142 research outputs found
Performance evaluation of forwarding algorithms for generalized storage aware routing protocols
No full textThis thesis presents an investigation of the design and evaluation of the generalized storage aware routing (GSTAR) protocol proposed for use in the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture. The GSTAR protocol uses in-network storage to improve service quality and throughput in wireless access networks with varying radio link quality and/or disconnection. These gains are achieved using a combination of short-term buffering at routers to smooth out fluctuations in path quality along with delay-tolerant storage, to overcome total disconnection of the mobile device. The performance of the GSTAR protocol is evaluated for exemplary wireless access network scenarios using ns-3 based simulation models, and key design parameters are investigated. Each node in GSTAR maintains two kinds of topology information. The intra-partition graph contains information about path quality between nodes in the current partition of the network. The path quality is determined using two metrics: short term and long term expected transmission time (SETT and LETT). Every node compares these two metrics using the store/forward decision threshold and stores the data on finding that the path is degraded with the expectation that it may improve in the future. Inter-partition graph gives a probabilistic view of the connection patterns between nodes in the network. It is used in the event of disconnections or partitions. An ns-3 based simulation model is described which includes nodes with storage, hop-by-hop transport, time-varying wireless channels and mobile users with possible disconnection. The model is used to evaluate different forwarding algorithms in GSTAR. Using a baseline threshold scheme where packets are temporarily stored when SETT > 1.1 * LETT, it is shown that the resulting system achieves performance improvements over the baseline with no storage. The threshold algorithm is studied further to consider adaptive settings based on the moving average and other temporal filters of the SETT sequence. The results show that if link quality fluctuations are random, the moving average scheme works well, while an exponentially weighted moving average is recommended for on-off channels with periodic outages. Simulation results are provided in each case, showing the benefit of adaptive threshold settings over the baseline non-adaptive case considered in earlier work.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nehal Soman
Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate in effect of Hesperidine on renal complication in Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in Sprague dawley diabetic rats. Hyperglycaemia is most probably a contributing factor in the development of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) in many patients. Both clinical and experimental data suggest that hyperglycaemia increases the risk of ARF. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Hesperidine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Hesperidine improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. In conclusion, Hesperidine shows potent may improve renal complication in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected]; Tel: +919825882522Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Divyang Patel, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(2): 45-50
A Mindful Environmental Jurisprudence?: Speculations on the Application of Gandhi’s Thought to MCWC v. Nestlé
No full textWe attempt to engage modern legal reasoning with Gandhi’s thought. We hope to speculate on what jurisprudence would look like if it were more mindful of the concepts central to Gandhi’s thought. By using Gandhi as an intellectual anchor, we hope to take a step toward creating a more “mindful jurisprudence” that implicitly incorporates into its reasoning the needs of environmental stewardship, disempowered populations, and the poverty-stricken. Because Gandhi’s thought has been discussed at length in environmental justice campaigns, we begin this effort by examining the relationship between environmental law and Gandhi’s thought. Given Gandhi’s commentaries on exploitative and oppressive social relationships, we focus on the intersections of law, environment, and economy.
We use the recent suit, Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation v. Nestlé Waters North America, Inc. (MCWC), as a case study to which we apply themes from Gandhi’s thought.
Applying Gandhi’s thought to MCWC is useful for two reasons. First, MCWC contains several core legal doctrines that appear regularly in environmental cases (and in case law more broadly). As a result, our applications of Gandhi’s thought directly apply to other environmental cases. Second, the case involves a defendant-corporation’s encroachment onto a stream used by local plaintiff-civilians. Environmental justice campaigns often involve similar factual circumstances in which local people resist large outsider organizations. Therefore, using Gandhi’s thought, we examine the legal reasoning in MCWC to identify taken-for-granted assumptions about environment and society that favor outside parties over local residents
Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate the effect of Valsartan on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation in diabetic condition, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Valsartan (8 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and histopathology were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of nitrite in kidney tissue, serum marker Albumin and Blood urea nitrogen were significantly changed. Valsartan improved the renal dysfunction and nitrite after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Light microscopic evaluation of the kidneys of the diabetic rats with I/R only showed tubular cell swelling, interstitial edema, tubular dilatation, and moderate to severe necrosis, whereas, Valsartan improve tubular dilation, loss of interstitial hemorrhage, and glomerular atrophy. In conclusion, Valsartan as a beneficial agent on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. -------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected], Tel: +919825882522Â Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 12-17
Investigating the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) in oral squamous cell carcinoma
No full textOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the mucosal epithelium affecting ~600,000 patients a year. Patient prognosis remains poor despite improvements in the therapeutic regime. Therefore, new therapeutic targets must be identified that improve the current standard of care. Regulation of mRNA translation plays a critical role in oncogenesis and cancer progression. Particularly, the IRES-mediated non-canonical translation of distinct mRNAs has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) is a key factor that drives IRES-mediated translation of distinct anti-apoptotic proteins and is implicated in the pathophysiology of several malignancies. Single-cell RNAseq data analysis demonstrated that EIF5B is predominantly expressed in cancer cells compared to other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Further bioinformatic analyses revealed that higher EIF5B mRNA is correlated with poor patient prognosis for OSCC patients. Therefore, we aimed to establish the pre-clinical rationale for eIF5B as a therapeutic target for OSCC. Cell viability data suggested that RNAi-mediated eIF5B depletion significantly increased OSCC cell death under TRAIL treatment. eIF5B depletion also resulted in decreased levels of multiple antiapoptotic proteins. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, invasion, and wound healing assays suggested eIF5B depletion hinders proliferation, invasion and migration phenotypes, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that proteins involved in ERK and NF-κΒ signalling, VEGF and HIF-1α, decreased upon eIF5B depletion. eIF5B depletion also resulted in the decrease of angiogenic biomarkers and endothelial tube formation, suggesting a role of eIF5B depletion in decreasing the angiogenic capability of OSCC cells. Stable eIF5B depletion was achieved with the use of shRNA. Under these conditions, eIF5B depletion increased cell death in the presence of cisplatin. Decreased invasion phenotypes were also observed using shRNA-mediated knockdown, setting up the pipeline to transition experiments into preclinical mouse models. Thus, my work has a strong potential to establish eIF5B as a therapeutic target for OSCC treatment
Devastating complication due to rupture of obstructive perinephric urinoma with secondary pyonephrosis necessitating nephrectomy of nonfunctional kidney in a child
No full textRupture of the pelvicalyceal urinary collecting system causing perirenal and retroperitoneal extravasation of the urine and subsequent mass with secondary infection is a rare complication of ureteral-obstructing calculi. We report a rare case of calyceal rupture with urinoma formation in a child presenting with acute abdomen and nonremitting fever due to secondary pyonephrosis. The retroperitoneal mass on abdomen sonography was confirmed as urinoma communicating with the upper ureter on computed tomography (CT). Gross anatomical observation during surgical intervention revealed extensive pyonephrosis with adhesions involving the adjacent intestinal loop. In addition to complete resection and removal of urinoma, nephrectomy of nonfunctioning right kidney was performed. Patient was discharged after an uneventful postoperative period of 7 days
Series: Mindful Law, Mindful World: Property, Possession, and Consumption Via Gandhi\u27s Thought
No full textRenounce and Enjoy : The Pursuit of Happiness Through Gandhi\u27s Simple Living and High Thinking
No full textDevelopment of aqueous two-phase separations by combining high-throughput screening and process modelling
No full textSeparation based on aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) is a promising downstream separation technology for the production of biological products. The advantages of using aqueous two-phase systems include but are not limited to easy scalability, ease of continuous operation and a favourable environment for biological compounds. One of the main challenges associated with aqueous two-phase systems is process development. This is in part due to the many factors which influence the separation of biological materials in such systems such as polymer and salt type, pH and charge. The large number of factors to consider makes the development of aqueous two-phase systems challenging due to the need to find a robust and efficient separation in a large experimental space. This work addresses this issue by considering the use of dynamic process models and high-throughput experimentation for the development of aqueous two-phase extraction processes for biological products. The use of a dynamic equilibrium stage process model to simulate aqueous two-phase extraction is considered in Chapter 3. The process model is capable of simulating various modes of operation; and both multi-cycle batch and continuous counter-current modes of operation are considered. The capabilities of the model are demonstrated using a case study separation of enzyme α-amylase from impurities in a PEG 4,000-phosphate aqueous two-phase system containing NaCl. The dynamic model allowed investigation into the impact of upstream process variability on a continuous counter-current extraction process. The development of aqueous two-phase systems requires detailed knowledge of the phase diagram. In Chapter 4, PEG 4,000-citrate aqueous two-phase system phase diagrams are determined using a combination of high-throughput screening and lab scale experiments. This involved the development of a systematic two-stage screening approach to determine the binodial curve location to a high accuracy using ~50% of the experimental resources that a single high-resolution screen would use. In addition, a novel method was developed to quantify uncertainty in the phase diagram due to the binodial curve location and tie-line fitting. The characterised phase diagrams were then used to estimate thermodynamic interaction parameters which are used in process models to describe phase equilibria. In Chapter 5, the simulation and high-throughput screening methods of Chapter 3 and 4 are combined to develop an aqueous two-phase extraction separation process. The approach is demonstrated by separating enzyme α-amylase from myoglobin in a PEG 2,000-phosphate aqueous two-phase system containing 6wt% NaCl. High-throughput experimentation is used to determine partitioning behaviour of α-amylase and myoglobin at different tie-line lengths and phase ratios. The experimental partitioning and phase diagram data was then used to simulate a counter-current extraction process. The insights gained using the process model allowed for better decisions to be made regarding selection, control and operation of aqueous two-phase separation equipment. Therefore, the combined approach of using process modelling and high-throughput experimentation allowed for greater amounts of process understanding to be gained for aqueous two-phase systems using limited resources where there is a large experimental space to be navigated
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