1,721,072 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analyse von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien bezüglich Relevanz und Integration in den Planungsprozess eines Nachhaltigen Gebäudes
Full text linkIm Rahmen der Arbeit werden die Nachhaltigkeitskriterien in Bezug auf ihre Relevanz und ihre Wechselwirkungen untereinander untersucht und der Planungsprozess unter Einbeziehung der Nachhaltigkeitskriterien analysiert. Dabei werden auf Basis der Anforderungen des ÖGNI/DGNB-Zertifizierungssystems die „wichtigsten“ Kriterien herausgefiltert. Es sind dies solche, die aufgrund ihres Bedeutungsfaktors und ihrer Gewichtung an der Gesamtbeurteilung hohen Einfluss haben und unter Einbeziehung von verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten von Bedeutung sind sowie jene, die eine hohe Anzahl an Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Kriterien haben. Die Wechselwirkungen der Kriterien untereinander werden anhand von unterschiedlichen Ausführungen zu ihren „internen Zusammenhängen“, ihren „Korrelationen“ und der in den Kriteriensteckbriefen angeführten Verweisen erfasst, einerseits als Matrix der Zusammenhänge abgebildet und andererseits werden auch „qualitativen Wechselwirkungen“ betrachtet. Im Laufe des Planungsund Bauprozesses werden in allen Planungsund Leistungsphasen Entscheidungen getroffen und Maßnahmen gesetzt, die Einfluss auf einzelne Nachhaltigkeitskriterien haben und somit die Nachhaltigkeit eines Gebäudes beeinflussen. Es werden daher die Planungsund Projektphasen dargestellt und die Kriterien dem Planungsablauf auf Basis der Zeitpunkte des Vorliegens von Informationen im Bauablauf, der Anwendung der Leistungsbilder der Planung, Aktivitäten im Lebenszyklusmanagement und Angaben in den Kriteriensteckbriefen zugeordnet. Dabei zeigen sich die Bedeutung und der Einfluss der frühen Projektund Planungsphasen auf Entscheidungen sowie Maßnahmen bezüglich der Nachhaltigkeitskriterien. Um einen Überblick über die sich aus der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung ergebenden Anforderungen an die Zuständigkeiten und den Planungsprozess zu geben, werden zuerst die Projektbeteiligten und mögliche Planungsinstrumente für Nachhaltige Gebäude dargestellt. Anschließend werden die bisherigen Betrachtungen verknüpft und Maßnahmen und Leistungen, die im Zusammenhang mit Nachhaltigkeitskriterien stehen, Planungsphasen zugeordnet und Zuständigkeiten angeführt. Dies bietet eine modellhafte Darstellung für die Praxis, die als Vorlage zur Umsetzung konkreter Projekte dienen kann.In this master thesis, the sustainability criteria are examined with regard to their relevance and their interactions with each other, and the planning process is analyzed, taking the sustainability criteria into account. Based on the requirements of the ÖGNI / DGNB certification system, the "most important" criteria are filtered out. These are the ones that have a high impact on the overall assessment because of their significance factor and their weighting and are important in terms of different aspects, as well as those that have a high number of interactions with other criteria. The interactions of the criteria among each other is illustrated on the one hand as a matrix of interactions on the basis of different interpretations of their "internal relationships", their "correlations" and the references cited in the criteria profiles, and on the other hand "qualitative interactions" are also analyzed. Decisions that influence individual sustainability criteria and thus influence the sustainability of a building are made during the whole planning and construction process and measures are taken in all planning and performance phases. Therefore, the planning and project phases are presented in this master thesis and the criteria are assigned to the planning process on behalf of the presence of information in the construction process, the application of functional specification of the planning services, activities in life cycle management and information in the criteria profiles. This evaluation shows the importance and influence of the early project and planning phases on decisions and measures regarding the sustainability criteria. In order to provide an overview of the requirements for the responsibilities and the planning process resulting from the sustainability assessment, the project participants and possible planning instruments for sustainable buildings are first presented. Subsequently, the previous considerations are linked and measures and services related to sustainability criteria are assigned to planning phases and responsibilities are cited. This provides a description model for the practice, which can serve as a template for the implementation in concrete projects
Die Transformation zu nachhaltigen Immobilien
Full text linkAufgrund der wirtschaftlichen Verstrickungen zwischen Finanz-, und Immobilienwirtschaft, ist davon auszugehen, dass das regulatorische Werk der EU großes Potenzial hat, um tatsächlich eine nachhaltige Immobilienwelt zu schaffen. Primär werden die Reduktion der CO2- Emissionen, die Autarkie und die Energieeffizienz von Immobilien vorangetrieben, um die Klimaneutralität bis 2050 in Reichweite zu halten. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass das Regelwerk der EU- Taxonomie aufgrund der zahlreichen „Nachschärfungen“ in absehbarer Zeit „greifen“ und sowohl am Immobilien-, als auch am Finanzmarkt ankommen wird. Bald wird sich jeder, der im Immobilienbereich tätig ist, mit der Thematik auseinandersetzen müssen. Die Zahl der Taxonomie Verifizierungen wird um ein Vielfaches steigen. Wie die Banken mit der Thematik (Verweigerung von Krediten, Vergabe von schlechteren Konditionen oder Anreize zur Verbesserung der Konditionen) künftig umgehen werden, wird einen großen Einfluss auf die Geschwindigkeit des Transformationsprozesses haben. Die Lösung der Transformation können nur Immobilien sein, die ganzheitlich – über die Dekarbonisierung hinaus- die Nachhaltigkeit abbilden. Die Transformation ist zwar mit hohen Kosten, Innovationsgeist und Zeit verbunden, aber ergeben sich daraus auch wiederum viele Chancen. Die EU zeigt mit ihrem Regelwerk auf, dass eine Transformation in eine nachhaltige Immobilienwelt unumgänglich ist. In welcher Geschwindigkeit sie umgesetzt wird, hängt nicht zuletzt von der nationalen Politik und deren Forcierung und Sanktionierung ab. Die konsequente Berücksichtigung von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien bei Immobilien wird in Zukunft von großer Bedeutung sein. Nach und nach werden sich nachhaltige Immobilien als neuer Standard etablieren
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Towards a sustainable circular economy : a framework for integrating circularity and life cycle sustainability assessments
No full textCircular economy (CE) has emerged as an umbrella concept for achieving a sustainable economy. CE approaches that apply one or more CE strategies, such as refuse, recycling, or recover, hold significant potential for mitigating primary resource exploitation and greenhouse gas emissions, preserving biodiversity, or enhancing social well-being. However, despite the necessity of CE for fostering a sustainable economy, the transition from a linear economy to CE is not inherently sustainable as trade-offs and burden shifting might occur. An example of this is the reduction of primary resource consumption through implemented recycling that, simultaneously, might lead to higher environmental impacts stemming from the use of acids for cleaning and recycling processes or job losses in the mining industry. Moreover, the optimal CE strategies to be implemented may vary depending on case-specific circumstances, such as the robustness or recyclability of materials. Still, the selection process of CE strategies and implementation of CE approaches often lacks reliable derivation by relying on limited indicators such as recycling rates – failing to consider the complex nature of the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social). To assess CE approaches in terms of their degree of circularity and their contribution to sustainability, robust monitoring and assessment methods are required. Many CE indicators have been introduced to assess circularity. Moreover, several researchers have assessed the potential of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA), applying in parallel life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) to the same functional unit (FU) and equivalent system boundaries, in the CE context. While both methodologies were found relevant, no CE indicator or assessment framework was found that could cover the intrinsic circularity (e.g., recirculation rate) of CE approaches together with their impact on sustainability performance. Moreover, several methodological limitations, such as end-of-life (EoL) allocations for LCA were identified. Thus, this research aimed to develop an integrated framework for the CE context – considering both the technical circularity and the complexity of the three dimensions of sustainability. Therefore, the developed circular life cycle sustainability assessment (C LCSA) framework added circularity assessment (CA) as an additional dimension to LCSA. The framework was designed for application in the manufacturing and construction sectors. Three main topics were addressed within the research. These were required enhancements and refinements of traditional life cycle methodologies in the CE context, integration of circularity and life cycle sustainability assessments, and trade-off identification. Being developed for one life cycle, LCSA required refinements for its application to CE approaches. Refinements proposed for the developed framework stemmed from discussions and proposed adaptions presented in the academic literature. In terms of LCA, for example, the cut-off approach emerged as the most appropriate EoL allocation approach for C-LCSA, aligning with the technical system boundaries. An in-depth study for S-LCA that was conducted as the social pillar was identified as the least addressed in the CE context, moreover, proposed relevant subcategories (e.g., training and education, social acceptance) and a set of social circularity inventory indicators (e.g., number of jobs created that involve CE activities, number of job losses due to the end of mining activities) to be considered for CE approaches. The oversupply, diversity, and early stage of development of CE indicators required a systematic selection process to include the most appropriate indicators in C-LCSA. Therefore, the 133 CE indicators identified were evaluated using the criteria: levels, performance, loops, unit, dimension, and transversality. The material circularity indicator (MCI) was identified as the most relevant CE indicator for C-LCSA. Visualization of the results within a radar chart that includes the four dimensions assessed with the framework (circularity, environmental, economic, social) was proposed to enable trade-off identification between improved circularity and impacts on sustainability performance. To demonstrate its applicability and potential, C-LCSA was applied to the production of an industrial floor made from carbon-reinforced concrete scrap (R-CRC industrial floor) and on different CE approaches of carpet tiles. As the MCI did not consider downcycling, the circularity of the R-CRC industrial floor was high (0.8184, with 1 indicating the highest level of circularity). The global warming potential (GWP, 167 kg CO2 eq.), which was lower than that of similar products, was also favorable, while the human toxicity potential (HTP) was higher. Costs, however, exceeded a possible selling price. The study on the carpet tiles showed that the highest circularity was given by the tiles produced with bio-based and recycled feedstock combined with recycling at the EoL (0.76). While the GWP of this CE approach was most favorable (8.47 kg CO2 eq.), it was unfavorable in terms of the acidification potential (AP, 0.039 kg SO2 eq.) and costs (US$19.98). In both studies, C-LCSA has proven its effectiveness as a reliable framework to transparently reveal interlinkages in terms of circularity and the overall sustainability performance of different CE approaches. C-LCSA contributes to academia and industry by providing a guided and holistic assessment framework for CE approaches to be applied by LCSA practitioners. The guidance provided, moreover, holds the potential to align future circularity and sustainability studies in the CE context
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