177,522 research outputs found
Lang leve de rechtsstaat!
No full textOp 15 september is het de VN Internationale Dag van de Democratie. Reijer Passchier is daar minder blij mee dan je wellicht van een universitair docent Staatsrecht zou verwachten. Liever had hij vandaag de 'Internationale Dag van de Rechtsstaat' gevierd
Fabric attractors in general triclinic flow systems and their application to high strain shear zones: A dynamical system approach
No full textHigh strain zones may deform by flow with a triclinic symmetry. This paper describes triclinic flow in a reference frame where Instantaneous Stretching Axes (ISA) are fixed. The operation of triclinic flow is described in two ways: first in terms of flow and the nature of flow eigenvectors and in the second part of the paper in terms of finite strain. In monoclinic flow, at least one of the eigenvectors of the flow coincides with one of the ISA and one or two of the eigenvectors act as attractors of foliation or lineation elements. In triclinic flow some flow eigenvectors are undefined since the two largest eigenvalues (controlling the flow) are imaginary. Imaginary eigenvalues are particularly common at high kinematic vorticity and within flow with deviation of the vorticity vector of more than 20° from one of the ISA. Strong deviation from monoclinic flow is therefore possible, but this will not produce permanent foliations or lineations. For triclinic flow that does produce permanent fabrics, the angle between ISA and the fabric is so small that it is unlikely that it can be recognised in nature. A discussion of the potential application of such results within real shear zones is presented
Strain analysis and vorticity of flow in the northern Sardinian Variscan belt: recognition of a partitioned oblique deformation event
No full textA field example of strain partitioning has been analysed along the Nurra-Asinara transect of the NW Sardinian Variscan chain (Italy). The section in the Nurra-Asinara area is in a continuous sequence of tectono-metamorphic complexes made of low- to high-grade metamorphic rocks affected by a polyphase tectonic history. The principal fabric of the area is controlled by a D2 progressive deformation phase in which the strain is partitioned into folds and shear zone domains. The D2 stretching lineation and shear sense show a clear change from south to north. The principal meso- and micro-structures, vorticity gauges and a quantitative kinematic analysis of local strain suggest that the D2 kinematic history could be envisaged as an oblique heterogeneous deformation similar to the transpressive systems described in ancient and modern settings elsewhere. Using a simple kinematic model we also propose that both a transpressive system followed by "thrusting" or a partitioned transpressive system could be responsible for the fabric distribution and strain accumulation described in the study transect
Strain analysis and vorticity of flow in the Northern Sardinian Variscan Belt: Recognition of a partitioned oblique deformation event
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Informal constitutional change: constitutional change without formal constitutional amendment in comparative perspective
Full text linkToday, virtually every country in the world has a written constitution that contains a special amendment procedure. These procedures are designed to regulate constitutional change. However, formal constitutional amendment is not the only way in which constitutional norms change, and in some systems not even the most important. To the contrary, it appears to be more common for constitutional norms to adjust to changing circumstances and demands through alternative, ‘informal’ processes of change.Key questions, central to this dissertation, are: how should we understand and identify constitutional change that takes place without prior formal constitutional amendment? Why do significant constitutional developments sometimes occur without new constitutional writing? And are alternative mechanisms of constitutional change capable of functionally substituting formal constitutional amendment mechanisms?Examining and comparing topical cases from Japan, the United States and Germany, this dissertation not only sheds new light on questions regarding the phenomenon of informal constitutional change itself, it also compels us to rethink our ideas about how the realms of law and politics relate to one another across time. Exploring the important – yet understudied – phenomenon of informal constitutional change is particularly relevant at a time when the context in which constitutional norms are embedded is changing more rapidly than ever.NWOThe Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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