31 research outputs found
Effects of gut microbiota-host Kynurenine Pathway interactions on Caenorhabditis elegans early ageing
Get PDFAging is a multifactorial process characterized by physiological decline and the onset of age- related pathologies. The gut microbiota has emerged as a major modulator of health span and longevity, influencing host biological processes. The kynurenine pathway (KP), a primary catabolic route of tryptophan, produces metabolites with roles in immune regulation and neurotoxicity, making it a potential target for aging interventions. This study investigates the interplay between gut microbiota and the KP in Caenorhabditis elegans, hypothesizing that KP activity influences microbial colonization dynamics and aging-related pathologies. This study also focuses on lifespan modulation, and metabolic activity. Using fluorescently tagged isolates of the CeMbio+ bacterial community i.e. Enterobacter cloacae (CEent1-mPlum), Ochrobactrum vermis (MYb71-sfGFP), Stenotrophomonas indicatrix (JUb19-RFP2), Pantoea nemavictus (BIGb0393a-mPlum), and Enterobacter ludwigii (MYb174-dTom), we studied colonization patterns in wild-type and KP mutant (kmo-1, kynu-1, haao-1, tdo-2 and afmd-1) worms under monoxenic and polyxenic conditions. It was observed that bacterial colonization is influenced by host genetic background and inter-bacterial competition. kmo-1 and haao-1 mutants exhibited enhanced bacterial loads and prolonged colonization, across most bacterial conditons. Certain bacterial strains (E. cloacae, O. vermis, E. ludwigii) were efficient colonizers, while others (P. nemavictus, S. indicatrix) showed lower colonization. Bacterial colonization also influenced aging pathologies, including intestinal atrophy, pharyngeal enlargement and uterine tumour formation, with monoxenic condition (E. cloacae and E. ludwigii) as well as polyxenic condition showing tissue-specific deterioration in KP mutants. Progressive pharyngeal enlargement was observed with most bacterial strains, with E. ludwigii showing a positive correlation between gut colonization and pharyngeal swelling. Uterine tumors appeared earlier (around 48 hours) and were generally larger under polyxenic conditions compared to monoxenic conditions. Lifespan assays showed kmo-1 mutation affects longevity of C. elegans on O. vermis as well as on E. coli. Biolog Ecoplate metabolic profiling revealed that most of transformed bacterial strains phenotypically match their parental strains, maintaining strain-specific activity linked to colonization efficiency and host impact. This study underscores the complex interplay between gut microbiota, Kynurenine pathway mutations, aging and age-associated pathologies
1327 Neonatal simulation fortnight: using simulation to improve neonatal resuscitation skills
No full textUnder-nutrition among adolescents: a survey in five secondary schools in rural Goa.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: This study was done in 2008-09 to assess the nutritional status among adolescents (10-19 years of age, Classes V-XII) in 5 schools in rural Goa to inform the content of a health promotion intervention in these schools. METHODS: Three methods were used. First, nutritional status was measured by assessing body mass index among 1015 students during a health camp in each school. Second, a diet analysis was done to measure energy and protein Intake of 76 randomly selected underweight students. Third, a self-report questionnaire survey measured the prevalence of hunger among 684 students. RESULTS: One-third of students (338; 37.8% boys and 27.5% girls) who attended the health camps were underweight and 59.2% of the 684 students who completed the survey reported experiencing hunger due to inadequate food consumption. More boys were underweight than girls (p<0.001) and under-nutrition was uniform across all the years of schooling. Energy intake of underweight students was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance. The results were shared with the School Health Promotion Advisory Boards to generate information on the stakeholders' perception about the issue and ways to address it. CONCLUSION: There is an immediate need to address the high burden of hunger and under-nutrition in adolescents of both sexes in schools by instituting routine annual monitoring of nutritional status, extending the mid-day meal programme to all school-going adolescents, providing nutritional counselling for underweight adolescents and expanding research on the causes and impact of under-nutrition and evaluation of the impact of the enhanced mid-day meal programme
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Effects of Exenatide Twice Daily and Once Weekly on Weight Loss
No full textClass of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: To determine the effectiveness of exenatide twice daily (ExBID) versus exentatide once weekly (ExQW) on weight loss in type II diabetes. Methods: This study was a meta-analysis. The studies used came from the PubMed database and Cochrane Reviews. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies must have been randomized controlled trials comparing ExBID to ExQW or drug to placebo. The studies that reported weight loss and/or HbA1C were included. Studies that included participants <18 years of age or compared only one dose of exenatide with other anti-diabetic medication without comparing to placebo were excluded. There were 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was weight loss, and the secondary outcome was HbA1C levels. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize data. Main Results: The difference between ExQW and ExBID on weight loss was not statistically significant (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.71, CI -0.84 to -0.58 in ExQW vs SMD = 0.82, CI -1.02 to -0.62 in ExBID; p =0.36). The effect of ExQW on A1C was significantly larger than ExBID (SMD = -1.69 vs -1.07 respectively; p < 0.01). The variability was very high in the ExBID group (69% - 81%) compared to ExQW group (0%). Kendall’s tau was significant (p= 0.01) indicating that there may be publication bias. Conclusion: There is no difference in effect of weight loss between ExQW and ExBID group. Both dosages significantly improve A1C; however, ExBID has larger impact on A1C compared to ExBID.This item is part of the Pharmacy Student Research Projects collection, made available by the College of Pharmacy and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact Jennifer Martin, Librarian and Clinical Instructor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, [email protected]
Diversity and Distribution of Phytoplankton at selected sites of Jamnagar coast, Gujarat, India
Get PDFPhytoplanktons are the primary producer of marine ecosystems and contribute towards the primary productivity of aquatic environment. The present study was carried out at three selected sites of Gulf of Kachchh (GoK) viz; Pirotan, Sachana and Roziport. During the study, a total of 106 species of phytoplankton were recorded, of which the highest species diversity was found at Rozi followed by Pirotan and Sachana. The maximum number of species diversity was contributed by the class Bacillariophyceae with 81.5 percentage , 79 percentage and 83 percentage at Pirotan, Rozi and Sachana, respectively. Rozi port reported the highest number of harmful phytoplankton i.e. some members of Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae. The highest number of species was recorded at Rozi port (75 sp.) followed by Pirotan (54 sp.) and Sachana (46 sp.). The varied environmental conditions prevailing at three study sites may cause variation in species composition at these sites
 
Study of causes and complications of intra uterine fetal death (IUFD)
Get PDFBackground: Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD) is tragic event for the parents and obstetrician. Identification of causes of IUFD will be helpful in counseling of parents as well as for formulating preventive measures. Objectives of current study were to study the causes of Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD), associated complications and to suggest preventive measures.Methods: Study design: retrospective observational study. This study was carried out over a period of 3 months (April2014- June 2014) at a tertiary care hospital. Inclusion criteria was all IUFD >20 weeks of gestation.Results: Out of 1850 total births during the study period 80 IUFD occurred. Hence proportion of IUFD was 4.3%. In our study, Still Birth Rate (SBR) as per WHO criteria (28 weeks) was 22.1 per 1000. Registered patients were 24 (30%) whereas 56 (70%) were emergency admissions. Majority of cases, 48 (60%) were multigravidae with past obstetric history of abortion and IUFD in 13 (16.2%) and 9 (11.2%) respectively. In 31 (38.7%) no identifiable cause of IUFD was found whereas cause was identified in 49 (61.3%). IUFD occurred in 27 (33.7%) cases of PIH and eclampsia, out of them abruptio placenta was present in 10 (12.5%). Other causes of IUFD were anemia, oligoamnios, fever, congenital anomaly, cord accidents and jaundice in 9 (11.2%), 5 (6.2%), 3 (3.7%), 2 (2.5%), 2 (2.5%) and 1 (1.2%) respectively. Vaginal delivery occurred in 73 (91.2%) and 7 (8.7%) required surgical intervention. Most common complication associated with IUFD was Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in 18 (22.5%) followed by Sepsis in 8 (10%), Acute Renal Failure (ARF) in 3 (3.7%), Maternal mortality in 1 (1.2%).Conclusions: Anemia, PIH, accidental haemorrhage were leading causes of IUFD. Majority of women who had IUFD were emergency admission who had not received adequate antenatal care. A significant proportion of IUFD is preventable by health education to patients and community for regular antenatal care, about warning signs during antenatal period, hospital delivery and early referral.
Assessment of spatial and temporal variations in coastal water quality of Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat using GIS application
Get PDF2313-2320The monitoring of coastal water quality was done on seasonal basis in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon for three years duration (November 2011 to December 2014). Data obtained were applied to Arc-GIS software 10.3 for the preparation of thematic maps to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation in water quality parameters. Cluster analysis showed formation of two clusters which grouped 17 sites in two dominant ecosystems namely mangrove and coral
Study of feto-maternal outcome in patients of jaundice in third trimester of pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: Jaundice in pregnancy is an important medical disorder, more commonly seen in developing countries than developed ones. It comprises of a formidable list of complications that may adversely affect the pregnant woman and her fetus. Objective of current study was to study causes and feto-maternal outcome in pregnancies with jaundice in 3rd trimester.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 49 patients admitted in department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at a tertiary care hospital with jaundice in 3rd trimester of pregnancy during the period from September 2008 to September 2010.Results: Out of 9972 deliveries, 49 patients were admitted with jaundice in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Out of them 91.1% patients delivered. Vaginal delivery occurred in 82.2% and Cesarean section done in 17.7%. Preterm delivery occurred in 68.8%, low birth weight (LBW) was found in 82.2%, perinatal mortality occurred in 34.6% and maternal mortality occurred in 16.3% of patients.Conclusions: Jaundice in 3rd trimester of pregnancy leads to preterm delivery, fetal distress, intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) and high perinatal & maternal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis & aggressive management at tertiary care center help in reducing maternal & perinatal morbiditiy and mortality
