355 research outputs found
Mapping the timing of cropland abandonment and recultivation in northern Kazakhstan using annual Landsat time series
No full textThe causal effect of agricultural landscape simplification on Germany’s grasslands during a compound drought and heatwave in 2018
No full textPreserving ecosystem services and economic and environmental benefits will require future landscape policies to identify and incorporate specific landscape features. In this paper we define the term, agricultural landscape simplification, as the reduced compositional and configurational heterogeneity characterized by lower diversity and smaller numbers, sizes, and simpler arrangements of agricultural land uses, which can impair multiple regulating ecosystem services. To examine the causal effects of agricultural landscape simplification on grassland drought impact, we derive a novel remote-sensing product to measure spatial variation in the impact of drought in grasslands during a prolonged drought and heatwave in 2018, and relate it to a multidimensional index of landscape simplification based on landscape metrics. Our causal identification strategy relies on a spatially explicit fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) and uses Germany’s former inner border as an exogenous predictor of agricultural landscape simplification intensity. We identify that a 10 % increase in agricultural landscape simplification is associated with a 7 % increase in grassland drought impact at the former inner border, and quantify the potential forgone revenues associated with the decrease in grassland productivity at approximately 52 € per ha. Our results suggest that identifying the full range of agricultural landscape simplification’s adverse environmental and economic effects would improve preventive landscape policy designs enhancing drought resistance and fostering climate change adaptation strategies.Keywords: Drought, Grassland, Landscape Simplification, Former Inner German Border, Fuzzy RDDJEL-codes: Q54, Q1
Annual pasture management around Novo Progresso, Para, Brazil from 2013 - 2015
No full text<p>This dataset contains the three maps produced from a dense Landsat time series using the clear observation sequence approach described in Jakimow, B., Griffiths, P., van der Linden, S. and Hostert, P. (2017) Mapping pasture management in the Brazilian Amazon from dense Landsat time series. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.10.009. The maps summarize the annual pasture management in the Novo Progresso region, Pará, Brazil between 2013 and 2015.</p>
Utilizing the depth of the Landsat archive to reconstruct recent land change in the Carpathian ecoregion
No full textFererkundliches monitoring von Landnutzungswandel ist eine Grundvoraussetzung um negative Auswirkungen globaler Umweltveränderungen zu reduzieren. Verfügbare Methoden unterliegen jedoch räumlichen und zeitlichen Einschränkungen. Die Öffnung des Landsat Archivs, bessere Datenqualität, fortgeschrittene Algorithmen und Rechenkapazitäten erlauben verbessertes Verständnis von Muster-Prozess Zusammenhängen, falls diese Einschränkungen überwunden werden. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, Methoden zu entwickeln und anzuwenden, die eine bessere Nutzung des Landsat Archivs ermöglichen, um Landnutzungswandel in den Karpaten seit 1985 zu quantifizieren. Das sekundäre Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie der Zusammenbruch des Sozialismus und der Beitritt zur Europäischen Union den regional Landnutzungswandel beeinträchtigt hat. Dafür wurde zunächst ein zeitreihenbasiertes Verfahren genutzt, um mittels verbesserter zeitlicher Auflösung ein besseres Verständnis von Waldstörungsdynamiken während der Umstrukturierung von Forstbesitzverhältnissen zu erlangen. Anschliessend wurden Compositing Algorithmen entwickelt, und mittels dieser die regionalen forst- und landwirtschaftlichen Veränderungen quantifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass das Ende des Sozialismus zu einer drastischen Reduzierung der Waldstörungen geführt hat und gleichzeitig weitflächig Ackerland aufgegeben wurde. Insgesamt nahm die Waldfläche leicht zu aber übermäßige Störungen erfolgten in verschiedenen Gebieten, verursacht durch den kombinierten Effekt forstwirtschaftlicher Vermächtnisse, natürlicher Störungen sowie Waldbewirtschaftung. Nach dem EU-Beitritt nahmen Störungsdynamiken in den Karpaten im Vergleich zu den ersten Übergangsjahren wieder zu, was auf neuorganiserte Forstwirtschaft mit Zugang zu EU Märkten hindeuten kann. Aufgegebene Ackerflächen wurden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt wiederbewirtschaftet, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch die Agrarpolitik der EU sowie einen zunehmenden Einfluss globaler Märkte.Remote sensing based monitoring of land change is a prerequisite to reduce the negative impacts of global environmental change. However, available monitoring methods suffer from spatial and/or temporal limitations. The opening of the Landsat archive, advancements in data quality, processing algorithms and capabilities, can improve pattern-process understanding if these limitations are overcome. The overall aim of this dissertation was first, to develop and apply methods that better utilize the rich Landsat record and to map and quantify land change in the Carpathian ecoregion since 1985. The secondary objective is to investigate how the collapse of socialism and accession to the European Union (EU) affected regional land change. First, a trajectory based change detection approach was used to investigate how increased observation frequency helps understanding how forest ownership changes affected forest disturbance dynamics. Second, compositing algorithms are developed to facilitate mapping and change detection over large areas. This allowed assessing changes in forest cover and agriculture. Results showed that overall the collapse of socialism led to drastic declines in forest disturbances and simultaneously to widespread cropland abandonment. Forest cover overall expanded but excessive harvesting prevailed in certain areas, due to combined effects of land use legacies, natural disturbances and forest management. Following the EU accession, disturbance levels increased compared to the transition years, potentially relating to a re-established forestry sector with access to EU timber markets. Abandoned cropland was recultivated throughout the Carpathians during the most recent years, likely influenced by the EU Common Agricultural Policy and increasingly by global markets. This dissertation exemplifies the value of the Landsat archive for land change research which can improve our understanding of land change globally and thus help mitigate its negative impacts
Grassland mowing events across Germany detected from combined Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 time series for the years 2017 - 2020
No full textGrasslands provide a wide range of important ecosystem services. Mapping and assessing the status and use intensity of grasslands is thus important for environmental monitoring. We here provide maps with detected mowing events, as a proxy for grassland use intensity, for grassland areas across Germany for the years 2017 to 2020.
The algorithm used to derive the maps is described in Schwieder, et al. (accepted) and is available as a user-defined function for the FORCE (Frantz, D., 2019) environment (https://github.com/davidfrantz/force-udf/tree/main/python/ts/mowingDetection). The here provided GeoTiffs contain a band with the number of detected mowing events per pixel for the repsective year. In the products, only stable grassland areas that were consistently classified as grassland within three years (2017 - 2019) were considered, based on crop maps provided by Blickensdörfer et al. (2021). Note that grassland uses (pasture, mowed, mixed) were not separated prior to analysis. The maps for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were validated in different regions of Germany, with accuracies - in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error - ranging from 35% to 40% (for more details see Schwieder et al. accepted). The maps may thus give an indication of extensively or intensively grassland use.
Please contact the authors, if you are interested in additional products e.g., regarding the estimated mowing dates.
All satellite data were downloaded, pre-processed and structured in an analysis-ready data (ARD) cube using the open-source software FORCE - Framework for Operational Radiometric Correction for Environmental monitoring (Frantz, D., 2019; https://force-eo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ last accessed: 15. October 2021).
References:
Blickensdörfer, L., Schwieder, M., Pflugmacher, D., Nendel, C., Erasmi, S., & Hostert, P.. (2021). National-scale crop type maps for Germany from combined time series of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data (2017, 2018 and 2019) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5153047
Frantz, D. (2019). FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond. Remote Sensing, 11, 1124.
Schwieder, M., Wesemeyer, M., Frantz, D., Pfoch, K., Erasmi, S., Pickert, J., Nendel, C., & Hostert, P. (2022). Mapping grassland mowing events across Germany based on combined Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 269, 112795.
Grassland mowing events across Germany © 2022 by Schwieder, Marcel; Wesemeyer, Maximilian; Frantz, David; Pfoch, Kira; Erasmi, Stefan; Pickert, Jürgen; Nendel, Claas; Hostert, Patrick is licensed under CC BY 4.0
Urban health in megacities extending the framework for developing countries
No full textGrübner O, Staffeld R, Khan MH, Burkart K, Krämer A, Hostert P. Urban health in megacities extending the framework for developing countries. IHDP update. Magazine of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 2011;(1):42-49
Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives
No full textPublished first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Jörg Niewöhner, Antje Bruns, Helmut Haberl, Patrick Hostert, Tobias Krueger, Christian Lauk, Juliana Lutz, Daniel Müller, and Jonas Ø. Nielsen: “Land Use Competition. Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives”. In: Land Use Competition: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives. Edited by Jörg Niewöhner, Antje Bruns, Patrick Hostert, Tobias Krueger, Jonas Ø. Nielsen, Helmut Haberl, Christian Lauk, Juliana Lutz, and Daniel Müller. Human-Environment Interactions 6. Springer, 2016. Chapter 1, pages 1–17. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33628-2_1This chapter introduces competition as a heuristic concept to analyse how specific land use practices establish themselves against possible alternatives. We briefly outline the global importance of land use practices as the material and symbolic basis for people’s livelihoods, particularly the provision of food security and well-being. We chart the development over time from research on land cover towards research on drivers of land use practices as part of an integrated land systems science. The increasingly spatially, temporally and functionally distributed nature of these drivers poses multiple challenges to research on land use practices. We propose the notion of ‘competition’ to respond to some of these challenges and to better understand how alternative land use practices are negotiated. We conceive of competition as a relational concept. Competition asks about agents in relation to each other, about the mode or the logic in which these relations are produced and about the material environments, practices and societal institutions through which they are mediated. While this has centrally to do with markets and prices, we deliberately open the concept to embrace more than economic perspectives. As such competition complements a broadening of analytical attention from the ‘who’, ‘what’ and ‘when’ to include prominently the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of particular land use practices and the question to whom this matters and ought to matter. We suggest that competition is an analytically productive concept, because it does not commit the analyst to a particular epistemological stance. It addresses reflexivity and feed-back, emergence and downward causation, history and response rates—concepts that all carry very different conceptual and analytical connotations in different disciplines. We propose to make these differences productive by putting them alongside each other through the notion of competition. Last not least, the heuristic lens of competition affords the combination of empirical and normative aspects, thus addressing land use practices in material, social and ethical terms
Bibliographie critique
No full textFahl Gundolf, Samson Jean K., Pellet Alain, Hostert Jean, Cot Jean-Pierre, Bastid Suzanne, Feuer Guy, Kiss Alexandre-Charles, Coussirat-Coustère Vincent, Malagnoux Paule, Charpentier Jean, Daillier Patrick, Voisset Michèle, Combacau Jean, Dupuy Pierre-Marie, Manin Aleth, Dossou R, Schmidt-Ohlendorf Horst, Simon-Depitre Marthe, V. S., Quéneudec Jean-Pierre, T. H., L. C., Kovar Robert, V. T. Bibliographie critique. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 16, 1970. pp. 1037-1101
Bibliographie critique
No full textFahl Gundolf, Samson Jean K., Pellet Alain, Hostert Jean, Cot Jean-Pierre, Bastid Suzanne, Feuer Guy, Kiss Alexandre-Charles, Coussirat-Coustère Vincent, Malagnoux Paule, Charpentier Jean, Daillier Patrick, Voisset Michèle, Combacau Jean, Dupuy Pierre-Marie, Manin Aleth, Dossou R, Schmidt-Ohlendorf Horst, Simon-Depitre Marthe, V. S., Quéneudec Jean-Pierre, T. H., L. C., Kovar Robert, V. T. Bibliographie critique. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 16, 1970. pp. 1037-1101
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