1,720,961 research outputs found
STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI PADA PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
Full text linkBiodiesel merupakan suatu senyawa alkil ester yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif karena memiliki sifat fisik dan sifat kimia yang menyerupai minyak diesel. Salah satu bahan baku utama dalam industri biodiesel adalah minyak kelapa sawit. Minyak kelapa sawit mengandung minyak lemak (trigliserida), asam lemak bebas dan air. Komponen minyak lemak dan asam lemak bebas inilah yang akan diubah menjadi metil ester. Reaksi utama untuk menghasilkan metil ester adalah reaksi transesterifikasi yang mengubah trigliserida menjadi biodiesel. Adanya asam lemak bebas dalam minyak sawit dapat menghambat reaksi transesterifikasi tetapi asam lemak bebas tersebut dapat juga dikonversi menjadi biodiesel. Untuk mengkonversinya maka reaksi yang harus dilalui adalah reaksi esterifikasi. Pada penelitian ini reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas menggunakan metanol sebagai pereaksi dan asam sulfat sebagai katalis. Reaksi dilangsungkan pada suhu 60 ℃, dengan variabel penelitian adalah waktu reaksi dan kecepatan pengadukan. Perolehan metil ester dipengaruhi oleh waktu reaksi dan kecepatan pengadukan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, memberikan informasi bahwa waktu reaksi optimum untuk konversi asam lemak bebas menjadi metil ester adalah 60–80 menit, kecepatan pengadukan optimum yang memberikan konversi terbesar adalah 150 rpm. Konstanta kecepatan reaksi terbesar dicapai pada pengadukan 150 rpm yaitu 0,00587 mol/l.menit dan konstanta paling rendah pada pengadukan 110 rpm yaitu 0,00480 mol/l.menit
Systematic Literatur Review: Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif dalam Pembelajaran Kimia Pada Tingkat SMA di Indonesia
Full text linkKeterampilan berpikir kreatif merupakan keterampilan abad 21 yang diperlukan menghadapi tantangan dunia global. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran penelitian terdahulu tentang keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pembelajaran kimia SMA di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review merujuk pada Kitchenham dan Charters. Sumber data dari https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id. Penelusuran artikel pada masing-masing website menggunakan kata kunci berpikir kreatif, creative thinking, kreativitas dan creativity. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1). Publikasi artikel keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pembelajaran kimia di Indonesia termuat pada jurnal SINTA 2 sebanyak tujuh artikel, SINTA 3 tujuh artikel, SINTA 4 tujuh artikel, SINTA 5 dua artikel; 2). Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dimana cara yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah mengembangkan LKPD yang didasarkan pada model pembelajaran tertentu; 3). Konten kimia yang menjadi bahan kajian dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif adalah beragam, dengan kajian terbanyak pada konten Asam Basa dan Larutan Penyangga.Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif, Pembelajaran Kimia, SMA.ABSTRACTCreative thinking skills are 21st century skills needed to face the challenges of the global world. This research aims to provide an overview of previous research on creative thinking skills in chemistry learning at high schools in Indonesia. Research using Systematic Literature Review refers to Kitchenham and Charters. Data source from https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id. Search for articles on each website using the keywords creative thinking, creativity and creativity. The research results are: 1). The publication of articles on creative thinking skills in chemistry learning in Indonesia is contained in the journal SINTA 2 with seven articles, SINTA 3 seven articles, SINTA 4 seven articles, SINTA 5 two articles; 2). Various efforts have been made to develop students' creative thinking skills, where the most common way is to develop student worksheets that are based on certain learning models; 3). The chemical content used as study material in developing creative thinking skills is diverse, with the most studies being Acids-Bases and Buffer Solutions.Keywords: Creative Thinking Skills, Chemistry Learning, High Schoo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Dan Kebijakan Transformasi Digital Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Puskesmas Kawasan Sangat Terpencil Kabupaten Tana Toraja
No full textThis study aims to analyze the influence of organizational commitment and digital transformation policies on health service quality in very remote community health centers (Puskesmas) in Tana Toraja Regency. The research involved 32 healthcare workers selected through purposive sampling. A quantitative method was employed, utilizing validated scales for Organizational Commitment, Digital Transformation, and Service Quality as measurement instruments. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that organizational commitment exerts a significant positive influence on service quality (β = 0.890, p < 0.001). In contrast, digital transformation policy was not a significant predictor of service quality (β = 0.074, p = 0.367). Collectively, both variables significantly explain 80.4% of the variance in service quality (Adjusted R² = 0.804). The results underscore that in very remote areas, human factors, particularly organizational commitment, are the primary determinant of health service quality, while digital implementation continues to face substantial barriers. Therefore, strengthening organizational commitment should be the primary priority, either prior to or in conjunction with digitalization initiatives.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh komitmen organisasi dan kebijakan transformasi digital terhadap kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas kawasan sangat terpencil di Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Penelitian ini melibatkan 32 tenaga kesehatan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat ukur berupa Skala Komitmen Organisasi, Skala Transformasi Digital dan Skala Kualitas Pelayanan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komitmen organisasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan (β = 0,890, p < 0,001). Sebaliknya, kebijakan transformasi digital tidak menjadi prediktor yang signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan (β = 0,074, p = 0,367). Secara bersama-sama, kedua variabel secara signifikan menjelaskan 80,4% variasi dalam kualitas pelayanan (Adjusted R² = 0,804). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa di wilayah sangat terpencil, faktor manusia (komitmen organisasi) merupakan penentu utama kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, sementara implementasi digital masih menghadapi hambatan. Oleh karena itu, penguatan komitmen organisasi harus menjadi prioritas utama sebelum atau bersamaan dengan upaya digitalisasi
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