1,720,972 research outputs found
Finishing Processes and Recent Developments
No full textThis chapter discusses the most prevalent finishing methods and types, and explores some of the new developments that are set to revolutionise certain areas of textile finishing. The lustrous appearance can be further enhanced by impregnating the fabric with a waxy or starchy additive before calendering, which then fills the gaps in the fabric and results in an even smoother finish. Chemical finishes are typically available as an aqueous solution or emulsion, so the application of these agents is generally referred to as ‘wet finishing’. The fabric is submerged in a liquor containing chemicals, the saturated fabric is then passed into a nip to squeeze out excess liquor and the finished fabric is then cured and/or dried. Finishes that are hydrophobic and oleophobic are often referred to as stain-resistant or soil-resistant finishes, as they prevent a wide range of potentially staining liquids from wetting the fabric
Reuse of a treated textile effluent from cobalt oxide and sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation process
No full textThesis (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020Reactive dye waste effluents are the most difficult to treat, as they are highly polluted due to the
structure of the dyestuffs and chemicals used during the dyeing process. Due to the water shortage and
environmental pollution, textile industries are encouraged to treat the waste effluent produced during
dyeing processes so as to facilitate its reuse, as this will contribute to mitigating environmental pollution
and minimise water consumption. However, relatively few of the treatment technologies employed for
the treatment of textile wastewater are applicable for water that is intended for reuse. Many treatment
technologies exist for the treatment of textile waste effluents, but are either limited in efficiency or high
in operating and energy cost. Chemical treatment methods such as the cobalt oxide mediated sulphate
radical-based advanced oxidation process (CO-SR-AOP) shows promise but have not yet been evaluated
for the reuse of textile wastewater in the dyeing process.
The purpose of this work is to study the reusability of a treated reactive dye effluent obtained from
dyeing cotton fabrics using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by a cobalt oxide (Co3O4) catalyst and
using a laboratory-scale continuous wastewater treatment reactor. In order to achieve this, a cobalt oxide
catalyst was hydrothermally synthesised, cotton fabrics were bleached as pre-treatment prior to being
dyed using blue reactive dye and tap water to produce the necessary textile waste effluent. The produced
waste effluent was treated with Oxone (PMS) and a cobalt oxide catalyst; then reused in the next dyeing
process, using an identical dyeing recipe. The pH of the treated effluent was corrected to neutral before
its reuse. The waste effluent from the first cycle of dyeing was treated before its next reuse. This process
was carried out for a maximum of three cycles. The dyed fabrics obtained using the treated effluent were
compared with the ones dyed with tap water in terms of colour fastness. The optimisation of the
reusability of a treated effluent from cobalt oxide and sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation process
was carried out using Design-Expert software version 11.1.2.0 using a Box-Behnken design taken from
response surface methodology. The effects of three factors were studied: Oxone level, dye concentration
and reuse cycles at low, high and medium levels in fifteen experimental runs. Colour fastness of the dyed
fabrics was studied as the response of the trials.
Based on the preliminary results, the treated effluent can be reused in two successive reuse cycles
without altering the fabric’s quality. To obtain more or less 80% colour removal, waste effluent with 3%
dye concentration must be obtained and treated with a high dosage of Oxone (3.5 g/l). Salt can be
recovered by using this process, but with a darker shade of dyed fabric as a result, when compared with the reference. Varying dilution factors and standing times of the treated effluent were investigated but
did not have significant influence on the colour quality of the dyed fabrics.
A useful model was found to predict the colour fastness of dyed fabrics with an effluent treated with the
continuous wastewater treatment reactor system using PMS activated by Co
3
O
4
. The study of the
interaction effects of all three parameters led to the finding that to obtain good colour fastness grading of
the dyed fabrics, the treated effluent can be reused a maximum of two iterations, with a dye
concentration of 5% and an Oxone concentration of 1 g/L. The predicted optimum process conditions for
this process were 1.3 g/l of Oxone used to treat a waste effluent with 4.4% dye concentration and reuse
in a maximum of three reuse cycles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Recent developments in smart footwear for diabetic patients
No full textThere is a significant increase in the number diabetic patients throughout the world. The main reason for such an increase is the inactive urban lifestyle, reduced physical activity and unhealthy food habits
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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