1,721,440 research outputs found
A systematic review of the effectiveness of community-based interventions aimed at improving health literacy of parents of children
No full textBackgroundMany community-based interventions have been developed to increase parent/caregiver health literacy, yet no systematic review of their effectiveness has been published. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of community-based health literacy interventions in improving the health literacy of parents/caregivers.MethodsA systematic review of six databases; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Education Source were conducted to identify relevant articles. Risk of bias were assessed using version two of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials or the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions. The study findings were grouped and synthesised following the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis framework.ResultsEleven community-based health literacy interventions for parents/caregivers were identified. Study design included randomised controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomised studies with comparison group (n = 4), and non-randomised studies without a comparison group (n = 3). Interventions were delivered digitally, in person or a combination of the two. The main findings of the studies showed some potential for both in person and digital interventions to increase parental health literacy. The risk of bias was high in over half the studies (n = 7) Studies were heterogeneous preventing a meta-analysis.DiscussionAlthough no definitive conclusion of the effectiveness of community-based interventions can be drawn there are suggestions of improvement in many of the studies included in this review. The review has brought into question whether the health literacy measurement tools used met the needs of assessing the interventions outcomes. When comparing the cost and resources needed for digital with in person interventions, the findings of this review have implications for both practise and research.Key messagesMethodologically stronger primary research, informed by theory, is needed to capture the components of effective health literacy intervention for parents.Researchers in the field of health literacy need to consider the suitability of using screening tools to measure change in health literacy post intervention
Health literacy profiling of parents in two disadvantaged inner-city areas in the United Kingdom
No full textBackground : Health literacy refers to the skills needed to access, understand, and navigate health information and services. Limited parental health literacy is associated with ineffective preventive behaviours and worse child health outcomes. People with limited financial and social resources are more likely to have limited health literacy. Profiling health literacy strengths and limitations of a population allows the multidimensional nature of health literacy to be considered and highlight patterns of need. Aims : This study aimed to identify the health literacy profiles of parents of children aged 0–4 years in two cities in the United Kingdom with high levels of deprivation (Portsmouth, Southampton), and develop vignettes to illustrate their diverse experiences. Methods : A mixed-methods approach was employed using the Optimising Health Literacy and Access framework. Quantitative data were collected using the Health Literacy Questionnaire-Parent version (HLQ-Parent) among parents from two cities. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on the HLQ-Parent data to identify clusters reflecting varied health literacy strengths and limitations across its nine domains. Demographic data enriched the profiles. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews contextualized the clusters, with vignettes created to represent each profile in an explanatory sequential design. Results : A total of 175 participants (mean age 33 years; 98% female) completed the HLQ-Parent. Eight clusters with distinct health literacy profiles emerged. In both cities, one cluster (44% of participants) exhibited high scores across all domains, while another cluster (20% of participants) displayed significant challenges across all domains. Eight vignettes were created to represent the lived experiences of parents within each health literacy profile, highlighting the unique strengths and challenges faced by each cluster. Discussion : This study provides a deeper understanding of how parents use health information and navigate services to manage their children’s health and wellbeing. The findings highlight that a one-size-fits-all approach to improving health literacy would overlook those with the greatest needs, emphasising the importance of developing interventions to the unique characteristics of each identified health literacy cluster. The vignettes developed will inform future research, including stakeholder workshops, to co-design targeted health literacy interventions and solutions, ensuring they address the specific strengths and challenges identified in this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A novel FOXP3 mutation causing fetal akinesia and recurrent male miscarriages
Get PDFPotential reviewers may include; •Dr Stephen Jolles, University of Wales Hospital, [email protected] •Prof Magda Carneiro-Sampaio, Hospital da Clinicas sa FMUSP, [email protected] •Prof John Routes, Medical College of Wisconsin, [email protected] •Dr Eleonora Gambineri, University of Florence and Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, [email protected]
Varicella zoster virus central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome presenting in a child
No full textA HIV-positive child presented with acute onset of right hemiplegia, facial palsy and dysphasia 4 weeks after commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a left-sided cerebral infarct. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for varicella zoster virus. This is the first reported pediatric case of varicella zoster virus–related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the central nervous system.<br/
The use of routinely collected electronic prescribing data to benchmark intravenous antibiotic use between two tertiary paediatric Haematology-Oncology inpatient units: a retrospective study
No full textPredictors of children's health system use: cross-sectional exploratory study of linked data
No full textBACKGROUND: Use of health services is increasing in many countries. Most health service research exploring determinants of use has focused on adults and on secondary care. Less is known about factors associated with the use of the emergency department (ED) and general practice (GP) among young children. OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with GP consultations and ED attendances among children under 5 in a single UK city. METHODS: Cross-sectional exploratory study using anonymized individual-level health service use data for children aged 0-4 from 21 GPs in Southampton, UK, linked to ED data, over a 1-year period. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the association of socio-demographic factors [using the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) to define socio-economic status] with high service use (defined as more than eight GP consultations and/or two ED attendances respectively). RESULTS: Among 11 062 children, there were 76 092 GP consultations and 6107 ED attendances. Three thousand two hundred thirty-three (29%) children were high users of GP and 564 (5%) of ED services. Greater socio-economic deprivation was independently associated with high use of GP and ED services separately [odds ratios (OR) for most versus least deprived IMD quintile 1.45 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.20-1.75) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.41-3.46), respectively], and together [OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.48-4.65)]. CONCLUSION: Young children are frequent users of health services, particularly GP. Socio-economic deprivation is an important factor. Parents, carers and health services may benefit from interventions that support families in their management of children's health
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