4,676 research outputs found
Transcription Factor AP-2 Regulatory Signatures in Breast Cancer
No full textPhDAP-2 transcription factors are highly conserved basic helix-span-helix proteins whose
members ((x, ß, y, S and c) are crucial regulators of bryonic development. They also
play an important role in human neoplasia. uohis ochemical studies have detected
high levels of AP-2y expression in primary tumo of breast cancer patients. This high
expression has been correlated with reduced survival in all patients and reduced survival
in an ERa positive subset treated with hormone therapy. In breast cancer cell lines, AP-
2 factors have been implicated in the regulation of the ERBB2 proto-oncogene and ERa.
In an effort to further understand the role of AP-2y in breast carcinoma, this study has
sought to identify additional AP-2 activated cellular pathways and ultimately novel
transcriptional targets for AP-2 through the use of gene expression profiling.
RNAi using three independent AP-2y targeting sequences, has been used to deplete AP-
2y levels in the ERa positive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line, chosen as it exclusively
expresses the AP-2y family member. Microarrays were then utilised to create an AP-2y
dependent transcription profile. Statistical comparisons between non-silencing control
siRNA and AP-2y targeting siRNA groups identified a total of 162 gene expression
changes (p<0.01). These changes implicate AP-2y in the control of cell cycle
progression and developmental signalling. Indeed a role for AP-2y in the control of cell
cycle, in particular at the GUS transition, has been verified using flow cytometry.
Several of these gene expression changes, including IGFBP3, Transgelin and
KIAA1324, have been confirmed using qPCR and immunoblotting.
Finally, elevated levels of p21 mRNA and protein have been observed following AP-2y
silencing in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the activity of a p21 promoter reporter is
repressed following transfection with an AP-2y expression construct in HepG2 cells.
These results coupled with ChIP experiments showing AP-2y occupancy at the proximal
promoter region of p21 in cycling MCF-7 cells, implicate AP-2y in the repression of
p21 transcription and suggest a role for AP2y in- the, control of cell cycle in breast
carcinoma in part through the transcriptional repression of p21
The Treatment of Ties in AP Correlation
No full textThe Kendall tau and AP correlation coefficients are very commonly use to compare two rankings over the same set of items. Even though Kendall tau was originally defined assuming that there are no ties in the rankings, two alternative versions were soon developed to account for ties in two different scenarios: measure the accuracy of an observer with respect to a true and objective ranking, and measure the agreement between two observers in the absence of a true ranking. These two variants prove useful in cases where ties are possible in either ranking, and may indeed result in very different scores. AP correlation was devised to incorporate a top-heaviness component into Kendall tau, penalizing more heavily if differences occur between items at the top of the rankings, making it a very compelling coefficient in Information Retrieval settings. However, the treatment of ties in AP correlation remains an open problem. In this paper we fill this gap, providing closed analytical formulations of AP correlation under the two scenarios of ties contemplated in Kendall tau. In addition,we developed an R package that implements these coefficients.Best Short Paper Accepted author manuscriptMultimedia ComputingWeb Information System
Thermal decomposition and combustion of ammine: AP pellets
No full textThermal decomposition and combustion of lithium perchlorate ammine:ammonium perchlorate (LPA:AP) and magnesium perchlorate ammine:ammonium perchlorate (MPA:AP) pellets have been studied using DTA, TG, and strand burner techniques. The DTA results of the ammine:AP pellets show that the addition of ammines lowers the ignition temperature of AP. However, isothermal TG of the ammine:AP pellets show that in the case of LPA:AP pellets the extent of decomposition increases with the increase in the concentration of LPA; whereas in the case of MPA:AP pellets the extent of decomposition decreases with the increase in the concentration of MPA. Similarly, LPA:AP pellets show higher burning rates compared to AP pellets. On the other hand, MPA:AP pellets show lower burning rates compared to AP pellets. Increasing the concentration of MPA in MPA:AP pellets completely suppresses the combustion. These results are explained on the basis of the thermal characteristics of the additives and their decomposition products
Delamination Analysis of A Class of AP-PLY Composite Laminates
No full textA recently developed fiber placement architecture, AP-PLY, has been shown to give significantly improved damage tolerance characteristics of composite structures. The behavior of delaminations resulting from low speed impact damage is of particular concern. Major attention has been paid to expand current knowledge on the delamination response of simple AP-PLY composite structure and move towards in-depth understanding of the failure mechanisms behind the damage tolerance. This thesis presents the approaches to predict delamination onset and analyze delamination growth, in support of the search of the optimum woven pattern for AP-PLY composite laminates. The recovered interlaminar stress between layers combined with the maximum stress criterion determined the delamination onset of simple AP-PLY composite laminate under out-of-plane loads. 2D finite element models with cohesive elements inserted in the interfaces of woven layers have been built to evaluate the delamination initiation and propagation in the different woven patterns of simple AP-PLY composite beams. The parameters of the woven pattern, such as the woven angle, the number of woven plies, the number of straight filled plies, and the location of the woven patterns in through the thickness direction, were investigated and shown to have a significant effect on delamination creation and growth. An energy method based on beam theory was proposed to analyze the strain energy release rate (SERR) of an existing crack in an AP-PLY beam structure. The developed analytical method was implemented in isotropic materials and the obtained SERR of a crack was validated by reference results and finite element solutions. The general behavior of crack growth on the left or right crack tip was evaluated and basic trends leading to crack propagation on one side of the crack were established. A correction factor was introduced to improve the accuracy of the SERR of a small crack through the numerical calculation. The singularity of crack tip caused by dissimilar materials was investigated and was found that the inclusion of the singularity effect could increase the accuracy for small cracks. It has been shown that the neutral axis needs to be relocated to decouple the bending and membrane behavior of unsymmetrical composite laminates, thus to meet the requirement of minimizing the strain energy of the delaminated beam to calculate the SERR of a delaminated composite beam. The calculated SERR of a crack in a composite beam has been verified by comparing with a finite element model. The woven plies in AP-PLY composite laminate altered the layup and two conventional laminates with different stacking sequences were identified in an AP-PLY composite laminate based on the assumption that the resin areas were ignored. A step by step approach was developed to obtain the SERR of a crack that goes across different materials. The analytical SERR determined when two materials are used in sequence, sets the stage for optimization of AP-PLY composite laminates without taking account of the effect of the resin area. The procedure of optimization of simple AP-PLY pattern was proposed and industry may benefit for many applications. An equivalent stiffness approach was used to model regions containing resin pockets and straight or inclined composite layers. A series of three point bending tests was carried out where the failure process and loading capacity were evaluated. The methodology, procedure of optimization, philosophy outlined in this thesis might also be applied to the more complicated fully woven AP-PLY composite laminates. The work in this thesis contributes to the understanding of the behavior of AP-PLY composite laminates with delaminations
Structure function analysis of blazars AP Librae and 3c279
No full textHighest Honors in AstronomyBlazars AP Librae and 3c279 are analyzed for microvariability using a technique known as structure function analysis. AP Librae was observed in April
of 2005 and 3c279 was observed in April of 2007. The data for AP Librae was
previously reduced by Andrew Collazzi and the author reduced the data for
3c279. Both sets of data were reduced using Robert Knop's data reduction
program.
The author ran structure function analysis on both sets of data. Structure function analysis is a statistical analysis run on data that is suppose to
nd timescales of variability, periodicity, and the noise type of data. Previous analysis of AP Librae confirmed mircrovariability, which also shows up in
the structure function of AP Librae. Blazar 3c279 was much quieter than AP
Librae and showed no microvariability durning any of the nights.College of Arts and ScienceDepartment of Physics and Astronom
AP-based wireless intrusion detection systems
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
No full textGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
The Quest for Deeper Learning and Engagement in Advanced High School Courses
No full text· GLEF and a research team from the University of Washington worked with Washington\u27s Bellevue School District to develop and assess the impact of project-based learning on upper-level courses in high school.
· Research suggests that Advanced Placement (AP) courses may focus too much on accelerated content at the expense of deeper conceptual learning.
· The number of students taking AP courses has grown, but along with this the number failing has increased. GLEF and the research team tested project-based learning (PBL) to counteract this trend.
· Results after two years are promising. Students in the PBL-AP courses are performing as well or better than students in traditional AP courses.
· Other education funders are encouraged to use an iterative design process, work with a diverse design team, and bring in partners who can contribute needed expertise and resources
Threes Get Degrees? Evaluating the Performance of AP-3 Students and AP Credit Acceptance Policy at ASU
No full textabstract: The goal of this study is to test the assumption that an AP score of 3 is equivalent to a C and gain an understanding of how AP-3 students are performing academically at ASU and how to interpret a 3 when evaluating ASU AP credit acceptance policy. Of primary interest is comparing the performance of AP-3 students to those non-AP students that got a C or higher in the corresponding course. To accomplish this, a tabular analysis of academic performance by AP score is conducted using aggregate student data from the ASU 2012-2014 cohorts. Among the performances considered are GPA, time to graduation, performance in the corresponding and following course at ASU, and more. Following this, a model is estimated for the impact that a 3 has on a student’s time to graduation when compared to non-AP students that got a C in the corresponding course. (abstract
AP differences between sensory neuronal groups, and outward currents in Nav1.8-cre<sup>+</sup> neurons.
No full texta. Comparison of AP shapes generated in S1 CGRP-cre+/Nav1.8-cre+, S4 CGRP-cre-/Nav1.8-cre+ and S6 CGRP-cre-/Nav1.8-cre+ neurons. AP “hump” in S1 neurons and “bow” in S4 neurons are indicated with black and red arrows, respectively. S6 neurons’ AP does not display any deflection during the falling phase of AP. b. Comparison of AP in S6 and S7 neurons. Deflection on the falling phase of S7 neuron AP is indicated by black arrow. c. Comparison of single AP in M1 and M3 CGRP-cre+ neuronal group. “Hump” is marked with blue arrow, while “deflection” is indicated with black arrow. d. Comparison of AP in M3 and M4 Nav1.8-cre+/CGRP-cre- DRG neurons. M3 neuron’s AP “deflection” is indicated with black arrow, and M4 neuron’s AP with no “deflection” is shown with red arrow. e. Typical outward current (I) produced from Nav1.8-cre+/CGRP-cre- S6 and S7 neuronal groups. f. Typical I produced from the CGRP-cre+ S1-S3 group neurons. g. Typical I produced from CGRP-cre+ M1 and M3 group neurons. Names of neuronal groups are specified above traces. The time scale (horizontal bar) is 25 ms for each panel.</p
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