1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Workplace interventions for treatment of occupational asthma
No full textBackgroundThe impact of workplace interventions on the outcome of occupational asthma is not well understood.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions on occupational asthma.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE (PubMed); EMBASE(Ovid); NIOSHTIC-2; and CISILO (CCOHS) up to July 31, 2019.Selection criteriaWe included all eligible randomized controlled trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time-series of workplace interventions for occupational asthma.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data.Main resultsWe included 26 non-randomized controlled before and after studies with 1,695 participants that reported on three comparisons: complete removal from exposure and reduced exposure compared to continued exposure, and complete removal from exposure compared to reduced exposure. Reduction of exposure was achieved by limiting use of the agent, improving ventilation, or using protective equipment in the same job; by changing to another job with intermittent exposure; or by implementing education programs. For continued exposure, 56 per 1000 workers reported absence of symptoms at follow-up, the decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of a reference value (FEV1 %) was 5.4% during follow-up, and the standardized change in non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity (NSBH) was -0.18.In 18 studies, authors compared removal from exposure to continued exposure. Removal may increase the likelihood of reporting absence of asthma symptoms, with risk ratio (RR) 4.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67 to 13.86), and it may improve asthma symptoms, with RR 2.47 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.84), compared to continued exposure. Change in FEV1 % may be better with removal from exposure, with a mean difference (MD) of 4.23 % (95% CI 1.14 to 7.31) compared to continued exposure. NSBH may improve with removal from exposure, with standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.43 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.82).In seven studies, authors compared reduction of exposure to continued exposure. Reduction of exposure may increase the likelihood of reporting absence of symptoms, with RR 2.65 (95% CI 1.24 to 5.68). There may be no considerable difference in FEV1 % between reduction and continued exposure, with MD 2.76 % (95% CI -1.53 to 7.04) . No studies reported or enabled calculation of change in NSBH.In two studies, authors reported that the risk of unemployment after removal from exposure may increase compared with reduction of exposure, with RR 14.28 (95% CI 2.06 to 99.16). Four studies reported a decrease in income of 20% to 50% after removal from exposure.The quality of the evidence is very low for all outcomes.Authors' conclusions Both removal from exposure and reduction of exposure may improve asthma symptoms compared with continued exposure. Removal from exposure, but not reduction of exposure, may improve lung function compared to continued exposure. When we compared removal from exposure directly to reduction of exposure, the former may improve symptoms and lung function more among patients exposed to low molecular weight agents. Removal from exposure may also increase the risk of unemployment. Care providers should balance the potential clinical benefits of removal from exposure or reduction of exposure with potential detrimental effects of unemployment. Additional high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions for occupational asthma
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Association of Cleaning Products and Practices with Asthma among Texas Healthcare Professionals
No full textHealthcare professionals (HCPs) are at risk for work-related asthma (WRA). The 2003 Texas Asthma Study (TAS) found higher odds of new-onset asthma (NOA) associated with medical instrument and building surface cleaning, and powdered latex glove use in 1992-2000. Subsequent changes in cleaning practices may have affected asthma risk. We assessed changes in WRA prevalence and its risk factors, and examined asthma burden in Texas HCPs. This was a statewide representative survey of 9,914 Texas physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, and certified nurse aides. Exposures to cleaning/disinfection products and tasks were measured using an updated asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (JEM). We examined two asthma outcomes: NOA, i.e. asthma with onset after entering healthcare, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness symptoms (BHR), using a validated 8-item predictor. We used logistic regression, taking into account survey weights, to estimate associations between exposures and outcomes. Asthma burden was measured by missed workdays and the Work Role Function Questionnaire (WRFQ), a surrogate for presenteeism (working while ill). Overall response rate was 34.8%; the final analytical sample was 2,427 participants. The weighted prevalence of NOA was 7.1%, highest among nurses; for BHR, it was 31.0%, highest for occupational therapists. NOA was associated with building surface cleaning (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.26-3.28), orthophthalaldehyde (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.29-2.88), bleach/quaternary ammonium compounds (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.14-2.93) and sprays (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.26-3.28), but not with other exposures. For BHR, there were no significant adverse associations. Mean missed work days due to health problems among asthmatics and non-asthmatics in past 12 months were 9.9 and 13.5, respectively (p\u3e0.05); however, 76% of these missed work days among asthmatics were due to asthma or breathing problems. Mean WRFQ scores were significantly lower for asthmatics, indicating greater presenteeism. HCPs remain at risk for WRA, although there are encouraging trends. Compared to the TAS, NOA and BHR prevalence were unchanged; medical instrument cleaning/disinfection, powdered latex glove use and exposure to a workplace spill were no longer significant risk factors. Cleaning of building surfaces, orthophthalaldehyde, bleach, quaternary ammonium compounds, and using sprays to apply cleaners remain a problem. Exposure controls, together with optimum clinical management of asthma, would likely result in a decrease in asthma burden in healthcare occupations
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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