1,721,110 research outputs found
Exploring attitudes and perceptions regarding obesity on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic : A sentiment analysis and topic modeling approach
No full textIntroduction
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide among people belonging to all age groups. It is associated with a high risk of medical, psychiatric and psychosocial morbidities. It is important to explore attitudes and perceptions regarding obesity to formulate effective health policies, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches. This study aims to explore the sentiments of the public, influential people and important organizations regarding obesity by leveraging the wealth of information available on social media platforms.
Methods
This study utilizes a huge dataset of tweets regarding obesity posted on the Twitter platform during the COVID-19 period (2019 to 2021). This dataset comprised a corpus of 25,580 tweets. All analyses were run in Python. Sentiment analysis was run using the XLM-Roberta-base model trained on approximately 198M multilingual tweets, accessed at the hugging face platform for transformer language models. Topic modeling was done using the BERTopic library which leverages cluster analytical approaches, transformers, and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (c-TF-IDF) to create dense clusters of interpretable topics.
Results
The Twitter API was used to extract 25,580 tweets regarding obesity. The number of tweets increased yearly from 11,841 in 2020 to 12,775 in 2021. Sentiment analysis revealed a significantly higher percentage of tweets (72.97%) represented negative sentiments, followed by neutral (18.78%) and positive (8.25%). Spikes in Twitter activity were associated with significant political events such as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives negative remarks on President Trump’s struggle with obesity (May 19, 2020). Another important event included Boris Johnson’s obesity campaign which drew a lot of criticism from the public (July 27, 2020). On 23rd August 2021, Ben Shapiro’s comments on the refusal to vaccinate people with obesity for COVID-19 sparked outrage.
Topic modeling revealed 243 parsimonious clusters. These represented different topics of tweets on obesity. Important topics included childhood obesity, President Trump’s struggle with obesity, vaccination for COVID-19, Boris Johnson’s obesity campaign, glorifying and body shaming, racism and high obesity rates among Black Americans, smoking, illicit substance use, and alcohol consumption among people with obesity, environmental risk factors for obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome and surgical treatments.
Conclusion
Twitter is an important source to gauge obesity-related sentiments and attitudes of the public, celebrities, and influential organizations. Sentiments regarding obesity were predominantly negative. Obesity was associated with racism, poorer life choices, and social evils such as illicit substance use and alcohol consumption. Influential politicians’ negative portrayal of obesity among their colleagues may lead to poorer public sentiments. This has negative connotations for public health in general. The Conservative government’s campaign for curbing the “epidemic” of obesity in Britain attracted criticism from the public. Obesity being a risk factor for severe COVID-19 also led to a negative portrayal on social media.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: From Biomechanics to Therapeutic Patient Education
No full textDiabetic foot disease is one of the most invalidating long-term complications of diabetes. Given the dramatically increasing prevalence of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide, the medical community must be prepared for the number of diabetic foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations that will follow this “epidemic” of diabetes. In addition to economic costs, the psychological and biosocial aspects of people suffering from diabetes and diabetic foot disease must be considered. Studies have indicated that the implementation of validated guidelines and international standards of diabetic foot care into clinical practice could reduce lower extremity amputation rates by up to 85%. However, in many countries, such a decrease in lower extremity amputation rates is more of an isolated example than a rule. Reduction of the plantar pressure is mandatory for the treatment and prevention of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. The recurrence rate of ulcers is extremely high. After ulcer healing, the persisting high plantar pressure during walking causes repeated soft tissue breakdown at each step. In this population, the development of a new walking strategy could alter the plantar pressure distribution under the feet, thus improving patient outcomes and preventing amputation. We have developed and implemented a biofeedback-based technique delivered by an electronic insole. When combined with therapeutic patient education, this method may be a valuable tool for the treatment of foot ulcers and prevention of lower extremity amputations in high-risk patients with diabetes
Therapeutic patient education as the basis for diabetes long-term follow-up
No full textDiabetes treatment and management depends on a multitude of parameters, both medication-related and patients’ lifestyle-related. Diabetologists do not consider enough the hidden facets of diabetes having an important and extraordinary role in glucose homeostasis regulation. Health care providers and particularly doctors are often problem-solving oriented, having no training in long-term follow-up of chronic diseases. Diabetes needs to be understood as a chronic and complex metabolic dysregulation to which only the patient could have the key how to restore the equilibrium. For that, this patient needs understanding and positive attitudes of his doctor who unfortunately misses training in therapeutic patient education
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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