1,720,955 research outputs found
Nitrogen flow into regulatory molecules: The case of Polyamines and Polyamine oxidases.
No full text""\\"Glutamate plays a central role in the flow of nitrogen to various regulatory molecules, such as Polyamines (PAs). PAs are low MW nitrogenous molecules. The most common PAs are the diamine Putrescine (Put), the triamine Spermidine (Spd) and the tetramine Spermine (Spm). In plants, Put and Spd are the obligatory precursors of Spd and Spm, respectively. PAs have been implicated in plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses (1,2,3,4,5,6). PA oxidation is catalyzed by Di- and PA oxidases (DAO and PAOs, respectively) in the apoplast [terminal catabolism; (3)],or in the cytoplasm and the peroxisomes [PA back-conversion; (4)]. In both cases, H2O2 is generated. Recently, PA catabolism-derived H2O2 was shown to significantly participate in the physiological functions of PAs. Stress induces PA exodus into the apoplast, where it is oxidized by apoplastic PAO leading to increase of H2O2 load; this in turn participates in signalling events, inducing differential gene expression, which results to either PA homeostatic responses or the execution of programmed cell death [PCD; (4,6)]. Thus, the level of apoplastic H2O2 determines whether stress-tolerant mechanisms or the PCD syndrome will be induced. Engineering the PA catabolic pathway led to increased tolerance to biotic but sensitivity to abiotic stress (5,6). The pathway is partially controlled by the phytohormone abscissic acid (ABA), which is involved in stress-dependent signalling cascades, including those controlling stomatal closure (7). ABA induces expression of AtPAO3, a peroxisomal Arabidopsis PAO and GUS reporter analysis, revealed that cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region control this induction (8,9). Interestingly, GUS activity post-treatment with ABA was specifically localized to guard cells, implying a direct role of PAO-derived H2O2 in stomatal closure. Moreover, the complete identification and analysis of AtPAOs in Arabidopsis revealed that all four PAOs (AtPAO1, AtPAO2, AtPAO3 and AtPAO4) are back-converting Spm to Spd and additionally AtPAO2 and AtPAO3 back-convert Spd to Put (8,9). Thus, Arabidopsis seems to lack PAOs involved in terminal catabolism of PAs in contrast to maize, in which the until now characterized PAOs produce 1,3-diaminopropane and 4-aminobutanal or N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal from Spd or Spm oxidation, respectively. H1-NMR studies revealed that AtPAOs, in addition to H2O2 and Spd or Put, produce 3-aminopropanal, which can be further converted to the osmoprotectant molecule β-alanine and pantothenate in a pairwise reaction. The AtPAOs are differentially expressed, as revealed by GUS reporter assays, implying functional diversity inside the AtPAOs family (8,9). Furthermore, Spd Oxidase-derived H2O2 regulates pollen plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channels, pollen tube growth and number of seeds (10). Also, PAO-derived H2O2 acts as a signal for deposition of secondary wall and as a mediator of developmental PCD in plant tissues resulting to suppressed primary maize root elongation by inhibiting cell growth and altering cell cycle progression (11). To sum up, all these results along with the recent finding of the involvement of AtPAOs in catabolism of thermospermine, a Spm isomer involved in vascular differentiation and stress adaptation, reveal novel aspects of the PA catabolic pathway and its genetic engineering may result to significant phenotypical and stress-tolerant genotypes. . . REFERENCES. 1.Paschalidis KA & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2005) Sites and regulation of polyamine catabolism in the tobacco plant. Correlations with cell division\\\\\\\/expansion, cell cycle progression, and vascular development. Plant Physiol 138(4):2174-84. 2.Paschalidis KA, PN Moschou, I Toumi & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2009) Polyamine anabolic\\\\\\\/catabolic regulation along the woody grapevine plant axis is linked to vascular differentiation and to stomatal closure. J Plant Physiol 166(14):1508-19. 3.Moschou, PN, ID Delis, KA Paschalidis & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2008) Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing polyamine oxidase are not able to cope with oxidative burst generated by abiotic factors. Physiol Plant 133(2):140-56. 4.Moschou PN, M. Sanmartin, A. H. Andriopoulou, E. Rojo, J. J. Sanchez-Serrano & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2008) Bridging the gap between plant and mammalian polyamine catabolism: a novel peroxisomal polyamine oxidase responsible for a full back-conversion pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 147(4):1845-57. 5.Moschou, PN, PF Sarris, N Scandalis, AH Andriopoulou, KA Paschalidis, NJ Panopoulos & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2009) Engineered polyamine catabolism preinduces tolerance of tobacco to bacteria and oomycetes. Plant Physiol 149(4):1970-81. 6.Moschou, PN, KA Paschalidis, ID Delis, AH Andriopoulou, GD Lagiotis & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis (2008) Spermidine exodus and oxidation in the apoplast induced by abiotic stress is responsible for H2O2 signatures that direct tolerance responses in tobacco. Plant Cell 20(6): 1708-24.. 7.Toumi I, PN Moschou, KA Paschalidis, S Daldoul, B Bouamama, S Chenennaoui, A Ghorbel, A Mliki & KA Roubelakis-Angelakis 2010. Abscisic acid signals reorientation of polyamine metabolism to orchestrate stress responses via the polyamine exodus pathway in grapevine. J Plant Physiol. doi:10.1016\\\\\\\/j.jplph. 2009.10.022.. 8. Fincato P, PN Moschou, V Spedatelli, R Tavazza, R Angelini, R Federico, KA Roubelakis-Angelakis & P Tavladoraki (2011) Functional diversity inside the Arabidopsis polyamine oxidase gene family. J Exp Bot 62:1155-1168 doi: 10.1093\\\\\\\/jxb\\\\\\\/erq341. 9.Fincato P, PN Moschou, A Ahou, KA Roubelakis-Angelakis, R Federico & P Tavladoraki (2011) The members of Arabidopsis thaliana PAO gene family exhibit tissue-organ specific expression pattern during seedling growth and flower development. Amino Acids DOI 10.1007\\\\\\\/s00726-011-0999-7.. 10.Wu J, H Qu, Z Shang, X Jiang, PN Moschou, KA Roubelakis-Angelakis & S Zhang (2010) Spermidine oxidase-derived H2O2 activates downstream Ca2+ channels which signal pollen tube growth in Pyrus pyrifolia. Plant J 63:1042-1053, DOI: 10.1111\\\\\\\/j.1365-313X.2010.04301.x. 11.Tisi A, R Federico, S Moreno, S Lucretti, PN Moschou, KA Roubelakis-Angelakis, R Angelini & A Cona (2011) Perturbation of polyamine catabolism can strongly affect root development and xylem differentiation. Plant Physiol. DOI:10.1104\\\\\\\/pp.111.173153.. . . \\""
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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