable every time
Hydrocortisone to reduce dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral side-effects in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-results of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial with cross-over design
No full textBackground: Dexamethasone is a cornerstone of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, although it can induce serious side-effects. Our previous study suggests that children who suffer most from neurobehavioural side-effects might benefit from physiological hydrocortisone in addition to dexamethasone treatment. This study aimed to validate this finding.Methods: Our phase three, double-blind, randomised controlled trial with cross-over design included ALL patients (3-18 years) during medium-risk maintenance therapy in a national tertiary hospital between 17th May 2018 and 5th August 2020. A baseline measurement before and after a 5-day dexamethasone course was performed, whereafter 52 patients with clinically relevant neurobehavioural problems were randomised to receive an intervention during four subsequent dexamethasone courses. The intervention consisted of two courses hydrocortisone (physiological dose 10 mg/m2/d in circadian rhythm), followed by two courses placebo, or vice versa. Neurobehavioural problems were assessed before and after each course using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as primary end-point. Secondary end-points were sleep problems, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), hunger feeling, and parental stress, measured with questionnaires and actigraphy. A generalised mixed model was estimated to study the intervention effect.Results: The median age was 5.5 years (range 3.0-18.8) and 61.5% were boys. The SDQ filled in by 51 primary caregivers showed no difference between hydrocortisone and placebo in reducing dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral problems (estimated effect-2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI)-6.00-1.90). Also, no benefit from hydrocortisone compared to pla-cebo was found for reducing sleep problems, hunger, parental stress or improving HRQoL.Conclusions: Hydrocortisone, when compared to placebo, had no additional effect in redu-cing clinically relevant dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioural problems. Therefore, hy-drocortisone is not advised as standard of care for children with ALL who experience dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioural problems. Trial registration: NetherlandsTrial Register NTR6695/NL6507 (https://trialsearch.who.int/) and EudraCT 2017-002738-22 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/).(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).Stress-related psychiatric disorders across the life spa
Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs 1979
No full textAgathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979: Types rediscovered JOSÉ L. NAVARRETE-HEREDIA 1, LILIANA P. SANDOVAL 1 & SANTIAGO ZARAGOZA-CABALLERO 2 1 Centro de Estudios en Zoología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Apdo. Postal 134, 45100, Zapopan, Jalisco, México; 2 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979: 106 is the single Mexican species of Leiodidae described by a Mexican entomologist: Chemical Engineer Jorge Hendrichs. As an amateur coleopterist he made a beetle collection of 18,400 specimens, adequately labeled by his wife and daughter. Most of the specimens are now in the entomological collection of the Instituto de Biología, UNAM. He published 12 papers, one of them devoted to the description of one leiodid species: Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979. Type specimens of A. mexicanum were collected in Estado de Mexico and Distrito Federal (now Ciudad de México) localities (type locality: Cerro Tlaloc, Estado de México). The type series as described in the original description was constituted by 13 specimens: Holotype (male), allotype (female) and, 11 paratypes (6 males and 5 females). For specific details, data of the material examined is fully included (Hendrichs 1979: 110): “ ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Cerro Tlaloc 3800 m, 29-I-72, holotipo ♂, alotipo ♀ y 2 paratipos ♀ ♀; Río Frío: 3300 m, 30- I-72, 2 paratipos ♂ ♂ y 1 paratipo ♀; Jalatlaco: 3400 m, 29.-XII-77, 1 paratipo ♂ y 1 paratipo ♀; Lagunas de Zempoala: 3100 m, 16-IV-76, 1 paratipo ♀. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Desierto de los Leones, 3300 m, 2-XII-72, 1 paratipo ♂; Agua de Leones, 3300m, 13-IV-74, 1 paratipo ♂; Puerto de las Cruces, 3100m, 24-IX-72, 1 paratipo ♂. Todos colectados por Jorge Hendrichs S. Y Jorge Hendrichs N.”. “El holotipo y un paratipo ♀ se depositan en el Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México. Dos paratipos en la colección del Dr. S. B. Peck, el alotipo y resto de los paratipos en la colección del autor” Holotype and one paratype female to be deposited in the entomological collection of the Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México. Two paratypes in the personal collection of Dr. S. B. Peck, allotype and remaining paratypes in the author collection (Hendrichs 1979: 110). Agathidium mexicanum is cited in the synopsis of Mexican Leiodidae by Peck (2000: 449). Later it is cited again in Miller and Wheeler (2005: 164) with a comment that the holotype “is not in either Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM) or the Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de Mexico ”. Zaragoza-Caballero and Pérez-Hernández (2017) published a catalog of Coleoptera types in the entomological collection at UNAM (CNIN) and include some leiodid species, but A. mexicanum is not mentioned. In a recent visit to the Entomological Collection of the Institute of Biology at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México we searched again in the CNIN collection looking for unidentified leiodids. After a close examination we found ten Agathidium specimens without identification labels. All the specimens were part of the Hendrichs collection. Later we visited the entomological collection of the Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México. Biol. María E. Díaz Batres, curator of the collection for many years, told us that no types of the species were deposited in that collection. There are type specimens but of other leiodid species. She suspected that types will be in the entomological collection of the Institute of Ecology where some specimens of the J. Hendrichs collection are deposited. We asked Dr. C. Deloya and M.C. Leonardo Delgado, coleopterists of the Institute of Ecology, about such specimens, and no specimens were found. Finally, we asked Dr. S. Peck if he received the paratypes. He confirmed that no paratypes had been deposited in his collection. After a careful and detailed examination of the specimens found at CNIN we conclude that the ten specimens are part of the type series of Agathidium mexicanum (three specimens are lost) but without type labels. These specimens are clearly an Agathidium species and label data are the same as label data of the type series of A. mexicanum cited in the original description (Hendrichs, 1979). So, the type series is constituted as (data from labels; information in bold is not included in the original publication): • Tlaloc, Mex., 29.I.72, 3800 m, bajo tronco, Col. J. Hendrichs/ macho 1/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S./ H. As the type series indicates that holotype is a male from Tlaloc and three paratype females from the same locality, this specimens we assume correspond to the holotype. So, a holotype label was added to the specimen. Remaining specimens were recognized as paratypes and labels were attached to each one. • Tlaloc, Mex., 29.I.72, 3800 m, bajo corteza, Col. J. Hendrichs/ hembra 2/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S./ H. • Tlaloc, Mex., 29.I.72, 3800 m, bajo corteza, Col. J. Hendrichs/ hembra 3/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S. /H. One specimen of this series is lost. Original locality cited as Cerro Tlaloc. • Río Frío, Mex, 30.I.72, 3300m, Kiefernrinde [pine bark], Col. J. Hendrichs S./ Macho/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S./ H. One adult plus a pronotum and one elytrum. • Río Frío, Mex, 30.I.72, 3300m, Kiefernrinde, Col. J. Hendrichs S./ Hembra 8/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S. • 8 km al este de Jalatlaco, Mex, 3400m, corteza de pino, Col. J. Hendrichs S./ one male and one female specimens/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S. In the original paper, some specific data were omitted as is the case of the specimens from Río Frío where Kiefernrinde [pine bark], Col. J. Hendrichs S./ Macho/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S./ H. were omitted. We assume that the specific locality data of these specimens is the same as that mentioned in the paper just as Jalatlaco. Specimens were in the same lot and sex corresponds to the sex cited for the paratypes. So, we assume that these specimens are also specimens of the type series. • The specimen from Lagunas de Zempoala is lost. • The specimen from Desierto de los Leones is lost. • Agua de Leones, Desierto, D.F, 13.IV.74, 3300 m, trampa c. cebo, Col. J. Hendrichs S./ macho 6/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S./ H. • Las Cruces, D.F., 24.IX.72,3100 m, Kiefernrinde, Col. J. Hendrichs S./ Macho 5/ Ex Colección Jorge Hendrichs S. /H. The original locality cited as Puerto de las Cruces. Specimens are deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Institute of Biology (CNIN) in the type specimen collection. Specimens from Jalatlaco are in the Entomological Collection of the Centro de Estudios en Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara.Published as part of Navarrete-Heredia, José L., Sandoval, Liliana P. & Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago, 2020, Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979: Types rediscovered, pp. 295-296 in Zootaxa 4731 (2) on pages 295-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/375482
Gromphas jardim Cupello
No full textGromphas jardim Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. (Figures 1 – 7) Gromphas lacordairei: Hamel-Leigue et al., 2006: 6, fig. 49,50; Hamel-Leigue et al., 2009: 61 (part), 49 (part), fig. 14 (part), figs 27,28. Gromphas amazonica: Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 463 (all the fifth paragraph of ‘ Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion ’ section). Type specimens Holotype: BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos, Río Ichiguita, 155 m, 15°08 ’ S, 65°18 ʹ W, 20.V.2005, C. Hamel and T. Vidaurre cols. – male (OUMNH) [“ BOLIVIA: Beni, Rio Ichiguita, 155 m., 15º08 ʹ S 65º18 ʹ O, 20.v.2005, Sabana. Trap. cebo heces humano. prep./col.: C. Hamel, T. Vidaurre ”, “ Gromphas lacordairei Brullé, 1834 det. A. C. Hamel. OUMNH-2006-097 ”, “ Trap 7 ”, “ HOLOTIPO ”, “ HOLOTYPE. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello des. 2014 ♂ ”] (Figure 1A – D, F). Aedeagus extracted and genital capsule glued in a triangular label and internal sac placed in a microvial with glycerine, all pinned with the holotype. Paratypes: BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Cáceres, 10 October 2008, E. Silva col. – 1 female (CEMT; specimen identified in Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013, pp. 463 – 464) as G. amazonica). BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos, Río Ichiguita, 155 m, 15°08 ’ S, 65°18 ʹ W, 19 May 2005, C. Hamel and T. Vidaurre cols. – 1 female (MNRJ) and 1 female (OUMNH). COCHABAMBA: Territory of the Yuracaré people (“ Juacares Indians ”), north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba (“ Cortillera de Cochabamba ”), without date and collector (probably collected by Alcide d ’ Orbigny in 1832; see comments below) – 1 male (BMNH). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a patronym honouring Arlindo da Silva Jardim (1923 – 2014), Brazilian aviator and grandfather of the first author. Having grown up in the small, rural village of Dom Viçoso, Minas Gerais, Arlindo Jardim achieved his childhood dream and flew professionally worldwide for over four decades. He will remain as a source of inspiration for MC. Description Colour. Anterior region of clypeus black; remainder of head and pronotum with dark olive green and copper metallic reflections. Elytra, metasternum, ventral surface of legs and pygidium dark olive green with metallic sheen and silky appearance. Ventrites entirely black or black with week metallic green reflections. Head. Margin of clypeus with four lobes (Figure 1F) and distinctly upturned. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (Figure 1F). Cephalic projection a raised carina with converging sides and emarginate apex in major specimens (Figure 1G); apex narrower than distance between apices of apical lobes of clypeus (Figure 1F). Thorax. Pronotum convex; lateral region with dense granulation reaching the posterior margin (Figure 3A), density of granulation decreasing posteromedially; posteromedian region smooth or with strongly effaced granulation (Figures 1A, E, 4); posterior fossae apparent only as two very shallow and sometimes only weakly indicated impressions removed from the pronotal posterior margin (Figures 1E, 4). Posterior margin of pronotum rounded. Mesosternum with dense pilosity. Metasternum with fine and sparse punctation at centre. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex; area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae. Legs. Protibia slightly narrower in males than in females (Figure 2); in ventral view, longitudinal carina simple in both sexes (Figure 2A). Space between protibial lateral teeth deeper in males than in females (Figure 2). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (Figure 2). Inner apical angle of protibia with a tuft of setae longer and denser in males than in females; in males, tubercle of inner apical angle developed as a short and tapered spur independent of apical tuft of setae (Figure 2). Apical protarsomere with a long, distal spiniform prolongation. Mesotarsi and metatarsi with apical tarsomere slightly curved at apex. Metatibia very broad and robust. Metatibial spur with apex distinctly curved. Elytra. Striae very fine and, especially striae 1 – 4, carinulate from base to half or apical two-thirds of elytra. Sutural margin glossy and only sparsely punctate; basal half of sutural margin with sheen extending laterally onto first or second interstria. Abdomen. Pygidium lacking basal margin and with irregular sculpture. Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites microsculptured and sparsely punctuated. Aedeagus. Apex of phallobase, in ventral view, with membranous area expanded triangularly in the middle (Figure 1C). Medial sclerite only slightly curved, almost flat. Measurements (four specimens: two males and two females) TL: AV: 15.2; MX: 16.3; MN: 13.9. PL: AV: 12.3; MX: 13; MN: 11.7. PW: AV: 8.5; MX: 9; MN: 8. Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion At a first glance, G. jardim resembles superficially G. amazonica and, to a lesser degree, G. inermis, and, in fact, has been confused with these species both in collections and recent publications. Deposited at the BMNH, the oldest specimen known to us bears four labels with different identifications (Figure 4): an older, which by the calligraphy we assign to Charles O. Waterhouse, former curator of entomology at the BMNH, has written ‘Gormphas amazonicus Bates ’, while the other two more modern labels identify that specimen, respectively, as G. amazonica and ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé, 1834 ʹ, an unavailable name referring to G. lacordairii Burmeister, 1874, junior synonym of G. inermis (see more in Cupello and Vaz-de- Mello 2013). The fourth label has handwritten the word ‘Coproides’, but the remaining information is effaced and completely unreadable. d ’ Olsoufieff (1924) examined a specimen of G. amazonica in the Muséum national d ’ Histoire naturelle, Paris, labelled ‘coproides Dej. Cayenne (coll. Mniszech) ’ and probably the unavailable name ‘coproides’ was used before the description of G. amazonica by Bates (1870) as a name in litteris to refer to this species. The three specimens found in OUMNH, in turn, including the holotype, are part of a large series of dung beetles recently collected in Bolivia and the basis for the works of Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006, 2009); they were identified and illustrated in these publications as ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé ’. The geographical distribution and probably the other information present for ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé ’ in Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006, 2009) have mixed data belonging in fact to G. jardim and G. inermis. Similarly, as said in the Introduction of the present work, in Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013), we provisionally identified the specimen (now paratype) from Cáceres as a G. amazonica. Now, in possession of a greater number of specimens, the differences between G. jardim, G. inermis and G. amazonica became much clearer. Gromphas jardim shares only with G. amazonica, G. inermis and G. dichroa the characters: genae and frons granulated adjacent to eyes (Figure 1F), absence of pronotal prominence, protibiae narrower in males than in females (Figure 2), and protibial spur expanded at apex (Figure 2); only with G. amazonica and G. inermis, G. jardim shares the character margin of clypeus with four lobes (Figure 1F). Probably this last characteristic, which is an apomorphy shared by them (see the phylogenetic analysis below), was the main cause for the past misidentifications. Yet G. jardim is easily differentiated from G. inermis by having metatibial spur distinctly curved apically (straight in G. inermis), posterior margin of pronotum rounded (projected at middle in G. inermis), elytral striae carinulate (simple in G. inermis), and metasternum and sutural margin of elytra with fine and sparse punctation (dense punctation in G. inermis); furthermore, pronotal hump and sutural margin of elytra raised are present in major specimens of G. inermis but absent in G. jardim (Figure 1B). On the other hand, the medial sclerite of the internal sac of G. jardim is very similar to that of G. inermis and no significant difference between them was found ({fig. 59}). From G. amazonica, G. jardim is differentiated most easily by the shape of the apical tubercle of male protibia, which, although much more developed in G. jardim than the tiny and almost imperceptible tubercle of the other four species of Gromphas, is still much smaller than that of G. amazonica; in G. jardim, the tubercle has the shape of a tapered spur and is separated from the apical tuft of setae, which rests adjacent to the spur (Figure 2A,B); in G. amazonica, the spur is long, laterally flattened and curved and has the tuft of setae on its dorsal surface as a row of setae. The shape of the cephalic projection of G. jardim is similar to that of G. inermis, i.e. it is narrower than the distance between the apices of the apical lobes of clypeus (Figure 1F), while that of G. amazonica has the equivalent width of that distance. Other differences between G. jardim and G. amazonica are: the colour, which is dark olive green and has metallic reflections in G. jardim, but black, dark blue, dark green or reddish-brown and never has metallic reflections in G. amazonica; and the pronotal granulation, which penetrates more the posterior portion of the pronotum and, in lateral view, reaches the posterior margin in G. jardim (Figure 3A), whereas in G. amazonica the granulation is restricted to the anterior portion of the pronotum and never reaches the posterior margin (Figure 3B). The form of the granules of the head and pronotum is also distinct between the two species, being wider and flattened in G. amazonica and more rounded and smaller in G. jardim (this second form is very similar to that of G. inermis). Finally, the longitudinal carina of the ventral surface of protibia is simple in both sexes of G. jardim, resembling G. aeruginosa and G. lemoinei, but is distinct to that of G. amazonica, G. inermis and G. dichroa, which, in males, has a row of tubercles on its basal half and, in females, is simple. The constant presence of the posterior pronotal fossae in G. jardim also distinguishes this species from G. inermis and G. amazonica, in which these fossae are usually absent. The spiniform projection at the apex of apical protarsomere was not observed in one of the three females of G. jardim examined by us, and we believe that this is due to the wear, as happens in some G. amazonica, the only other species of Gromphas that has this kind of apical protarsomere (Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2013). On the other hand, the nature of the posterior pronotal fossae varies: in the two males observed, the fossae are clearly marked and easily visible to the naked eye, whereas those of the three females are much less marked and almost imperceptible. Whether this is a case of individual or sexual variation is difficult to say until the examination of a larger number of specimens of both sexes. Geographic distribution Brazilian subregion: South Brazilian dominion: Rondônia province. BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Cáceres. BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos. COCHABAMBA: ‘ Territory of the Yuracaré people, north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba ’ (Figure 5). Comments While the holotype and the three female paratypes of G. jardim were collected in the 21st century and have label information detailed enough to permit an easy understanding of their origin, the male paratype is much older and has a puzzling history. Only one of the five labels attached to this specimen before our work has information about its provenance (Figure 4). This label is circular and has ‘ Bolivia ’ written on one side and ‘ 46/76 ʹ, on the other side. According to Max Barclay (pers. comm.), ‘ 1846 – 76 refers to a collection, all with the same data, acquired in 1846 and including 325 Coleoptera and 250 Lepidoptera ’, and these collecting data are ‘ Territory of Juacares Indians (north side of the Cortillera (sic) de Cochabamba) ’. We believe that ‘ Juacares Indians ’ refers to the Yuracaré, an indigenous people resident on the north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba, in the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia. To our knowledge, the only European naturalist who crossed this remote region before 1846 was the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d ’ Orbigny (1802 – 1857), who visited a Yuracaré village on May 28 1832 and stayed there for 4 days (Papavero 1971). Indeed, d ’ Orbigny described and illustrated in detail this people in his great work Voyage dans l’ Amérique Méridionale (d ’ Orbigny 1835 – 1847). So we believe he was the probable collector of the male paratype of G. jardim. This finding is also interesting because, if correct, it indicates that not all insects collected by Alcide d ’ Orbigny are deposited in the Muséum National d ’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, as suggested by Horn and Kahle (1936) and Evenhuis (1997). Bionomics The label data indicate that the holotype and the two paratypes from Beni, Bolivia, were collected in traps baited with human faeces in open habitats. These specimens also had some unidentified phoretic mites attached to their legs, especially to the metatarsi. The recorded months for G . jardim are May and October.Published as part of Cupello, Mario & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2015, A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), pp. 943-969 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 946-953, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091099, http://zenodo.org/record/399044
Gromphas jardim Cupello
No full textGromphas jardim Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. (Figures 1 – 7) Gromphas lacordairei: Hamel-Leigue et al., 2006: 6, fig. 49,50; Hamel-Leigue et al., 2009: 61 (part), 49 (part), fig. 14 (part), figs 27,28. Gromphas amazonica: Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 463 (all the fifth paragraph of ‘ Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion ’ section). Type specimens Holotype: BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos, Río Ichiguita, 155 m, 15°08 ’ S, 65°18 ʹ W, 20.V.2005, C. Hamel and T. Vidaurre cols. – male (OUMNH) [“ BOLIVIA: Beni, Rio Ichiguita, 155 m., 15º08 ʹ S 65º18 ʹ O, 20.v.2005, Sabana. Trap. cebo heces humano. prep./col.: C. Hamel, T. Vidaurre ”, “ Gromphas lacordairei Brullé, 1834 det. A. C. Hamel. OUMNH-2006-097 ”, “ Trap 7 ”, “ HOLOTIPO ”, “ HOLOTYPE. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello des. 2014 ♂ ”] (Figure 1A – D, F). Aedeagus extracted and genital capsule glued in a triangular label and internal sac placed in a microvial with glycerine, all pinned with the holotype. Paratypes: BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Cáceres, 10 October 2008, E. Silva col. – 1 female (CEMT; specimen identified in Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013, pp. 463 – 464) as G. amazonica). BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos, Río Ichiguita, 155 m, 15°08 ’ S, 65°18 ʹ W, 19 May 2005, C. Hamel and T. Vidaurre cols. – 1 female (MNRJ) and 1 female (OUMNH). COCHABAMBA: Territory of the Yuracaré people (“ Juacares Indians ”), north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba (“ Cortillera de Cochabamba ”), without date and collector (probably collected by Alcide d ’ Orbigny in 1832; see comments below) – 1 male (BMNH). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a patronym honouring Arlindo da Silva Jardim (1923 – 2014), Brazilian aviator and grandfather of the first author. Having grown up in the small, rural village of Dom Viçoso, Minas Gerais, Arlindo Jardim achieved his childhood dream and flew professionally worldwide for over four decades. He will remain as a source of inspiration for MC. Description Colour. Anterior region of clypeus black; remainder of head and pronotum with dark olive green and copper metallic reflections. Elytra, metasternum, ventral surface of legs and pygidium dark olive green with metallic sheen and silky appearance. Ventrites entirely black or black with week metallic green reflections. Head. Margin of clypeus with four lobes (Figure 1F) and distinctly upturned. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (Figure 1F). Cephalic projection a raised carina with converging sides and emarginate apex in major specimens (Figure 1G); apex narrower than distance between apices of apical lobes of clypeus (Figure 1F). Thorax. Pronotum convex; lateral region with dense granulation reaching the posterior margin (Figure 3A), density of granulation decreasing posteromedially; posteromedian region smooth or with strongly effaced granulation (Figures 1A, E, 4); posterior fossae apparent only as two very shallow and sometimes only weakly indicated impressions removed from the pronotal posterior margin (Figures 1E, 4). Posterior margin of pronotum rounded. Mesosternum with dense pilosity. Metasternum with fine and sparse punctation at centre. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex; area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae. Legs. Protibia slightly narrower in males than in females (Figure 2); in ventral view, longitudinal carina simple in both sexes (Figure 2A). Space between protibial lateral teeth deeper in males than in females (Figure 2). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (Figure 2). Inner apical angle of protibia with a tuft of setae longer and denser in males than in females; in males, tubercle of inner apical angle developed as a short and tapered spur independent of apical tuft of setae (Figure 2). Apical protarsomere with a long, distal spiniform prolongation. Mesotarsi and metatarsi with apical tarsomere slightly curved at apex. Metatibia very broad and robust. Metatibial spur with apex distinctly curved. Elytra. Striae very fine and, especially striae 1 – 4, carinulate from base to half or apical two-thirds of elytra. Sutural margin glossy and only sparsely punctate; basal half of sutural margin with sheen extending laterally onto first or second interstria. Abdomen. Pygidium lacking basal margin and with irregular sculpture. Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites microsculptured and sparsely punctuated. Aedeagus. Apex of phallobase, in ventral view, with membranous area expanded triangularly in the middle (Figure 1C). Medial sclerite only slightly curved, almost flat. Measurements (four specimens: two males and two females) TL: AV: 15.2; MX: 16.3; MN: 13.9. PL: AV: 12.3; MX: 13; MN: 11.7. PW: AV: 8.5; MX: 9; MN: 8. Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion At a first glance, G. jardim resembles superficially G. amazonica and, to a lesser degree, G. inermis, and, in fact, has been confused with these species both in collections and recent publications. Deposited at the BMNH, the oldest specimen known to us bears four labels with different identifications (Figure 4): an older, which by the calligraphy we assign to Charles O. Waterhouse, former curator of entomology at the BMNH, has written ‘Gormphas amazonicus Bates ’, while the other two more modern labels identify that specimen, respectively, as G. amazonica and ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé, 1834 ʹ, an unavailable name referring to G. lacordairii Burmeister, 1874, junior synonym of G. inermis (see more in Cupello and Vaz-de- Mello 2013). The fourth label has handwritten the word ‘Coproides’, but the remaining information is effaced and completely unreadable. d ’ Olsoufieff (1924) examined a specimen of G. amazonica in the Muséum national d ’ Histoire naturelle, Paris, labelled ‘coproides Dej. Cayenne (coll. Mniszech) ’ and probably the unavailable name ‘coproides’ was used before the description of G. amazonica by Bates (1870) as a name in litteris to refer to this species. The three specimens found in OUMNH, in turn, including the holotype, are part of a large series of dung beetles recently collected in Bolivia and the basis for the works of Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006, 2009); they were identified and illustrated in these publications as ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé ’. The geographical distribution and probably the other information present for ‘ G. lacordairei Brullé ’ in Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006, 2009) have mixed data belonging in fact to G. jardim and G. inermis. Similarly, as said in the Introduction of the present work, in Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013), we provisionally identified the specimen (now paratype) from Cáceres as a G. amazonica. Now, in possession of a greater number of specimens, the differences between G. jardim, G. inermis and G. amazonica became much clearer. Gromphas jardim shares only with G. amazonica, G. inermis and G. dichroa the characters: genae and frons granulated adjacent to eyes (Figure 1F), absence of pronotal prominence, protibiae narrower in males than in females (Figure 2), and protibial spur expanded at apex (Figure 2); only with G. amazonica and G. inermis, G. jardim shares the character margin of clypeus with four lobes (Figure 1F). Probably this last characteristic, which is an apomorphy shared by them (see the phylogenetic analysis below), was the main cause for the past misidentifications. Yet G. jardim is easily differentiated from G. inermis by having metatibial spur distinctly curved apically (straight in G. inermis), posterior margin of pronotum rounded (projected at middle in G. inermis), elytral striae carinulate (simple in G. inermis), and metasternum and sutural margin of elytra with fine and sparse punctation (dense punctation in G. inermis); furthermore, pronotal hump and sutural margin of elytra raised are present in major specimens of G. inermis but absent in G. jardim (Figure 1B). On the other hand, the medial sclerite of the internal sac of G. jardim is very similar to that of G. inermis and no significant difference between them was found ({fig. 59}). From G. amazonica, G. jardim is differentiated most easily by the shape of the apical tubercle of male protibia, which, although much more developed in G. jardim than the tiny and almost imperceptible tubercle of the other four species of Gromphas, is still much smaller than that of G. amazonica; in G. jardim, the tubercle has the shape of a tapered spur and is separated from the apical tuft of setae, which rests adjacent to the spur (Figure 2A,B); in G. amazonica, the spur is long, laterally flattened and curved and has the tuft of setae on its dorsal surface as a row of setae. The shape of the cephalic projection of G. jardim is similar to that of G. inermis, i.e. it is narrower than the distance between the apices of the apical lobes of clypeus (Figure 1F), while that of G. amazonica has the equivalent width of that distance. Other differences between G. jardim and G. amazonica are: the colour, which is dark olive green and has metallic reflections in G. jardim, but black, dark blue, dark green or reddish-brown and never has metallic reflections in G. amazonica; and the pronotal granulation, which penetrates more the posterior portion of the pronotum and, in lateral view, reaches the posterior margin in G. jardim (Figure 3A), whereas in G. amazonica the granulation is restricted to the anterior portion of the pronotum and never reaches the posterior margin (Figure 3B). The form of the granules of the head and pronotum is also distinct between the two species, being wider and flattened in G. amazonica and more rounded and smaller in G. jardim (this second form is very similar to that of G. inermis). Finally, the longitudinal carina of the ventral surface of protibia is simple in both sexes of G. jardim, resembling G. aeruginosa and G. lemoinei, but is distinct to that of G. amazonica, G. inermis and G. dichroa, which, in males, has a row of tubercles on its basal half and, in females, is simple. The constant presence of the posterior pronotal fossae in G. jardim also distinguishes this species from G. inermis and G. amazonica, in which these fossae are usually absent. The spiniform projection at the apex of apical protarsomere was not observed in one of the three females of G. jardim examined by us, and we believe that this is due to the wear, as happens in some G. amazonica, the only other species of Gromphas that has this kind of apical protarsomere (Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2013). On the other hand, the nature of the posterior pronotal fossae varies: in the two males observed, the fossae are clearly marked and easily visible to the naked eye, whereas those of the three females are much less marked and almost imperceptible. Whether this is a case of individual or sexual variation is difficult to say until the examination of a larger number of specimens of both sexes. Geographic distribution Brazilian subregion: South Brazilian dominion: Rondônia province. BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Cáceres. BOLÍVIA: BENI: Moxos. COCHABAMBA: ‘ Territory of the Yuracaré people, north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba ’ (Figure 5). Comments While the holotype and the three female paratypes of G. jardim were collected in the 21st century and have label information detailed enough to permit an easy understanding of their origin, the male paratype is much older and has a puzzling history. Only one of the five labels attached to this specimen before our work has information about its provenance (Figure 4). This label is circular and has ‘ Bolivia ’ written on one side and ‘ 46/76 ʹ, on the other side. According to Max Barclay (pers. comm.), ‘ 1846 – 76 refers to a collection, all with the same data, acquired in 1846 and including 325 Coleoptera and 250 Lepidoptera ’, and these collecting data are ‘ Territory of Juacares Indians (north side of the Cortillera (sic) de Cochabamba) ’. We believe that ‘ Juacares Indians ’ refers to the Yuracaré, an indigenous people resident on the north side of the Cordillera de Cochabamba, in the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia. To our knowledge, the only European naturalist who crossed this remote region before 1846 was the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d ’ Orbigny (1802 – 1857), who visited a Yuracaré village on May 28 1832 and stayed there for 4 days (Papavero 1971). Indeed, d ’ Orbigny described and illustrated in detail this people in his great work Voyage dans l’ Amérique Méridionale (d ’ Orbigny 1835 – 1847). So we believe he was the probable collector of the male paratype of G. jardim. This finding is also interesting because, if correct, it indicates that not all insects collected by Alcide d ’ Orbigny are deposited in the Muséum National d ’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, as suggested by Horn and Kahle (1936) and Evenhuis (1997). Bionomics The label data indicate that the holotype and the two paratypes from Beni, Bolivia, were collected in traps baited with human faeces in open habitats. These specimens also had some unidentified phoretic mites attached to their legs, especially to the metatarsi. The recorded months for G . jardim are May and October.Published as part of Cupello, Mario & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2015, A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), pp. 943-969 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 946-953, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091099, http://zenodo.org/record/399044
Estudio de la variación de la genitalia masculina de las especies de la tribu Phanaeini (Scarabaeinae) en Colombia : implicaciones taxonómicas y filogenéticas
No full text1 recurso en línea (x, 185 páginas) : ilustraciones blanco y negro, figuras.En este trabajo se examinó la variación de la genitalia masculina de la tribu Phanaeini, grupo de escarabajos coprófagos de importancia ecológica por el proceso de reciclaje de nutrientes que llevan a cabo. Se revisaron 122 ejemplares de 55 especies y 25 ejemplares de países como Costa Rica, Brasil, Perú, Bolivia y Venezuela, y tres especies del grupo externo tribu Eucraniini (Eucranium sp., Enerabdus lobocephalus, Anomiopsoides heteroclyta). Se presenta la descripción de la variación del segmento genital, edeago, saco interno, esclerito basal, esclerito medial, esclerito placa y esclerito elongado de las especies de los seis géneros de la tribu Phanaeini presentes en Colombia. Para los análisis filogenéticos se propone treinta y cinco caracteres basados en la genitalia masculina para evaluar las relaciones filogenéticas de 58 especies, usando los programas DELTA, NONA y WinClada. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que la genitalia masculina de las especies de la tribu Phanaeini son heterogéneas, la diversificación en la morfología de la genitalia es bastante amplia, representada en la variación de las multiples formas que adoptan los escleritos del saco interno. Las relaciones filogenéticas muestran que todas las especies de la tribu se definen por dos sinapomorfias, forma del ápice del edeago redondeado y ráspulas en forma de V invertida en el extremo superior de saco interno; esté es un análisis exploratorio que da una idea general acerca de las relaciones filogenéticas de la tribu Phanaeni a partir de los caracteres de la genitalia masculina además de las relaciones entre las especies de los géneros.In this paper we examined the variation of male genitalia Phanaeini Tribe, a dung beetles group with ecological importance by nutrient recycling process carried out. We reviewed 122 specimens of 55 species, 25 specimens of countries such as Costa Rica, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela, and three outgroup species Eucraniini tribe (Eucranium sp., Enerabdus lobocephalus, Anomiopsoides heteroclyta). We present the description of the variation of genital segment, aedeagus, internal sac, sclerite basal, sclerite medial, sclerite elongate and sclerite plate of the species of the six genera of Phanaeini tribe present in Colombian. For phylogenetic analyzes were proposed thirty-five characters based on male genitalia to evaluate 58 species, using software DELTA, NONA and WinClada.
The results of this work show that the male genitalia of species of the tribe Phanaeini are heterogeneous, the diversification in morphology of the genitalia is sufficiently wide, variation represented in the multiple forms of the sclerites in the internal sac. Phylogenetic relationships show that all species of the tribe are defined by two synapomorphies, shape of apex of aedeagus rounded and raspules in form of V inverted in the upper end of the internal sac; this is an exploratory analysis that gives a general idea about relationships phylogenetic Phanaeni tribe from characters of the male genitalia furthermore of the relationships between species of the genus.Bibliografía: páginas 167-179.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias Biológica
