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Le tumulus funéraire d'un prince scythe d'Aržan 2 dans la région de la Touva (Russie)
No full textParzinger Hermann. Le tumulus funéraire d'un prince scythe d'Aržan 2 dans la région de la Touva (Russie). In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 147ᵉ année, N. 2, 2003. pp. 975-995
Oldest known case of metastasizing prostate carcinoma diagnosed in the skeleton of a 2,700-year-old Scythian King from Arzhan (Siberia, Russia)
No full textTo determine whether a 2,700-year-old tumor can be reliably diagnosed using microscopic and proteomic techniques and whether such prostate carcinomas show the same morphological pattern at the micro-level as modern-day carcinomas, this case was investigated. A 40-50-year-old Scythian king who lived during the Iron Age in the steppe of Southern Siberia (Russia) suffered from macroscopically visible osteoblastic and osteoclastic lesions throughout his entire skeleton. Macro-morphological (macroscopy, encloscopy, radiology) and micro-morphological techniques (histology, scanning-electron microscopy) as well as proteomic techniques (1-D-and 2-D-electrophoresesis, Western blot) were applied. The results of the morphological and biochemical investigation proved that this mature male suffered for many years from and probably died of a carcinoma of the prostate. The diagnosis mainly rests on the results of the microscopic examination of the lesions and the positive evidence of PSA, which is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is remarkable that, in this ancient case, the morphological pattern at the microlevel is the same as in recent cases. The loss of the spongy bone substance (red bone marrow) provoked chronic anemia during the final months of the life of this king. The proteomic techniques applied are new for the investigation of recent and ancient macerated bones. Sensitive and reliable biochemical markers (PSA) are an important precondition to detect such tumors in recent and ancient materials. Currently, this is the oldest known case of prostate cancer diagnosed reliably by morphological and biochemical techniques. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Detection and analysis of cancer genes amplified from bone material of a Scythian royal burial in Arzhan near Tuva, Siberia
No full textMolecular paleopathology has become an emerging field that helps to characterize molecular markers of past disease. Especially highly sensitive genetic techniques such as PCR are an important means of unraveling changes in ancient DNA extracted from bone tissue, teeth and mummified soft tissue. In the present study, excavated bone material from the skeleton of a Scythian sovereign, morphologically and immunohistochemically suspicious of a metastatic prostate carcinoma, was analyzed by PCR for amplifiable human gene sequences. Short sequences of the human GADD153 DNA repair gene and p53 tumor suppressor gene were detectable which revealed the absence of mutations according to the data of automatic sequencing. Using bisulfite-treated DNA from the bone, methylation-specific PCR detected hypermethylated promoter sequences of the p14ARF tumor suppressor gene. In summary, these data show that it is possible: a) to amply short human DNA stretches from 2,500-year-old bone material, b) to detect tumorigenetically important genes within this DNA, c) to detect epigenetically modified DNA in ancient bone material. The finding of hypermethylated p14ARF sequences merits attention because this may indicate an intraosseal neoplastic process and may corroborate the hypothesis of prostate cancer
Detection and analysis of cancer genes amplified from bone material of a Scythian royal burial in Arzhan near Tuva, Siberia
No full textMolecular paleopathology has become an emerging field that helps to characterize molecular markers of past disease. Especially highly sensitive genetic techniques such as PCR are an important means of unraveling changes in ancient DNA extracted from bone tissue, teeth and mummified soft tissue. In the present study, excavated bone material from the skeleton of a Scythian sovereign, morphologically and immunohistochemically suspicious of a metastatic prostate carcinoma, was analyzed by PCR for amplifiable human gene sequences. Short sequences of the human GADD153 DNA repair gene and p53 tumor suppressor gene were detectable which revealed the absence of mutations according to the data of automatic sequencing. Using bisulfite-treated DNA from the bone, methylation-specific PCR detected hypermethylated promoter sequences of the p14ARF tumor suppressor gene. In summary, these data show that it is possible: a) to amply short human DNA stretches from 2,500-year-old bone material, b) to detect tumorigenetically important genes within this DNA, c) to detect epigenetically modified DNA in ancient bone material. The finding of hypermethylated p14ARF sequences merits attention because this may indicate an intraosseal neoplastic process and may corroborate the hypothesis of prostate cancer
Arzhan 2 : la tombe d'un prince scythe en Sibérie du Sud. Rapport préliminaire des fouilles russo-allemandes de 2000-2002.
No full textFrom 2000 to 2002, a Russian-German mission excavated the kourgane Arzhan 2 in the valley of Ujuk in the north of the Republic of Tuva (Federation of Russia). It released the princely Tomb 5, double burial place of a man and a woman. With more than 9300 objects including approximately 5700 out of gold, it is one of the richest tombs of the Scythian period, in Siberia and in the whole Eurasian steppe. Many of these golden objects are masterpieces of the old Scythian animal style, but they also are local productions without external influence, which throw a new light on the old phases of the animal style in South Siberia. The princely tomb, as well as other tombs discovered in the kourgane Arzhan 2 in 2002, go back to the old Scythian period known as period of Aldy Bel', and are therefore datable back to the 7th century B.C. The tombs discovered in 2002 and pertaining to the princely couple suite as well as the burial place of the 14 horses highlight the function of the kourgane Arzhan 2 : not only a funerary unit, but also a place of worship, in the context of which the burial place of the princely couple was truly staged by worship activities.De 2000 à 2002 une mission russo-allemande a fouillé le kourgane Arzhan 2 dans la vallée de l'Ujuk au nord de la République de Tuva (Fédération de Russie). Elle a dégagé la Tombe princière 5, sépulture double d'un homme et d'une femme qui, avec plus de 9300 objets dont environ 5700 en or, fait partie des tombes les plus riches de l'époque scythe, en Sibérie et dans l'ensemble de la steppe eurasienne. Beaucoup de ces objets en or sont des chefs-d'œuvre du style animalier scythe ancien, mais aussi des productions locales sans influence extérieure, qui jettent une lumière nouvelle sur les phases anciennes du style animalier en Sibérie du Sud. La tombe princière, ainsi que d'autres tombes découvertes dans le kourgane Arzhan 2 en 2002, remontent toutes à la période scythe ancienne dite période d'Aldy Bel', et sont de ce fait datables du vnes. av. J.-C. Les tombes découvertes en 2002 et appartenant à la suite du couple princier ainsi que la sépulture des 14 chevaux mettent en évidence la fonction du kourgane Arzhan 2: non seulement ensemble funéraire, mais également lieu de culte, dans le contexte duquel la sépulture du couple princier était véritablement mise en scène par des activités cultuelles.Chugunov Konstantin, Nagler Anatoli, Parzinger Hermann. Arzhan 2 : la tombe d'un prince scythe en Sibérie du Sud. Rapport préliminaire des fouilles russo-allemandes de 2000-2002.. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 59, 2004. pp. 5-29
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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