2,653 research outputs found
Independent variation in copper tolerance and copper accumulation among crop species and varieties
No full textCopper (Cu) locally contaminates soils and might negatively affect growth and yield of crops. A better understanding of plant copper tolerance and accumulation is needed in order to breed more Cu-tolerant or Cu-efficient crops. Cu tolerance was evaluated in different varieties of seven species (Brassica carinata, B. juncea, B. napus, Cynara cardunculus, Helianthus annuus, Nicotiana tabacum and Raphanus sativus) exposed to a series of CuSO4 concentrations (0.1–8 μM CuSO4) in the nutrient solution. Plants were further exposed to 0.1 μM CuSO4 and to their variety-specific concentrations that reduced root growth to 50% of the maximum rate (EC50). Among all the varieties of all the species the EC50 varied from 0.7 up to 3.1 μM Cu. B. carinata was significantly more Cu-sensitive than the other species, which were not significantly different among each other, and B. carinata and H. annuus accommodated significant intra-specific, inter-varietal variation. There were significant differences between species in Cu uptake efficiency and nutrient status. When under EC50 exposure, all the Brassicaceae, except B. carinata, maintained low Cu concentrations in shoots, whereas the other species and B. carinata exhibited significantly increased shoot Cu concentrations, compared to the control. There was no apparent relationship between Cu tolerance and Cu accumulation in roots and shoots, suggesting that the observed variation in tolerance, both between and within species, is not explained by differential exclusion capacity. Discriminant analysis and treatment comparisons suggest possible contribution of lignin, saturated fatty acids, manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in tolerance to high Cu concentrations in shoot.</p
Data and platform co-ops in smart city citizenship: interview with Igor Calzada
No full textIgor Calzada is a senior researcher at universities like Oxford and Cardiff with a focus on urban, regional and technopolitical transformations, considering data issues and social innovation. In November 2020, he launched the book Smart City Citizenship, which proposes another framework at smart cities based on democratic governance and citizenship. Thus, he presents how it is possible to understand and intervene in technopolitical disputes involving algorithms, data, and artificial intelligence based on notions such as digital sovereignty. Among the possibilities, there is the creation of data and platform co-ops based on data and digital commons. For the author, data cooperatives are a subtype of platform cooperatives, in which they focus on business models, while data co-ops share and store data. The book analyzes, among other cases, the Barcelona ecosystem and proposes perspectives for public policies. Currently, Calzada is interested in exploring new models of data governance and artificial intelligence to propose alternative ways to data ecosystems in the European scenario. He defends experimental cities as a reaction to the mainstream idea of the city as a platform, as a reproduction of extractive and panoptic practices through hyperconnectivity. But it will be very difficult in a dangerous context. And he provokes: “how, in the current context, in which we are closed in our homes, can we propose cities with open systems? Other recommendations from the author are an article on platform and data co-ops published in Sustainability journal and a conversation in Spanish about social innovation in smart cities. Read the interview with Igor Calzada: https://digilabour.com.br/2021/01/06/data-and-platform-co-ops-in-smart-city-citizenship-interview-with-igor-calzada
Piano works by Igor Stravinsky
No full textIn my work I thought was right at first a brief outline development work of Igor Stravinsky. I also tried to "map out" the emergence of some major piano works by the author. finally, I added a few notes on the piano interpretive art of Igor Stravinsky
Introduzione a Igor Spanò (a cura di) Il Teatro e la festa. Il tempio, la piazza, la scena
No full textPer tre giorni gli studiosi che sono intervenuti al Convegno hanno riflettuto sul senso e sulle funzioni, sulle pratiche cultuali e rituali, sui luoghi che hanno definito nel corso del tempo i momenti della festa e sulle forme di rappresentazione agonistica (danze, corse, gare, giochi di abilità) o drammatica - di cui erano parte essenziale la musica e il canto - che, spesso intrinsecamente, li accompagnano. L'autore nella sua introduzione esamina le sfumature di significato che racchiude il termine utsava, “festa”, “gioia” in sanscrito.For three days the scholars who spoke at the conference reflected on the meaning and functions, on the cult and ritual practices, on the places that have defined the moments of the celebration over time and on the forms of competitive representation (dances, races, competitions, skill games) or dramatic - of which music and singing were an essential part - which, often intrinsically, accompany them. In his introduction, the author examines the nuances of meaning contained in the term utsava, "feast", "joy" in Sanskrit
The effect of nitrogen and boron fertilization on the phenolic profile of olive (Olea europaea L.) vegetative organs and its antifungal effect on Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
No full textMaslina je voćna vrsta prirodno raširena na području Mediterana, a na području Republike Hrvatske zastupljen je i opisan značajan broj sorata ove gospodarski značajne kulture. Pravilna gnojidba masline neophodna je u proizvodnji visoko kvalitetnih maslinovih ulja. Gnojidba dušikom (N) i borom (B) može imati pozitivan ili negativan utjecaj na maslinu i okoliš. Navedeni makro- i mikroelementi mogu različito utjecati na razvoj masline i metaboličke promijene na njezinim vegetativnim organima. Nadalje, gnojidba N i B može utjecati na tolerantnost masline prema različitim štetnim organizmima. Fenolni spojevi sudjeluju u obrambenom odgovoru masline, a mogu značajno doprinijeti tolerantnosti na verticilijsko venuće masline (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). Stoga, cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj primjene različitih molarnih koncentracija N i B na koncentraciju fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST) u vegetativnim organima (korijen, izbojak, list) masline kako bi se ispitao učinak ekstrakata fenola na izolat V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj gnojidbe N i B na rast i razvoj masline, utvrđena su vegetativna svojstva izbojka (duljina izbojka, broj internodija, broj listova) i korijena (duljina, volumen, površina i promjer korijena) masline. S ciljem određivanja koncentracije N (g/kg ST) i B (mg/kg ST) te koncentracije fenola (mg/100 g ST) masline analizirani su uzorci korijena, izbojka i lista. Nadalje, protugljivični učinak ekstrakata fenola masline (korijen, izbojak, list), prethodno modificiranih primjenom gnojidbenih tretmana s N ili B, istražen je u uvjetima in vitro. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana značajno je utjecala na vegetativna svojstva masline. Primjena viših molarnih koncentracija N i B pozitivno je utjecala na njihovo usvajanje korijenom te daljnju translokaciju u ostale vegetativne organe masline. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana s N i B različito je utjecala na koncentraciju pojedinačnih fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST), utvrđenih u vegetativnim organima masline. Ekstrakti fenola vegetativnih organa masline imali su različit inhibitorni učinak na klijavost konidija, porast i morfološka obilježja micelija V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro.Olive (Olea europaea L.) has great cultural and economic importance in the Mediterranean basin. Olive oil production is an important source of revenue for many countries in the region and contributes to the growth of their economies. The production of olives and olive oil depends on numerous factors, including the correct application of nutrients. When it comes to olive production and the environment, the type of fertilization used can make a significant difference. Nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization, in particular, can have varying effects on olive production.
Fertilization can greatly impact olive growth, nutrient uptake and distribution, phenolic content in olive, and olive tolerance to phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N and B fertilization on their content in various parts of olive, including the roots, stem, and leaves. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of these nutrients on olive growth traits. This study also examined the effect of N and B fertilization on the phenolic content (root, stem, leaves) and the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts on V. dahliae V-263.
Fertilization experiments were conducted separately for N (experiment 1) and B (experiment 2). Seven different treatments were adopted in each experiment, representing seven molar concentrations of either N or B. The control treatments were N0 and B0. The study was conducted on one-year-old plantlets of the Istarska bjelica cultivar, which were grown in an inert substrate under controlled conditions. Measurements were taken periodically, including air temperature, substrate moisture, substrate pH, and olive growth traits. At the end of the experiment, samples of roots, stems, and leaves were collected and prepared for further analysis. The growth traits of olive roots were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the content of N (g/kg dry weight (DW)) or B (mg/kg DW), total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in roots, stems, and leaves. In vitro antifungal activity of phenolic extracts, obtained from fertilization treatments with N or B, was assessed against V. dahliae V-263 (experiment 3 a,b; experiment 4).
The growth traits of olive were positively affected by the applied N fertilization treatments (N1 – N6), resulting in a greater root and shoot growth compared to the growth resulting from control treatment N0. The uptake and translocation of N from roots to stem and leaves were significantly affected by the application of different N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6).
The lowest content of N (g/kg DW) in olive (root, stem, leaves) was found in the control fertilization treatment N0. The content of total and individual phenolic compounds was negatively affected by the applied fertilization treatments (N4 – N6). This study reports the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts (EF), EF-N0 – EF-N6, (root, stem, leaves) modified by N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6). The application of phenolic extracts (treatments EF-N0 – EF-N6) on V. dahliae V-263 had no inhibitory effect on the conidial germination, therefore showing lack of antifungal activity.
The application of higher molar concentrations of B (fertilization treatments B3 – B6) positively affected olive growth traits when compared to the control fertilization treatment B0. The lowest content of B (mg/kg DW) was observed in the control fertilization treatment B0 of all investigated parts of olive. The applied fertilization treatments B1 – B6 had varying effects on the content of total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in the different parts of olive. The results of this study demonstrated that the phenolic extracts of roots and leaves had a significant antifungal effect on V. dahliae V-263. Specifically, phenolic extracts of roots (treatments EF-B0, EF-B3, and EF-B4), as well as phenolic extracts of stems (treatment EF-B2), significantly inhibited the conidial germination of V. dahliae V-263 therefore exhibiting antifungal effect. Additionally, significant inhibitory and antifungal effects were observed on the mycelium growth of V. dahliae V-263 when phenolic extracts from olive roots (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) and leaves (treatments EF-B0, EF-B2 – B5) were applied. The applied phenolic extracts (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) had different effects on the morphological characteristics of V. dahliae V-263 mycelium in vitro.
The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the complex interaction between nutrient fertilization, phenolic compounds, and the relation between modified phenolic extracts and V. dahliae V-263 conidial germination and mycelium growth. Further studies are required to identify the effect of N or B fertilization on the content of phenolic compounds in the olive tree and their role in olive tolerance to V. dahliae V-263
DigiTranScope: the governance of digitally-transformed society
No full textThis volume presents the key outcomes and research findings of the Digitranscope research project of the European Commission Joint Research Centre. The project set out to explore during the period 2017-2020 the challenges and opportunities that the digital transformation is posing to the governance of society. We focused our attention on the governance of data as a key aspect to understand and shape the governance of society. Data is a key resource in the digital economy, and control over the way it is generated, collected, aggregated, and value is extracted and distributed in society is crucial. We have explored the increasing awareness about the strategic importance of data and emerging governance models to distribute the value generated more equitably in society. These findings have contributed to the new policy orientation in Europe on technological and data sovereignty and the sharing of data for the public interest. The digital transformation, the rise of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things offer also new opportunities for new forms of policy design, implementation, and assessment providing more personalised support to those who need it and being more participative throughout the policy cycle. The use of digital twins, gaming, simulation, and synthetic data are just at their beginning but promise to change radically the relationships among all the stakeholders in governance of our society
The effect of nitrogen and boron fertilization on the phenolic profile of olive (Olea europaea L.) vegetative organs and its antifungal effect on Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
No full textMaslina je voćna vrsta prirodno raširena na području Mediterana, a na području Republike Hrvatske zastupljen je i opisan značajan broj sorata ove gospodarski značajne kulture. Pravilna gnojidba masline neophodna je u proizvodnji visoko kvalitetnih maslinovih ulja. Gnojidba dušikom (N) i borom (B) može imati pozitivan ili negativan utjecaj na maslinu i okoliš. Navedeni makro- i mikroelementi mogu različito utjecati na razvoj masline i metaboličke promijene na njezinim vegetativnim organima. Nadalje, gnojidba N i B može utjecati na tolerantnost masline prema različitim štetnim organizmima. Fenolni spojevi sudjeluju u obrambenom odgovoru masline, a mogu značajno doprinijeti tolerantnosti na verticilijsko venuće masline (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). Stoga, cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj primjene različitih molarnih koncentracija N i B na koncentraciju fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST) u vegetativnim organima (korijen, izbojak, list) masline kako bi se ispitao učinak ekstrakata fenola na izolat V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj gnojidbe N i B na rast i razvoj masline, utvrđena su vegetativna svojstva izbojka (duljina izbojka, broj internodija, broj listova) i korijena (duljina, volumen, površina i promjer korijena) masline. S ciljem određivanja koncentracije N (g/kg ST) i B (mg/kg ST) te koncentracije fenola (mg/100 g ST) masline analizirani su uzorci korijena, izbojka i lista. Nadalje, protugljivični učinak ekstrakata fenola masline (korijen, izbojak, list), prethodno modificiranih primjenom gnojidbenih tretmana s N ili B, istražen je u uvjetima in vitro. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana značajno je utjecala na vegetativna svojstva masline. Primjena viših molarnih koncentracija N i B pozitivno je utjecala na njihovo usvajanje korijenom te daljnju translokaciju u ostale vegetativne organe masline. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana s N i B različito je utjecala na koncentraciju pojedinačnih fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST), utvrđenih u vegetativnim organima masline. Ekstrakti fenola vegetativnih organa masline imali su različit inhibitorni učinak na klijavost konidija, porast i morfološka obilježja micelija V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro.Olive (Olea europaea L.) has great cultural and economic importance in the Mediterranean basin. Olive oil production is an important source of revenue for many countries in the region and contributes to the growth of their economies. The production of olives and olive oil depends on numerous factors, including the correct application of nutrients. When it comes to olive production and the environment, the type of fertilization used can make a significant difference. Nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization, in particular, can have varying effects on olive production.
Fertilization can greatly impact olive growth, nutrient uptake and distribution, phenolic content in olive, and olive tolerance to phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N and B fertilization on their content in various parts of olive, including the roots, stem, and leaves. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of these nutrients on olive growth traits. This study also examined the effect of N and B fertilization on the phenolic content (root, stem, leaves) and the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts on V. dahliae V-263.
Fertilization experiments were conducted separately for N (experiment 1) and B (experiment 2). Seven different treatments were adopted in each experiment, representing seven molar concentrations of either N or B. The control treatments were N0 and B0. The study was conducted on one-year-old plantlets of the Istarska bjelica cultivar, which were grown in an inert substrate under controlled conditions. Measurements were taken periodically, including air temperature, substrate moisture, substrate pH, and olive growth traits. At the end of the experiment, samples of roots, stems, and leaves were collected and prepared for further analysis. The growth traits of olive roots were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the content of N (g/kg dry weight (DW)) or B (mg/kg DW), total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in roots, stems, and leaves. In vitro antifungal activity of phenolic extracts, obtained from fertilization treatments with N or B, was assessed against V. dahliae V-263 (experiment 3 a,b; experiment 4).
The growth traits of olive were positively affected by the applied N fertilization treatments (N1 – N6), resulting in a greater root and shoot growth compared to the growth resulting from control treatment N0. The uptake and translocation of N from roots to stem and leaves were significantly affected by the application of different N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6).
The lowest content of N (g/kg DW) in olive (root, stem, leaves) was found in the control fertilization treatment N0. The content of total and individual phenolic compounds was negatively affected by the applied fertilization treatments (N4 – N6). This study reports the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts (EF), EF-N0 – EF-N6, (root, stem, leaves) modified by N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6). The application of phenolic extracts (treatments EF-N0 – EF-N6) on V. dahliae V-263 had no inhibitory effect on the conidial germination, therefore showing lack of antifungal activity.
The application of higher molar concentrations of B (fertilization treatments B3 – B6) positively affected olive growth traits when compared to the control fertilization treatment B0. The lowest content of B (mg/kg DW) was observed in the control fertilization treatment B0 of all investigated parts of olive. The applied fertilization treatments B1 – B6 had varying effects on the content of total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in the different parts of olive. The results of this study demonstrated that the phenolic extracts of roots and leaves had a significant antifungal effect on V. dahliae V-263. Specifically, phenolic extracts of roots (treatments EF-B0, EF-B3, and EF-B4), as well as phenolic extracts of stems (treatment EF-B2), significantly inhibited the conidial germination of V. dahliae V-263 therefore exhibiting antifungal effect. Additionally, significant inhibitory and antifungal effects were observed on the mycelium growth of V. dahliae V-263 when phenolic extracts from olive roots (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) and leaves (treatments EF-B0, EF-B2 – B5) were applied. The applied phenolic extracts (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) had different effects on the morphological characteristics of V. dahliae V-263 mycelium in vitro.
The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the complex interaction between nutrient fertilization, phenolic compounds, and the relation between modified phenolic extracts and V. dahliae V-263 conidial germination and mycelium growth. Further studies are required to identify the effect of N or B fertilization on the content of phenolic compounds in the olive tree and their role in olive tolerance to V. dahliae V-263
Tõrked Eesti venekeelse kirjanduse omaks tunnistamisel 1918–1940. Igor Severjanini juhtum
No full textThe article looks at the history of Estonian Russian-language literature in the young Republic of Estonia (1918–1940) and the life and work of the Russian-speaking poet Igor Severyanin (1887–1941) from the perspective of Estonian literature. In 1918, Severyanin, as a mature author, moved permanently from Russia to Estonia. Gradually, he developed a hybrid identity: he became fond of Estonia and wrote in Russian. However, his works have been omitted from the Estonian literary history.
The article sets out the following hypotheses:
1) Estonian Russian-language literature from 1918 to 1940 has not become part of Estonian literature of that period, as its acceptance is hindered by various cultural-historical barriers for literary researchers. The main barriers have been highlighted by means of source criticism.
2) Igor Severyanin’s life and work serve to situate him as a representative of Estonian literature. Terms such as integration and identity were not used in his day, but Severyanin’s personal and creative choices help to understand, retrospectively, that it was important for him to live in Estonia, write poetry inspired by local material, interact with Estonian-speaking colleagues, remain connected with Estonian public and cultural institutions. I have approached Severyanin’s case through the identity theory (the work of John Charles Turner and Homi Bhabha), as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the literary field.
Both hypotheses were confirmed in the article. However, the values of modern multicultural society dictate that the discussion of Estonian literary history should include the Russian-speaking authors of the interwar period. Currently, there are gaps in Estonian literary history regarding these authors. Filling these gaps would mean overcoming the cultural-historical barriers
The effect of nitrogen and boron fertilization on the phenolic profile of olive (Olea europaea L.) vegetative organs and its antifungal effect on Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
No full textMaslina je voćna vrsta prirodno raširena na području Mediterana, a na području Republike Hrvatske zastupljen je i opisan značajan broj sorata ove gospodarski značajne kulture. Pravilna gnojidba masline neophodna je u proizvodnji visoko kvalitetnih maslinovih ulja. Gnojidba dušikom (N) i borom (B) može imati pozitivan ili negativan utjecaj na maslinu i okoliš. Navedeni makro- i mikroelementi mogu različito utjecati na razvoj masline i metaboličke promijene na njezinim vegetativnim organima. Nadalje, gnojidba N i B može utjecati na tolerantnost masline prema različitim štetnim organizmima. Fenolni spojevi sudjeluju u obrambenom odgovoru masline, a mogu značajno doprinijeti tolerantnosti na verticilijsko venuće masline (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). Stoga, cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj primjene različitih molarnih koncentracija N i B na koncentraciju fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST) u vegetativnim organima (korijen, izbojak, list) masline kako bi se ispitao učinak ekstrakata fenola na izolat V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj gnojidbe N i B na rast i razvoj masline, utvrđena su vegetativna svojstva izbojka (duljina izbojka, broj internodija, broj listova) i korijena (duljina, volumen, površina i promjer korijena) masline. S ciljem određivanja koncentracije N (g/kg ST) i B (mg/kg ST) te koncentracije fenola (mg/100 g ST) masline analizirani su uzorci korijena, izbojka i lista. Nadalje, protugljivični učinak ekstrakata fenola masline (korijen, izbojak, list), prethodno modificiranih primjenom gnojidbenih tretmana s N ili B, istražen je u uvjetima in vitro. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana značajno je utjecala na vegetativna svojstva masline. Primjena viših molarnih koncentracija N i B pozitivno je utjecala na njihovo usvajanje korijenom te daljnju translokaciju u ostale vegetativne organe masline. Primjena gnojidbenih tretmana s N i B različito je utjecala na koncentraciju pojedinačnih fenolnih spojeva (mg/100 g ST), utvrđenih u vegetativnim organima masline. Ekstrakti fenola vegetativnih organa masline imali su različit inhibitorni učinak na klijavost konidija, porast i morfološka obilježja micelija V. dahliae V-263 u uvjetima in vitro.Olive (Olea europaea L.) has great cultural and economic importance in the Mediterranean basin. Olive oil production is an important source of revenue for many countries in the region and contributes to the growth of their economies. The production of olives and olive oil depends on numerous factors, including the correct application of nutrients. When it comes to olive production and the environment, the type of fertilization used can make a significant difference. Nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization, in particular, can have varying effects on olive production.
Fertilization can greatly impact olive growth, nutrient uptake and distribution, phenolic content in olive, and olive tolerance to phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N and B fertilization on their content in various parts of olive, including the roots, stem, and leaves. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of these nutrients on olive growth traits. This study also examined the effect of N and B fertilization on the phenolic content (root, stem, leaves) and the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts on V. dahliae V-263.
Fertilization experiments were conducted separately for N (experiment 1) and B (experiment 2). Seven different treatments were adopted in each experiment, representing seven molar concentrations of either N or B. The control treatments were N0 and B0. The study was conducted on one-year-old plantlets of the Istarska bjelica cultivar, which were grown in an inert substrate under controlled conditions. Measurements were taken periodically, including air temperature, substrate moisture, substrate pH, and olive growth traits. At the end of the experiment, samples of roots, stems, and leaves were collected and prepared for further analysis. The growth traits of olive roots were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the content of N (g/kg dry weight (DW)) or B (mg/kg DW), total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in roots, stems, and leaves. In vitro antifungal activity of phenolic extracts, obtained from fertilization treatments with N or B, was assessed against V. dahliae V-263 (experiment 3 a,b; experiment 4).
The growth traits of olive were positively affected by the applied N fertilization treatments (N1 – N6), resulting in a greater root and shoot growth compared to the growth resulting from control treatment N0. The uptake and translocation of N from roots to stem and leaves were significantly affected by the application of different N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6).
The lowest content of N (g/kg DW) in olive (root, stem, leaves) was found in the control fertilization treatment N0. The content of total and individual phenolic compounds was negatively affected by the applied fertilization treatments (N4 – N6). This study reports the antifungal activity of phenolic extracts (EF), EF-N0 – EF-N6, (root, stem, leaves) modified by N fertilization treatments (N0 – N6). The application of phenolic extracts (treatments EF-N0 – EF-N6) on V. dahliae V-263 had no inhibitory effect on the conidial germination, therefore showing lack of antifungal activity.
The application of higher molar concentrations of B (fertilization treatments B3 – B6) positively affected olive growth traits when compared to the control fertilization treatment B0. The lowest content of B (mg/kg DW) was observed in the control fertilization treatment B0 of all investigated parts of olive. The applied fertilization treatments B1 – B6 had varying effects on the content of total and individual phenolic compounds (mg/100 g DW) in the different parts of olive. The results of this study demonstrated that the phenolic extracts of roots and leaves had a significant antifungal effect on V. dahliae V-263. Specifically, phenolic extracts of roots (treatments EF-B0, EF-B3, and EF-B4), as well as phenolic extracts of stems (treatment EF-B2), significantly inhibited the conidial germination of V. dahliae V-263 therefore exhibiting antifungal effect. Additionally, significant inhibitory and antifungal effects were observed on the mycelium growth of V. dahliae V-263 when phenolic extracts from olive roots (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) and leaves (treatments EF-B0, EF-B2 – B5) were applied. The applied phenolic extracts (treatments EF-B0 – EF-B6) had different effects on the morphological characteristics of V. dahliae V-263 mycelium in vitro.
The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the complex interaction between nutrient fertilization, phenolic compounds, and the relation between modified phenolic extracts and V. dahliae V-263 conidial germination and mycelium growth. Further studies are required to identify the effect of N or B fertilization on the content of phenolic compounds in the olive tree and their role in olive tolerance to V. dahliae V-263
Compositions of Igor Stravinsky for Violin
No full textThe topic of my thesis is life and work of Igor Stravinsky with norrow focus on compositions for violin. I give greater emphasis to compositions Concerto in D for Violin and Orchestra and the Italian suite with which I have personal experience. Igor Stravinsky composed most of the compositions in the 1930th in cooperation with the violinist Samuel Duskin. Only a few of them are completely original works. The author often used musical themes from his own previously composed ballets, such as the The Firebird, Petrushka, The Soldier's Tale, Pulcinella, or Fairy's Kiss.
Composer Igor Stravinsky is certainly a controversial figure. Though essentially a pragmatist, he was always directed more by instinct while creating music. I would like to present to not only violinists interesting circumstances of compositions, even though is still little available informations
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