1,721,017 research outputs found
Counterfactual comparisons and affective styles in the aftermath of traumatic events
No full textAbstractTraumatic events often lead to counterfactual comparison (CFC), defined as comparing one’s current attributes to that of a hypothetical mentally simulated alternative that might have occurred but is counter to the facts. CFC can differ in its direction and in terms of the referent of action. The mentally simulated alternative may be evaluated as more favorable (upward CFC) or less favorable (downward CFC) and the counterfactual alteration (e.g., preventing the event) may have been performed by oneself (self-referent) or others (other-referent). The frequency and engendered affective valence of CFC differ between trauma survivors and correlate with PTSD symptoms. However, knowledge about the mechanism involved is lacking. Individuals differ in how they regulate the engendered affective valence following CFC, suggesting that dispositional affect regulation styles may be implicated in this relationship. We therefore examined the affective styles of adjusting, concealing, and tolerating and their relationship with CFC frequency and engendered affective valence. In 556 individuals who had encountered at least one traumatic event, we examined this question separately for (1) upward self-referent CFC, (2) upward other-referent CFC, (3) downward self-referent CFC and (4) downward other-referent CFC. Most effects were found for upward (rather than downward) CFC and particularly for upward self-referent CFC. The frequency of engaging in upward self-referent CFC was associated with all three affective styles and with engendered affective valence. Different emotion regulation processes appear to be associated with more frequent engagement in upward self-referent CFC and more negative engendered affective valence. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.</jats:p
sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911241229573 – Supplemental material for Longitudinal and Gender Measurement Invariance of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911241229573 for Longitudinal and Gender Measurement Invariance of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood by Pascal Schlechter and Sharon A. S. Neufeld in Assessment</p
The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, life satisfaction, and well-being comparisons: A longitudinal investigation
No full textObjective: Many individuals who encounter potentially traumatic events go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Research suggests that survivors of traumatic events frequently compare their current well-being to different standards. Yet, our understanding of the role of comparative thinking in well-being is limited to a few cross-sectional studies. We therefore examined the temporal relationship between aversive well-being comparisons (i.e., comparisons threatening self-motives), PTSD symptoms, and life satisfaction in individuals with a trauma history. Method: A sample of 518 participants with exposure to traumatic events was administered measures of PTSD, life satisfaction, and the Comparison Standards Scale for Well-being (CSS-W) at two timepoints, three months apart. The CSS-W assessed the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive social, temporal, counterfactual, and criteria-based comparisons related to well-being. Results: Comparison frequency emerged as significant predictor of PTSD symptoms, beyond baseline PTSD levels. Life satisfaction contributed unique variance to the comparison process by predicting comparison frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact. The findings suggest that frequent aversive comparisons may lead to a persistent focus on negative aspects of well-being, thereby exacerbating PTSD symptoms. They further indicate that comparison frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact are significantly influenced by life-satisfaction. Conclusions: Altogether, the findings support the need for a thorough examination of the role of comparative behavior in clinical populations, which may ultimately help improve clinical care
On the role of different publication bias adjustment methods in meta-analysis of social comparison as a behaviour change technique: A reply to Bartoš and colleagues
No full textsj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911221138930 – Supplemental material for The Eight-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging: Longitudinal and Gender Invariance, Sum Score Models, and External Associations
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911221138930 for The Eight-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging: Longitudinal and Gender Invariance, Sum Score Models, and External Associations by Pascal Schlechter, Tamsin J. Ford and Sharon A. S. Neufeld in Assessment</p
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining social comparison as a behaviour change technique across the behavioural sciences
No full textEvaluation of the Scales for Social Comparison of Appearance (SSC-A) and Social Comparison of Well-being (SSC-W)
No full textPeople constantly compare their appearance and well-being to that of other individuals. However, there is a lack of a measure of social comparisons of well-being, and existing appearance-related social comparison scales assess social comparison tendency using predefined social situations. This limits our understanding of the role of social comparison in self-evaluation and well-being. Therefore, we developed the Scale for Social Comparison of Appearance (SSC-A) and the Scale for Social Comparison of Well-being (SSC-W) that assess downward and upward social comparisons with regards to a) frequency, b) perceived discrepancy, and c) affective impact during the last three weeks. In one longitudinal and three cross-sectional studies with sample sizes ranging from 500 to 1,119 participants, we administered the SSC-A or the SSC-W alongside measures of appearance social comparisons, body satisfaction, self-concept, social rank, psychological well-being, envy, rumination, depression and anxiety. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the expected two-factor solution representing upward and downward social comparisons for both scales. Their validity was supported by significant associations with the measured constructs. Overall, upward comparisons displayed higher associations with most measured constructs than downward comparisons. The SSC-A and SSC-W offer parsimonious, reliable and valid measures of social comparisons of appearance and well-being
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Efficacy of Psychological Interventions for Child and Adolescent PTSD: A Network Meta-Analysis
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