15 research outputs found
Francesco Penzotti: víctima del sectarismo religioso
No full textThe author exposes inside the frame of secularization of the Law in Peru, the case of Francesco Penzotti, who was blamed for crimes against religion. Thus, the subject is inserted in the frame of religious tolerance and cult freedom.El autor expone, dentro del marco de secularización del Derecho en el Perú, el caso de Franceso Penzotti, a quién se le acusó por delito contra la religión. Así, el tema se inscribe en el marco de la tolerancia religiosa y la libertad de cultos
Legal structure, financial structure, and the monetary policy transmission mechanism
No full textAmong the many challenges facing the new Eurosystem - the European Central Bank and the central banks of the eleven members of the European Monetary Union - is the possibility that participating countries will respond differently to interest rate changes. This paper provides evidence that differences in financial structure are the proximate cause for these national asymmetries in monetary policy transmission and that these differences in financial structure are a result of differences in legal structure. The author concludes that unless legal structures are harmonized across Europe, the financial structures and monetary transmission mechanisms of the European Union countries will remain diverseEuropean Central Bank ; European Monetary System (Organization) ; Monetary policy - Europe ; Europe
TWO IMAGES OF FRANCESCO CARRARA IN VIENNA IN 1841
No full textU članku se objavljuje portret i crtež s prikazom splitskoga
svećenika, antikvara i ravnatelja Muzeja starina Francesca
Carrare (1812.-1854.), koje je u Beču napravio njegov poznanik,
slikar Josef Ziegler.The text presents a portrait and a drawing executed in 1841, representing Franceso
Carrara (1812-1854), a priest, archaeologist, ethnographer and historiographer from Split.
Both works were authored by the Austrian painter Josef Ziegler (1785-1852) during the last
weeks of Carrara’s sojourn in Vienna, where he studied at the Institute for Higher Education
of Clerics, Augustineum, under the auspices of the Viennese court. The portrait and the
drawing are seen as a testament to Carrara’s wavering between secular (historical, philological
and archaeological) concerns and priesthood. The works are also understood as indicative
of Carrara’s youthful ambitions which presupposed his desire to achieve social success in the Austrian capital before the upheavals in 1848. The portrait in landscape from a private collection in Split is dated by author to the spring or summer of 1841, as Carrara still hadn’t received the order from the Split bishop Godeassi to return to his homeland, and was eager to cast himself as a young man brimming with optimism. The drawing, on the other hand,
which is kept at the Split archaeological museum, was dated with precision to 2 September 1841, and it shows Carrara as a protegee of Augustineum reading in his monastery room a few
weeks before his return to Split
Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade
No full textEditors: Kristi Engel , , Tiffany Lewis , Marco Stein Muzio Tonia M. Venters; Contributors: Kristi Engel, Tiffany Lewis, Marco Stein Muzio, Tonia M. Venters, Markus Ahlers, Andrea Albert, Alice Allen, Hugo Alberto Ayala Solares, Samalka Anandagoda, Thomas Andersen, Sarah Antier, David Alvarez-Castillo, Olaf Bar, Dmitri Beznosko, Łukasz Bibrzyck, Adam Brazier, Chad Brisbois, Robert Brose, Duncan A. Brown, Mattia Bulla, J. Michael Burgess, Eric Burns, Cecilia Chirenti, Stefano Ciprini, Roger Clay, Michael W. Coughlin, Austin Cummings, Valerio D'Elia, Shi Dai, Tim Dietrich, Niccolò Di Lalla, Brenda Dingus, Mora Durocher, Johannes Eser, Miroslav D. Filipović, Henrike Fleischhack, Francois Foucart, Michał Frontczak, Christopher L. Fryer, Ronald S. Gamble, Dario Gasparrini, Marco Giardino, Jordan Goodman, J. Patrick Harding, Jeremy Hare, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, Piotr Homola, Kaeli A. Hughes, Brian Humensky, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Tess Jaffe, Oleg Kargaltsev, Carolyn Kierans, James P. Kneller, Cristina Leto, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Humberto Martínez-Huerta, Alessandro Maselli, Athina Meli, Patrick Meyers, Guido Mueller, Zachary Nasipak, Michela Negro, Michał Niedźwiecki, Scott C. Noble, Nicola Omodei, Stefan Oslowski, Matteo Perri, Marcin Piekarczyk, Carlotta Pittori, Gianluca Polenta, Remy L. Prechelt, Giacomo Principe, Judith Racusin, Krzysztof Rzecki, Rita M. Sambruna, Joshua E. Schlieder, David Shoemaker, Alan Smale, Tomasz Sośnicki, Robert Stein, Sławomir Stuglik, Peter Teuben, James Ira Thorpe, Joris P. Verbiest, Franceso Verrecchia, Salvatore Vitale, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Tadeusz Wibig, Elijah Willox, Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, Joshua Wood, Hui Yang, Haocheng Zhang
Conference:
Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study
on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)The last decade has brought about a profound transformation in multimessenger science.
Ten years ago, facilities had been built or were under construction that would eventually
discover the nature of objects in our universe could be detected through multiple messen gers. Nonetheless, multimessenger science was hardly more than a dream. The rewards
for our foresight were finally realized through IceCube’s discovery of the diffuse astrophys ical neutrino flux, the first observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, and the first joint
detections in gravitational waves and photons and in neutrinos and photons. Today we
live in the dawn of the multimessenger era.
The successes of the multimessenger campaigns of the last decade have pushed multi messenger science to the forefront of priority science areas in both the particle physics and
the astrophysics communities. Multimessenger science provides new methods of testing
fundamental theories about the nature of matter and energy, particularly in conditions that
are not reproducible on Earth. This white paper will present the science and facilities that
will provide opportunities for the particle physics community renew its commitment and
maintain its leadership in multimessenger science.J.P.W.V. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG) through the Heisen berg programme (Project No. 433075039). The MOSSAIC concept received enthusias tic endorsement from many colleagues and institutions in the ground- and space-based
MMA/TDA communities, who recognize the need for coordination and collaboration in this
multifaceted discipline. We are grateful to the GSFC and Center leadership for their sup port of MOSSAIC. H.F. acknowledges support by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.1007
The influence of African sculpture on British art, 1910-1930
No full textThis thesis aims to discuss the influence of African wood sculpture
on British art from 1910 to 1930. It proposes that the works, tastes and
pronouncements of various 20th century British artists betray this
influence and that although the British artists did not initially
understand the conceptual foundations of African sculpture their limited
knowledge was just sufficient for the modernization of British art
through the adaptation of the formal qualities of African art.
In assessing the validity of these propositions the thesis examines
the factors and issues that facilitated the influence. Chapter 1
discusses the formal qualities of African wood sculpture that attracted
the British artists. It outlines the unusual figural proportions, the
free and direct use of planar, linear and solid geometry, the treatment
of material and its surfaces.
The conceptual foundations of African sculpture are generally
outlined in Chapter 2. The extent to which the British artists
understood these foundations is also discussed.
Chapter 3 concerns the introduction of African sculpture to Britain
and discusses the development of the anthropological and subsequent
aesthetic interest that it aroused. Both the Post-Impressionist
Exhibitions and the Omega Workshops which facilitated its influence are
examined. Chapter 4 examines the concept and attempts to categorize the
nature of this influence.
The last three chapters act as case studies in which the impact of
African sculpture on Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska and Henry Moore is
examined. The conclusion discusses the term 'Primitive' and the British
artists and the 'Primitive
Humanist Literary Communication in the Manuscript Collection Varia Dalmatica (Codex Lucianus)
No full textLokalnoj književnoj komunikaciji — prepoznatljivoj, za potrebe ovog teksta, po apostrofiranju konkretnoga, stvarnog adresata — namijenjeno je 99 tekstova rukopisnog zbornika Varia Dalmatica (Zadar, Znanstvena biblioteka, sign. 25290, ms. 617). Svi su tekstovi nastali do siječnja 1614, a prepisao ih je Trogiranin Petar Lucić; samo je četiri pjesme povodom njegove smrti prepisao Petrov sin Ivan, budući glasoviti povjesničar. Tekstovi lokalne književne komunikacije većinom su pjesme (samo su dva u prozi). Obuhvaćaju 1336 stihova, te čine nešto više od trećine stihova u zborniku. Pjesama s 30 ili više stihova u komunikacijskom je korpusu osam, najkraćih je — dvostiha, redovno elegijskih distiha — 12, a najčešći su u korpusu šesterostisi, kojih je 17. Poznata su nam imena 36 autora ovih pjesama (imena trojice ostaju zasad nepotpuna i nejasna), a sedam je tekstova anonimno. Najviše je autora vezano uz Trogir (11) i Split (10), te Šibenik (5); javljaju se još Brač, Skradin, Kotor, a za petoricu je autora provenijencija neutvrđena. Najzastupljeniji je autor u korpusu Trogiranin Valerij Mazzarelli, sa 7 pjesama. Slijede Bračanin Sabo Mladinić i Trogiranin Marin Statilić, svaki s po 6 pjesama. Po pet tekstova imaju Splićani Marko Marulić, Jerolim Martinčić i Nikola Alberti, Kotoranin Ludovik Paskalić, Šibenčanin Frano Mužić. Osoba (odnosno kolektiva) koje su povod komunikacijskih tekstova u korpusu ima 56. Kolektiva su tri, "generičkih" adresata dva (čitatelj i kritičar); za književnost i obrazovanje vezano je 17 osoba, devetorica su dužnosnici javne uprave (redom Mlečani), petorica crkveni dužnosnici. Žena je četiri, većinom pripadaju porodici Lucić, i svima su upućene nadgrobnice. Baš kao i autori tekstova, i adresati su pretežno vezani uz Trogir, Split i Šibenik. S Italijom je povezano 14 adresata (brojeći ovamo i mletačke dužnosnike); talijanske su provenijencije posebno uočljive u usporedbi s mjestima uz koja su vezani autori, gdje ni za jednoga nije posvjedočena talijanska lokacija. Po jednom susrećemo osobe vezane uz Zadar, Dubrovnik i Skradin,četrnaestoricu ne možemo povezati ni s jednim mjestom. Sukladno interesima zapisivača Varia Dalmatica, mnogi adresati pripadaju rodu, rodbini ili svojti Petra Lucića. Napokon, u popisu adresata nalazimo i deset osoba s popisa autora (Trankvil Andreis, Frano Martinčić, Frano Božićević, Ivan Pridojević, Antun Vrančić, Grgur Kabalin, Chrysogonus, te tri autora koji su povodi nadgrobnica: Marko Marulić, Petar Lucić, Valerij Mazzarelli).
Pjesme su komunikacijskog korpusa oblikom najčešće epigrami (89 tekstova); pet je elegija, jedna duga heksametarska silva (Paskalićeva "De nemore Corytio", upućena Emilijanu Sheniju iz Piacenze), još jedna duža heksametarska pohvalnica (Frane Mužića trogirskom knezu Alvizu Barbaru, iz 1586–87), te jedna oda (nepoznati autor piše u čast trogirskog kneza Francesca Quirina). Repertoar metara prilično je ograničen: najčešći je elegijski distih (81 pjesma), slijede heksametri (11 pjesama), hendekasilabi (3), sapfička strofa (2). Pjesme su — pogotovo nadgrobnice — u kodeksu često grupirane tematski.
Daleko najviše pjesama korpusa nastalo je prigodom nečije smrti: 56 epigrama i jedna elegija. Podskupinu nadgrobnih epigrama možemo dodatno razdijeliti. Na jednoj su strani epitafi — tekstovi koji se predstavljaju kao nadgrobni natpisi, koristeći konvencije kako ih poznajemo iz tradicije antičkog epigrama (poput obraćanja putniku-prolazniku, pozivanja na grob, urnu ili nadgrobni kamen, govora samog pokojnika, te deiktičkih iskaza tipa "ovdje počiva"); na drugoj, pjesme "u smrt", često izrijekom upućene ožalošćenima, ponekad izrazito konzolacijski koncipirane. Kao rubni slučaj nadgrobnica izdvajaju se tri epigramska komplimenta. Ivan Pridoević, obraćajući se Frani, ocu preminulog Ivana Lukarevića, zapravo hvali nadgrobnicu Valerija Mazzarellija u Ivanovu čast; Mazzarelli pak uzvraća pohvalom Pridoevićevih nadgrobnica s istim povodom; Pridoevićevu nadgrobnu poeziju isti autor hvali i povodom smrti Franciske Papalić.
Komunikacijski tekstovi koji nisu nadgrobnice — preostala trećina tekstova u korpusu — funkcioniraju većinom kao pohvalnice, katkad povezane s političkim životom zajednice, osobito s važnim prigodama poput dolaska novog kneza. Deset tekstova ima funkciju popratnica drugim književnim djelima, tzv. paratekstova. Nedvojbenih poslanica u korpusu ima pet. Dva epigrama služe kao preporuka; oba su vezana uz "natječaj" za mjesto trogirskog učitelja, a uz kontekst škole vezana su i dva od tri skoptička epigrama iz korpusa.
Najčešće su zapaženi književni postupci u korpusu etimološka igra riječi, egzempl, razmjena pitanja i odgovora, te smjela dosjetka (concetto). Sklonost etimološkoj igri riječi svakako je specifično razlikovno obilježje ovog korpusa; radi se o povezivanju imena ili prezimena adresata (odnosno osobe o kojoj tekst govori) s nekim — redovno pozitivno konotiranim — pojmom. Ova je igra riječi u pjesmama Varia Dalmatica dopustiva posvuda, čak u nadgrobnicama (postupak koji se nama čini ponešto nepriličan u susretu sa smrću signalizira, možda, atmosferu sklonu alegorezi — rašireno uvjerenje da postoji dublja veza između označitelja i označenog). Najčešći su toposi vezani uz nadgrobnice: tuga, drugi svijet, vrlina, posmrtna slava, opća smrtnost ("svi moraju umrijeti"). Slijedi tematiziranje Muza, kontrast neba i zemlje, odnosno tijela i duše, te zanimljiv topos zavidnih Parki (zavidne su jer su prerano uzele pokojnikov život).
Od ostatka korpusa odskaču, kako opsegom, tako i sadržajem i povodom, tekstovi "pravih" književnika — Marka Marulića i Ludovika Paskalića; u "drugi red" ulaze Frano Mužić, Valerij Mazzarelli i Sabo Mladinić (koji se utješnom poslanicom prijatelju Petru Luciću možda najviše približava intimnijem ugođaju). Ono čega u ovom korpusu nema jednako je dojmljivo kao i ono čega ima. Ima heksametara i elegijskih distiha, u manjoj mjeri falečkog jedanaesterca i sapfičke strofe, ali ne jamba ni inih lirskih metara. Ima epigrama povodom smrti, ali ne i povodom rođenja, ili svadbi. Ima tekstova uz "ozbiljne" događaje, ali nema onih sa sitnim, svakodnevnim, intimnim povodima (kakve poznajemo iz glazgovskog rukopisa Marulićevih latinskih stihova). Korpus obiluje pohvalnim tekstovima, nalazimo i nekoliko (blagih) rugalica i elegijskih tužaljki, ali nema ni humora, ni ljubavne poezije.Ninety-nine of the pieces in the MS collection Varia Dalmatica (Zadar, Science Library, shelf no. 253290, MS 617) were meant for local literary communication. All of the pieces were written up to January 1614, and transcribed by Petar Lucić from Trogir; four poems on his death were transcribed by his son Ivan, the future famed historian. The local literary communication pieces are mainly poems (just two are in prose). In all, they comprise 1336 verses: somewhat more than a third of the verses in the whole manuscript. There are eight poems with 30 or more verses, while the shortest are couplets – 12 of them; and the most common in the corpus are six-lined poems, of which there are 17. We know the names of 36 of the authors of these poems (three names remain unclear); seven poems are anonymous. The greatest number of authors are connected to Trogir (11) and Split (10), followed by Šibenik (5); also to be found are writers from Brač, Skradin and Kotor, while the origins of five of the authors have not been determined. The most frequent author in the corpus is Valerij Mazzarelli from Trogir, who contributed 7 poems. Then come Sabo Mladinić, Brač, and Martin Statilić, Trogir, each with six poems. Five texts each are contributed by Marko Marulić, Jerolim Martinčić and Nikola Alberti (Split), Ludovik Paskalić (Kotor), Frano Mužić (Šibenik). As for the groups or individuals who gave rise to the communication texts, there are 56 of them. Among them there are three groups of people and two generic addressees (reader and critic); 17 persons connected with writing and education; nine public officials (all Venetians); five church officials. There are four women, mostly from the Lucić family, all of them addressed in epitaphs. Like the authors, the addressees are mainly related to Trogir, Split and Šibenik. Fourteen are connected with Italy (counting in the Venetian officials). We meet one person each related to Zadar, Dubrovnik and Skradin. Fourteen cannot be connected with any particular place. Many addressees belong to the family, relatives or in-laws of Petar Lucić. Finally, in the list of addressees we can find ten persons also known as authors in the corpus (Trankvil Andreis, Frane Martinčić, Frane Božićević, Ivan Pridoević, Antun Vrančić, Grgur Kabalin, Chrysogonus, Marko Marulić, Petar Lucić, Valerij Mazzarelli; the last three authors are “addressees” also of epitaphs).
The poems of the communication corpus are most commonly epigrams (89 of the texts). Five are elegies, there is one long silva in hexameters (Paskalić’s De nemore Corytio, addressed to Emiliano Scheni of Piacenza), another long hexameter encomium (Frano Mužić’s to the rector of Trogir Alviz Barbari, of 1586-87) and one ode (an unknown author writes in honour of Trogir rector Franceso Quirino). The metrical repertoire is fairly restricted; mostly there are elegiac couplets (81 poems), then hexameters (11 poems), hendecasyllabics (3 poems), sapphics (2).
Most of the poems in the corpus were written on the occasion of someone’s demise: 56 epigrams and one elegy. The funerary epigrams can be divided in two groups. In one of them are the epitaphs – texts similar to inscriptions on tomb-stones, where authors use the conventions known from the tradition of the ancient epigram (address to the passing traveller, invocation to the grave, the motive of the urn or the tombstone, the fictional speech of the actual deceased, and deictic statements of the type “here lies…”). In the other group are poems “on the death of” someone, often expressly addressed to the mourners, sometimes conceived as consolations. Among the epitaphs there are even three epigrammatic compliments: Ivan Pridoević, addressing Frane Lukarević, father of the deceased Ivan, praises the epitaph of Valerij Mazzarelli in honour of the deceased. Mazzarelli replies with lauds on Pridoević’s epitaph on the same occasion. The same author compliments Pridoević one more time, commending his epitaph written on the death of Franciska Papalić.
The communication texts that are not epitaphs – the remaining third of the pieces in the corpus – are mainly panegyrics, sometimes connected with the political life of the community, particularly with important occasions like the coming of a new Venetian rector (proveditore). Ten of the pieces introduce other literary works, and five pieces are undoubtedly epistles. Two epigrams are recommendations of persons interested in the position of teacher in Trogir. Of the three satirical epigrams from the corpus, two are also connected to the school context.
The most frequent literary procedures in the corpus are etymological puns, exempla, exchanges of questions and answers, and conceits. In the etymological puns we see a particularly distinct feature of this corpus; the name or surname of the addressee (or the person the poem is about) is linked with some almost always positively connoted concept. Authors use such puns everywhere in the poems of our corpus, even in the epitaphs. Plays on words may seem to us unsuitable in the context of death, but in the world of Petar Lucić this may be a welcome signal that there is a deeper link between signified and signifier. The most common topoi in the epitaphs are grief, the next world, virtue, posthumous fame, general mortality (“we all have to die”). Then come the subject of the Muses, the contrast of heaven and earth, or spirit and body, and the interesting topos of the envious Parcae – they cut short somebody’s life because they envied the person.
The texts of “professional” writers, Marko Marulić and Ludovik Paskalić, stand out in length, content and occasion. In the second rank are Frane Mužić, Valerij Mazzarelli and Sabo Mladinić (whose consolatory epistle to his friend Petar Lucić stands out because of its intimate tone).
It is important to note what is missing from this corpus. There are hexameters and elegiac couplets, to a smaller extent hendecasyllabics and sapphics, but there are no iambs or other lyrical metres. There are epigrams to do with death, but none relating to birth and no epithalamia. There are texts related to serious events, but none connected with little everyday intimate moments (of the kind we know from the Glasgow Manuscript of Marulić’s Latin verses). The corpus abounds in encomia, we can find a few mild satires and elegiac complaints, but there is neither humour nor amorous verse
Venetian cardinals at the Papal Court during the pontificates of Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII : 1471-1492
No full textThe histories of particular cities and states within that myriad-faceted
slice of civilisation, the Renaissance in Italy, have received
more scholarly attention than have the diplomatic, ecclesiastical and
cultural connections between them. This study is part of a balance-redressing
process. Senior clerics traversed frontiers, owing
allegiance to their native state, their benefices and, above all, to
the Papacy. The purpose of this exploration of the curial careers of
four later quattrocento Venetian cardinals is essentially twofold : to
account for relations between Venice and the Papacy with reference to
individuals who were at once Venetian patricians and princes of the
Church; and to examine the cardinals' responses to this situation in
terms of political, ecclesiastical and cultural patronage. Where did
their loyalty lie? To Venice, with its perennial suspicion of the
Church and peculiar notion of the characteristics of a Venetian
cardinal? Or to the Pope, expressing overt hostility towards the
Republic in the War of Ferrara and placing it under an interdict?
Chapter one sets Merco Barbo, Pietro Foscari, Giovanni Michiel and
Giovanni Battista Zeno in a Venetian context. Chapters two and three
chart relations between the two powers, from the exposure of Cardinal
Zeno's involvement in a scheme to transmit Venetian state secrets to
Rome in exchange for ecclesiastical preferment, through to Ermolao
Barbaro's controversial appointment to the patriarchate of Aquileia,
via the short-lived Papal-Venetian league negotiated by Cardinal
Foscari in 1480. The fourth chapter considers their proximity to the
Supreme Pontiff and how their material fortunes varied under popes
Sixtus and Innocent, after which an assessment of the nature, extent
and effectiveness of their patronage is divided between chapters five
and six, focussing pa.rticularly on Venetian connections. Despite
diverging careers, it is concluded that all were bound by variations
of the Venetian inheritance
Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients
No full textColorectal-vaginal fistula after rectal cancer resection: international comparative cohort study of characteristics and treatment
No full textA colorectal-vaginal fistula (CRVF) can occur as a complication of rectal cancer surgery. They can cause discomfort, repeated infection, need for treatment/further surgery, and a permanent stoma (an opening in the abdomen to collect bowel contents). This study looked at how often CRVF happened after surgery complicated by a leak where bowels ends have been joined together, how they were treated, and how likely patients were to live without a stoma 1 year after surgery. Researchers collected data on women from around the world who had rectal cancer surgery between 2014 and 2018 and developed a bowel leak (called anastomotic leakage). They compared those with and without a CRVF. A total of 88 out of 694 patients (12.7%) developed a CRVF. These patients more often had major surgery involving removal of nearby organs, including part of the vagina. They were more likely to have ongoing problems and needed more surgeries to manage them. Most had a temporary stoma, but only 29.5% could live without it after 1 year, compared with 48.7% of women without CRVF. CRVF is a serious complication that makes recovery harder. These patients are less likely to live without a stoma and usually need more surgery. However, if the leak is small, the chances of recovery without a permanent stoma are better
Stoma-free Survival After Rectal Cancer Resection With Anastomotic Leakage: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model in a Large International Cohort.
No full textObjective:To develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA score) for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with rectal cancer (RC) with anastomotic leakage (AL).Background:AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma.Methods:This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014 and 2018. Clinically relevant predictors for 1-year stoma-free survival were included in uni and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014 and 2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated.Results:This study included 2499 patients with AL, 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA score: sex, age, American Society of Anestesiologist classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction, and reactivation leakage. The STOMA score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76).Conclusions:The STOMA score consists of 18 clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counseling and give guidance when analyzing the efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies
