17,454 research outputs found
Una interpretación de a-ka-na-jo ( a3-ka-na-jo)
No full textThe author studies the word a-ka-na-jo in the PY Cn 328 tablet and taking into account some factors she proposes αγναιος as the reading of this word.The author studies the word a-ka-na-jo in the PY Cn 328 tablet and taking into account some factors she proposes αγναιος as the reading of this word
Environmental influences over the last 16 ka on compound-specific δ13C variations of leaf wax n-alkanes in the Hani peat deposit from northeast China
No full textCompound-specific carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of leaf wax n-alkanes (C21-C33 odd carbon numbered n-alkanes) were measured in the Hani peat sequence from northeast China. These data were compared with lipid biomarker compositions to assess changes in local vegetation and paleoclimate for the last 16 ka The δ13C values of n-alkanes range between -36.6 and -30.7‰, showing that the compounds originate from C3 plants. Much larger variations (∼5.4‰) in the n-alkane δ13C values than those of atmospheric CO2 during the last 16 ka (< 0.5‰) indicate that the isotopic values were affected by environmental factors in addition to the postglacial δ13C variations in the atmospheric reservoir. The stratigraphic records of δ13C reveal decoupled fluctuations among the individual n-alkanes, particularly between 15.5 to 11.4 ka. Synchronous excursions in the δ13C offsets among individual n-alkanes (Δδ13C) and lipid biomarker paleoplant proxies (Paq, and C23/C31 and C27/C31) from 14.9 to 13.2 ka and 12.7 to 11.6 ka suggest that vegetational changes are the most likely causes for the decoupled δ13C variations. Parallel fluctuations of the δ13C values of terrestrial higher plant-derived C29 and C31 n-alkanes and the n-alkane average chain-length (ACL) from 11 to 6 ka indicate that the δ13C variations responded to net evaporation changes. Negative shifts in the n-alkane δ13C values coinciding with the ACL decreases at 10.5-9.3 ka and 8.1 ka indicate the short-term onset and fluctuations of the summer monsoon strength in eastern China during the early Holocene
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“Sehat Ka Insaf ”: A Model for Overcoming Polio in Pakistan
No full textPoliomyelitis, more commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious disease caused by poliovirus. The virus enters through the mouth or nose and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, spreading primarily through feces, unclean hands, contaminated drinking water and improper sanitation. The condition primarily affects children under the age of five and induces damage in motor neurons, triggering a variety of symptoms including fever, fatigue, headaches, vomiting, stiffness of neck and pain in limbs.1 In approximately one in 200 infections, the virus enters the central nervous system, leading to irreversible paralysis.2
In 1988, when a startling 350,000 cases of polio were reported worldwide, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliovirus and launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.1 Although the global eradication plan has reduced the number of cases of polio from 350,000 in 1988 to 223 reported cases in 2012, the final endemic reservoirs of resistance in Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan have provided the greatest hardships for public health authorities.2 In these countries, polio persists at the margins of society where critical health services are lacking or even nonexistent. As a result, the greatest challenge for workers has been to vaccinate enough children to drive immunity levels above a threshold percentage, whereby herd immunity is achieved. Herd immunity is a form of immunity that occurs when a substantial percentage of a population is immunized from a virus, making those who are not immunized protected, because the virus cannot spread from person to person as easily. For the poliovirus, the herd immunity threshold percentage is between 80-86%.3
India was previously considered one of the most resistant countries to polio eradication efforts due to its poor sanitation, high population density and migrant communities. However, since India’s strategies to eliminate polio proved successful in 2012, their novel techniques have been adopted in polio campaigns around the world, including in neighboring Pakistan. Despite Pakistan’s efforts to modify their strategies based on India’s model of success, Pakistan has not been able to completely interrupt polio transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) writes that when proven eradication strategies, such as those of India, are fully implemented, polio transmission is halted.2 Yet, it is ironic that Pakistan continues to struggle brutally in the fight against polio, despite having used proven techniques from India.
Upon closer examination, it becomes evident that Pakistan needs a more personalized strategy to eradicate polio. Unlike India, Pakistan faces a unique obstacle: terrorism. In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed several targeted murders of polio health care workers and targeted bombings of polio vaccination stations. To continue providing vaccination services despite the intentional killings of polio workers, the Pakistani health care authorities have enacted a new campaign, “Sehat Ka Insaf”, which has shown to be a resounding success in the polio stronghold of Peshawar and must be modeled throughout Pakistan and other terror-ridden strongholds of polio. Specifically, “Sehat Ka Insaf” is a blanket method of administering the polio vaccine along with eight other vaccines, hygiene kits and vitamin A drops in order to circumvent polio-specific terrorist attacks in Pakistan. This article will first explore India’s proven strategies to provide a comparison for the “Sehat Ka Insaf” campaign strategy and subsequently will examine polio-specific terrorism in Pakistan, culminating in an argument that the “Sehat Ka Insaf” model should be replicated nationwide in Pakistan until polio is completely eradicated
“Sehat Ka Insaf ”: A Model for Overcoming Polio in Pakistan
No full textPoliomyelitis, more commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious disease caused by poliovirus. The virus enters through the mouth or nose and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, spreading primarily through feces, unclean hands, contaminated drinking water and improper sanitation. The condition primarily affects children under the age of five and induces damage in motor neurons, triggering a variety of symptoms including fever, fatigue, headaches, vomiting, stiffness of neck and pain in limbs.1 In approximately one in 200 infections, the virus enters the central nervous system, leading to irreversible paralysis.2
In 1988, when a startling 350,000 cases of polio were reported worldwide, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliovirus and launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.1 Although the global eradication plan has reduced the number of cases of polio from 350,000 in 1988 to 223 reported cases in 2012, the final endemic reservoirs of resistance in Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan have provided the greatest hardships for public health authorities.2 In these countries, polio persists at the margins of society where critical health services are lacking or even nonexistent. As a result, the greatest challenge for workers has been to vaccinate enough children to drive immunity levels above a threshold percentage, whereby herd immunity is achieved. Herd immunity is a form of immunity that occurs when a substantial percentage of a population is immunized from a virus, making those who are not immunized protected, because the virus cannot spread from person to person as easily. For the poliovirus, the herd immunity threshold percentage is between 80-86%.3
India was previously considered one of the most resistant countries to polio eradication efforts due to its poor sanitation, high population density and migrant communities. However, since India’s strategies to eliminate polio proved successful in 2012, their novel techniques have been adopted in polio campaigns around the world, including in neighboring Pakistan. Despite Pakistan’s efforts to modify their strategies based on India’s model of success, Pakistan has not been able to completely interrupt polio transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) writes that when proven eradication strategies, such as those of India, are fully implemented, polio transmission is halted.2 Yet, it is ironic that Pakistan continues to struggle brutally in the fight against polio, despite having used proven techniques from India.
Upon closer examination, it becomes evident that Pakistan needs a more personalized strategy to eradicate polio. Unlike India, Pakistan faces a unique obstacle: terrorism. In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed several targeted murders of polio health care workers and targeted bombings of polio vaccination stations. To continue providing vaccination services despite the intentional killings of polio workers, the Pakistani health care authorities have enacted a new campaign, “Sehat Ka Insaf”, which has shown to be a resounding success in the polio stronghold of Peshawar and must be modeled throughout Pakistan and other terror-ridden strongholds of polio. Specifically, “Sehat Ka Insaf” is a blanket method of administering the polio vaccine along with eight other vaccines, hygiene kits and vitamin A drops in order to circumvent polio-specific terrorist attacks in Pakistan. This article will first explore India’s proven strategies to provide a comparison for the “Sehat Ka Insaf” campaign strategy and subsequently will examine polio-specific terrorism in Pakistan, culminating in an argument that the “Sehat Ka Insaf” model should be replicated nationwide in Pakistan until polio is completely eradicated
NRF2 and chemoprevention: signaling, epigenetics and role in intestinal carcinogensis
No full textPrevention is better than cure. The carcinogenesis could take as long as 20 to 30 years to develop from initiated cells to malignant tumor, therefore providing us various opportunities to prevent the appearance of tumors with the use of chemopreventive compounds in the early stage. Chemoprevention becomes an increasing important concept and has led to the intense research about the mechanisms of actions of various chemopreventive compounds. They can be generally classified into blocking agents and suppressing agents. The chemopreventive compounds usually prevent or slow progression of cancer by maintaining a low oxidative stress and inflammatory environment in cells. This is brought about by the activation of Nrf2, the key protein being investigated in our lab. In this dissertation, I will be discussing the use of compounds as suppressing agents and blocking agents, how compounds activates Nrf2 signaling, how novel Nrf2 interaction partner IQGAP1 mediates Nrf2-Keap1 signaling axis, how expression level of Nrf2 could be regulated epigenetically, apart from the well-known post-translational control by Keap1-Ubiquitinase-Protesome axis and finally how loss of Nrf2 could enhance intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Ka Lung Cheun
Nearby fibroblasts' response to multiple acupuncture needle revolutions on fibroblast populated collagen gels
No full textAcupuncture is an ancient Chinese healing practice, and an alternative therapy for alleviating pain and chronic disorders. For over twenty years, research is trying to understand the mechanisms that lead to its therapeutic effect. Our laboratory investigates the cellular and molecular events in the connective tissue that occur by acupuncture needling. An in vitro assay was developed to evaluate some of the potential contributors to acupuncture’s effects using a cellular collagen gel as a loose connective tissue mimic. It was hypothesized besides immediate changes to cells under mechanical loading from an acupuncture needle, there were chemical factors released to nearby cells in acupuncture. This thesis investigates whether mechanically stimulating collagen gels with fibroblasts at different revolutions would release chemical factors to nearby fibroblasts where flow cytometry was used to observe cell proliferation as an indicator. Results reveal mechanically stimulating cellular collagen gels at different revolutions does not cause any changes in cell proliferation to nearby cells. However, dead stained mechanically stimulated cellular collagen gels showed cell death occurs around the acupuncture needle. It is possible there were no effects in cell proliferation because when a cellular collagen gel was needle manipulated, some chemical factors were released into the nearby cells. Then as needle manipulation increased, more chemical factors were released, but restricted by the larger amount of cell death around the needle from the increasing rotation.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ka Po Ch
Duan wei xia mu xie lei de xin xing he nei DNA fen zi xi tong biao ji zhi jian ding
No full textLeung Ka Chun.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2013.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-110).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 21, September, 2016).Leung Ka Chun
San zhong chao jian dai teng hu dui gao wen de sheng li fan ying ji zhuan lu ti yan jiu
No full textWong, Ka Wing Karen.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-157).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 30, November, 2016).Wong, Ka Wing Karen
Theory of deferred action: Agent-based simulation model for designing complex adaptive systems
No full textDeferred action is the axiom that agents act in emergent organisation to achieve predetermined goals. Enabling deferred action in designed artificial complex adaptive systems like business organisations and IS is problematical. Emergence is an intractable problem for designers because it cannot be predicted. We develop proof-of-concept, conceptual proto-agent model, of emergent organisation and emergent IS to understand better design principles to enable deferred action as a mechanism for coping with emergence in artefacts. We focus on understanding the effect of emergence when designing artificial complex adaptive systems by developing an exploratory proto-agent model and evaluate its suitability for implementation as agent-based simulation
Analysis and Development of Ka- and Q-Band Waveguide Impedance Standards
No full textThis paper reports the salient design features and performance analysis of a precision waveguide, standard mismatches of voltage standing wave ratios (VSWRs) 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30 at Ka-band frequencies. Also standard waveguide sections and flush shorts are developed at Ka-band and Q-band and these are analyzed based on their physical dimensions, respectively. The performances of precision waveguide and standard mismatches are observed based on their dimensions and compared with measured values using slotted line technique at Ka-band. The calibration results of mismatch set are found with good agreement for their designated VSWRs with expanded uncertainties < 0.03 and their traceability is established through the precision waveguide. These standards will serve as transfer standards of impedance at Ka-band and Q-band ranges and to assign the accuracy of impedance measuring instruments
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