1,722,422 research outputs found
Direct uses of geothermal energy in Italy 2005-2009: update report and perspectives
No full textItaly is widely known for the strong expertise in field of geothermal electricity production. Despite the presence of such industrial know how, previous analysis reveal a huge untapped potential in geothermal direct uses. This paper, based on qualitative and quantitative information and expert evaluations, aims at giving an overview of market achievements in the last five years. The situation of direct uses of geothermal heat in Italy, compared with the situation of 2005, appears widely evolved and is rapidly moving to reach significant targets set for 2010. The global growth of direct use of geothermal heat at the end of 2009 in Italy is expected to reach an amount of 1.2 times more than the values of the previous update: 850 MWth and 10,000 TJ compared to UGI-2006 values of 650 MWth and 8000 TJ. This larger contribution, in terms of installed power, is mainly due to the wide development,
principally in northern areas of Italy, of geothermal district heating (5-15 MWth unit power) and, in terms of numbers of installations, to single household applications, which are widely applying heating & cooling equipment with geothermal source of small unit power. Analyzing the heating and cooling systems in civil buildings, and in particular the ones that use middle depth or shallow geothermal resources, a relevant impulse to the growth of geothermal industry has certainly been obtained by the large
increase of geothermal heat pumps systems, fed by ground heat with horizontal or vertical exchanger, or by hot water extracted with shallow depth wells both in open or closed loops. At the moment, the number of companies which provide HPGS in Italy is growing very fast and thus, in the near future, a continuous growth of the geothermal direct uses is foreseen.
The market development is driven by challenging applications as the ones, characterized by a high level of technology integration, in progress in Grado (Udine) and Milan. In the past five years, the geothermal direct uses reached a greater interest than in the past also from the designers' community. Hence, as a consequence of the market dynamics, the unitary cost of the geothermal installations is decreasing and, at the same time, the need of new and specific regulations, both regarding performance and environmental preservation, is increasing. The lack of shared databases of authorized plants and of shared rules for their classification represents the main barrier for further research. For this reason, new investigation and acquisition of detailed multidisciplinary information are required so as to support the development of public policies and private strategies
Direct uses of geothermal energy in Italy 2005-2009: update report and perspectives
No full textItaly is widely known for the strong expertise in field of geothermal electricity production. Despite the presence of such industrial know how, previous analysis reveal a huge untapped potential in geothermal direct uses. This paper, based on qualitative and quantitative information and expert evaluations, aims at giving an overview of market achievements in the last five years. The situation of direct uses of geothermal heat in Italy, compared with the situation of 2005, appears widely evolved and is rapidly moving to reach significant targets set for 2010. The global growth of direct use of geothermal heat at the end of 2009 in Italy is expected to reach an amount of 1.2 times more than the values of the previous update: 850 MWth and 10,000 TJ compared to UGI-2006 values of 650 MWth and 8000 TJ. This larger contribution, in terms of installed power, is mainly due to the wide development, principally in northern areas of Italy, of geothermal district heating (5-15 MWth unit power) and, in terms of numbers of installations, to single household applications, which are widely applying heating & cooling equipment with geothermal source of small unit power. Analyzing the heating and cooling systems in civil buildings, and in particular the ones that use middle depth or shallow geothermal resources, a relevant impulse to the growth of geothermal industry has certainly been obtained by the large increase of geothermal heat pumps systems, fed by ground heat with horizontal or vertical exchanger, or by hot water extracted with shallow depth wells both in open or closed loops. At the moment, the number of companies which provide HPGS in Italy is growing very fast and thus, in the near future, a continuous growth of the geothermal direct uses is foreseen.
The market development is driven by challenging applications as the ones, characterized by a high level of technology integration, in progress in Grado (Udine) and Milan. In the past five years, the geothermal direct uses reached a greater interest than in the past also from the designers' community. Hence, as a consequence of the market dynamics, the unitary cost of the geothermal installations is decreasing and, at the same time, the need of new and specific regulations, both regarding performance and environmental preservation, is increasing. The lack of shared databases of authorized plants and of shared rules for their classification represents the main barrier for further research. For this reason, new investigation and acquisition of detailed multidisciplinary information are required so as to support the development of public policies and private strategies.Italy is widely known for the strong expertise in field of geothermal electricity production. Despite the presence of such industrial know how, previous analysis reveal a huge untapped potential in geothermal direct uses. This paper, based on qualitative and quantitative information and expert evaluations, aims at giving an overview of market achievements in the last five years. The situation of direct uses of geothermal heat in Italy, compared with the situation of 2005, appears widely evolved and is rapidly moving to reach significant targets set for 2010. The global growth of direct use of geothermal heat at the end of 2009 in Italy is expected to reach an amount of 1.2 times more than the values of the previous update: 850 MWth and 10,000 TJ compared to UGI-2006 values of 650 MWth and 8000 TJ. This larger contribution, in terms of installed power, is mainly due to the wide development,
principally in northern areas of Italy, of geothermal district heating (5-15 MWth unit power) and, in terms of numbers of installations, to single household applications, which are widely applying heating & cooling equipment with geothermal source of small unit power. Analyzing the heating and cooling systems in civil buildings, and in particular the ones that use middle depth or shallow geothermal resources, a relevant impulse to the growth of geothermal industry has certainly been obtained by the large
increase of geothermal heat pumps systems, fed by ground heat with horizontal or vertical exchanger, or by hot water extracted with shallow depth wells both in open or closed loops. At the moment, the number of companies which provide HPGS in Italy is growing very fast and thus, in the near future, a continuous growth of the geothermal direct uses is foreseen.
The market development is driven by challenging applications as the ones, characterized by a high level of technology integration, in progress in Grado (Udine) and Milan. In the past five years, the geothermal direct uses reached a greater interest than in the past also from the designers' community. Hence, as a consequence of the market dynamics, the unitary cost of the geothermal installations is decreasing and, at the same time, the need of new and specific regulations, both regarding performance and environmental preservation, is increasing. The lack of shared databases of authorized plants and of shared rules for their classification represents the main barrier for further research. For this reason, new investigation and acquisition of detailed multidisciplinary information are required so as to support the development of public policies and private strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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