6 research outputs found
Parasitic Nematodes of Cashew Plants in Nurseries in Western Burkina Faso
No full textCashew production is a very important source of income for thousands of people in Burkina Faso and employs more than 45,000 households from production to marketing. The cashew tree is subject to many phytosanitary problems that can cause huge yield losses. An inventory of parasitic nematodes associated with cashew trees in nurseries in a farming environment was carried out for the first time. Cashew production is a very important source of income for thousands of people in Burkina Faso and employs more than 45,000 households from production to marketing. The cashew tree is subject to many phytosanitary problems that can cause yield losses. An inventory of parasitic nematodes associated with cashew plants in nurseries in a farming environment was carried out. The inventory revealed that ten (10) genera of nematodes are associated with the cashew plants in the nursery and the most frequent present in the soil are represented by Helicotylenchus dihystera (78.43%), Tylenchus sp. (62.75%), Pratylenchus brachyurus (39.22), Scutellonema cavenessi (33.33%) and Tylenchorhynchus sp. (19.61%). The most abundant nematodes were represented by Helicotylenchus dihystera and Tylenchus sp. with 336 and 53 nematodes/soil dm3 respectively. Five genera of nematodes are associated with the roots of cashew plants in nurseries, the most frequent of which are represented by Tylenchus sp. and Pratylenchus brachyurus at levels of 62.75 and 52.94% respectively. Population densities of root-extracted nematodes were low with a maximum of 2 nematodes/g of roots
Changes in the Soil Chemical Properties due to Mangifera indica (Mango) Biomass on the Soil in Western Burkina Faso
No full textA study on the effect of Mangifera indica biomass on soil chemical properties was conducted at INERA in Farako-Ba in western Burkina Faso. To do this, samples were taken from Mangifera indica orchards and a compost pile based on biomass from mango leaves was set up. The main objective of the study was to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of Mangifera indica biomass on soil chemical properties. The experimental system set up consisted of three blocks, each block being subdivided into two sub-plots. From the results obtained, we can conclude that the contents of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are higher in the soil under the crown of Mangifera indica compared to the soil outside the crown, which is a definite advantage in the fight against the degradation of agricultural land. In the Mangifera indica orchard, the soil pH drops from 6.58 under the crown to 5.64 for the control soil. The organic C content obtained in the soil taken from under the crown decreases by 11% at 3 m from the crown and by 13% for the soil taken from 6 m from the crown. The same trend is observed with the nitrogen content. These litters are characterized by high levels of phosphorus (1195mg.kg-1) and potassium (1317 mg.kg-1). The results obtained have raised questions about the status of the soil under cultivation of Magnifiera indica, and therefore require further investigations
Effects of Agroecological Practices (Zaï and Stone-Rows) on Soil Fertility and Sorghum Yield in Response to Effects of Climate Change to Achieve Food Security
No full textThe adoption of sustainable agricultural practices can slow down the degradation of arable land and enhance agricultural productivity, particularly land in the context of climate change. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of agroecological practices, specifically zaï and stone-rows (SR), on soil fertility and sorghum (kapelga variety) productivity in the northern Sudanian zone. The research was conducted in the village of Tanghin in a rural setting with four treatments, namely, zaï (Z), SR, the combination of stone-rows and zaï (CP + Z), and a control plot representing traditional peasant practices. Each of these treatments, selected after a survey of 30 farmers, was replicated four times. Key parameters evaluated in the 0–20-cm soil layer included particle size (at five fractions), organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable bases, and pH as well as the sorghum grain yield. The results showed that the managed plots, compared to the control, exhibited a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.5–6.8), along with an increase in organic carbon (+0.4%), CEC (+4.16 meq/100 g), and the sum of exchangeable bases (+7.608 meq/100 g). Grain sorghum yields were also increased by nearly 300% on plots managed with SR + Z and by 200% on plots with zaï (Z) and SR, compared to the farmer’s practices. While zaï and SR with organic manure had a positive effect on soil physical (soil layer) and chemical (carbon, nitrogen, and so on) fertility, it was evident that their combined effect was significantly greater. These results highlight the potential of traditional agroecological practices to mitigate the impacts of climate change on soil degradation and food production and suggest a pathway towards sustainable agriculture
Influence des haies de Jatropha sur le rendement d’une culture de sorgho (Sorghum vulgare) dans la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso: cas du terroir de Torokoro
No full textDans un contexte de désertification et avec la crise énergétique, un bon nombre d’acteurs de développement au Burkina Faso s’est intéressé au Jatropha curcas L. comme source d’énergie et de durabilité des productions. Afin d’évaluer l’influence de Jatropha sur les propriétés chimiques du sol et la productivité du sorgho associée, des essais ont été suivis pendant trois ans dans le terroir de Torokoro en zone Sud soudanienne de pluviométrie d’environ 1200 mm. Les plants de Jatropha, âgés de 6 ans, sont plantés aux écartements de 5 m entre les lignes et 2 m entre les plants. Le dispositif expérimental comporte trois blocs composés chacun de deux parcelles de 400 m2 correspondants aux 2 traitements: une par celle avec l’association sorgho-Jatropha et une parcelle en culture pure de sorgho (témoin). Les prélèvements de sol ont été effectués sous houppier, à 1 m et2m de la haie. Les résultats indiquent que Jatropha améliore la teneur du sol en carbone de 10% et de 8% en matière organique par rapport au témoin. Jatropha est aussi source de phosphore et de potassium et influence positivement la productivité du sorgho. Jatropha améliore donc les propriétés chimiques du sol et la productivité du sorgho.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Jatropha curcas L., sol, Sorgho, Rendements, propriétés chimiques, Burkina FasoEnglish Title: Influence of Jatropha hedges on the yield of a sorghum crop (Sorghum vulgare) in the western region of Burkina Faso: case of Torokoro localityEnglish AbstractIn a context of desertification and with the energy crisis, a number of development actors in Burkina Faso became interested in Jatropha curcas L. as a source of energy and sustainability of production. To assess the influence of Jatropha on soil chemical properties and on the productivity of associated sorghum, experiments were followed for three years in the village of Torokoro in south sudanian region, with a rainfall of about 1200 mm. Jatropha plants, aged 6, are planted at 5 m between rows and 2 m between plants. The experiment consisted of three blocks each consisting of two plots of 400 m2 corresponding to two treatments: a plot with sorghum and Jatropha in association and a plot with sorghum only (control). Soil samples were taken under crown, at 1m and 2 m from the hedge. The results indicate that Jatropha improves the carbon content in the soil of 10%, and the organic matter content of 8% compared to the control. Jatropha is also a source of phosphorus and potassium and positively influences the productivity of sorghum. Therefore, Jatropha improves the chemical properties of soil and productivity of sorghum.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., soil, Sorghum, yields, chemical properties, Burkina Fas
Caractérisation des systèmes de production de Jatropha dans les exploitations agricoles de la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso
No full textLa production agricole est la principale source de développement socio-économique au Burkina Faso. Depuis les années 2000, la promotion du Biocarburant suscite un regain d’intérêt pour la plantation de Pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.). Dans 14 villages de la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso, une enquête semistructurée basée sur un questionnaire a été appliquée auprès de 210 producteurs de Jatropha. Les résultats des enquêtes indiquent que la production de Jatropha est récente. La superficie des plantations de Jatropha varie entre 7,5 et 30 ha par village. L’écartement le plus adopté pour la plantation de Jatropha est de 5 m entre les lignes et 2 m entre les plants (5 m × 2 m), soit une densité de 1071 plants/ha. Une proportion de 80,4% des producteurs enquêtés indique avoir 4 à 7 ans d’expérience dans la culture de Jatropha. Les rendements varient entre 300 et 700 kg/ha. Pour 78,5% des exploitants, leur engagement dans la culture de Jatropha a été motivé par les structures de promotion de Jatropha. Plus de 90% des producteurs pratiquent la technique de la pépinière-transplantation et 70% pratiquent la culture associée au Jatropha. Les enquêtes révèlent que 70% des producteurs associent les légumineuses au Jatropha et que 22% des producteurs pratiquent la fertilisation de Jatropha. L’application des traitements phytosanitaires au Jatropha peu pratiquée, ne concerne que 11% des producteurs.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Biocarburant, pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.), enquêtes, exploitants, Burkina FasoEnglish Title: Characterization of the systems of production of Jatropha in the agricultural exploitations of the West zone of Burkina FosoEnglish AbstractThe agricultural production is the main source of socioeconomic development of Burkina Faso. Since the years 2000, the promotion of biofuel causes a renewal of interest toward Jatropha curcas L. In 14 villages of the West zone of Burkina Faso, a semi-structured investigation based on a questionnaire has been applied on 210 farmers of Jatropha. The results of the investigations indicate that the production of Jatropha is recent. The surfaces of plantations of Jatropha vary between 7.5 and 30 ha per village. The more adopted spacing for the plantation of Jatropha is of 5 m between the lines and 2 m between the plantations (5 m × 2 m), thus a density of 1071 plants/ha. A proportion of 80.4% of producers investigated have 4 to 7 years of experience in the culture of Jatropha. The yields vary between 300 and 700 kg/ha. For 78.5% of farmers, their commitment in the production of Jatropha has been motivated by the structures of promotion of Jatropha. More than 90% of the producers practice the technique of the nursery-transplantation and 70% grow cereal associated with Jatropha. The investigations reveal that 70% of producers associate vegetables with Jatropha and that 22% of producers fertilize Jatropha fields. The rate of the application of pesticides in the field of Jatropha is little, it concerns only 11% of producers.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biofuel, Jatropha curcas L., investigations, producers, Burkina Fas
Impact of Jatropha plantation on soil chemical and biological properties in the South Sudanian region in Burkina Faso
No full textIn Burkina Faso, about 100,000 ha of Jatropha were planted during the past 10 years. Despite this enthusiasm, few results exist on the impact of the plant on soil properties. This study contributes to better knowledge of Jatropha farming and was carried out in 2013 with Jatropha farmers in Torokoro and Tin villages in the south Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso (rainfall 900-1200 mm). Data collection plots of 400 m2 repeated 3 times were installed in 3 farmers’ fields in each village. Soil samples were collected at 3 distances (D0= under the crown, D1= 1m and D2= 2m) from the Jatropha trees lines and in a fallow as a control sample for each field. The results showed significant differences between distances for soil pH. Soil nutrients increase with distance from the crown (from 9.33% to 12.20%) for available phosphorus in Torokoro-6 years and decrease from 22.45% to 23.71% in Torokoro-2 years). Soil respiration and microbial biomass decreases also with distance. The density of spores of mycorrhizal fungi is higher for the control soils (14.64%) and it decreases from crown to 2m (from 2.22% to 9.53% in Tin-2 years). The study showed the contribution of Jatropha trees on soil fertility improvement.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha, soil biology, microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, Burkina Fas
