186,358 research outputs found
Childhood adversity, bonding and family functioning – is there a specific association with borderline personality disorder in adolescents?
No full textObjective: Despite growing evidence on risk-factors of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adults, there is a paucity of research on such specific characteristics of BPD in youth. Furthermore, studies on adolescence BPD in clinical setting are still rare. This study aimed to investigate adverse childhood experiences, parental bonding and family functioning in a sample of female adolescent inpatients with BPD, and to compare them with a clinical control group with mixed psychiatric diagnoses.
Method: A consecutive sample of 91 female adolescents inpatients (ages 12-18 years) was recruited within a psychiatric university hospital. BPD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders. The Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) was used to assess childhood abuse history, the Parental Bonding Instruments (PBI) was used to evaluate the parent–child bonding, and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) was used to evaluate familial functioning perceived by the adolescent.
Results: A history of childhood abuse and maltreatment was significantly (p = <.001) more common in patients with BPD compared to their clinical controls. Using univariate regression, significant associations were found for all adverse childhood experiences, except for physical abuse from mother. Univariate regression analyses also showed significant associations for all subscale of the FAD and PBI. In the stepwise logistic regression model (p < .001), experiences of sexual abuse (OR = 14.11, CI = 3.21 – 62.04), problematic General Functioning (OR = 9.38, CI = 2.23 – 39.44), and low Care from mother (OR = 7.35, CI = 1.88 – 28.80) remained in the best predictive model of BPD.
Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering familial variables and a broad variety of adverse childhood experience in the etiology of BPD in adolescence. They have important implications for family involvement in the treatment of adolescent BPD
Specificity of basic symptoms in early onset schizophrenia
No full textDevelopmental psychopathology addresses several important questions of the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders proposing a conceptual framework, which includes developmental psychology, neurobiology and clinical psychopathology. The first question to be raised is the contribution of normal developmental processes to the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, ending up with the second question, what impacts psychopathology itself may exert on normal development concerning defects, vulnerabilities and disturbances of age-dependent adaptive processes [11]. Normal cognitive and emotional development seems to be a prerequisite for symptom formation. These assumptions may help us in the interpretation of different psychotic and prodromal phenomena in children and adolescents. Looking at the table of ages, we find overlapping disturbances in various age groups. First manifestations of pervasive developmental disorders - Kanner-Autism [7] - can be detected in the age group from birth to six years. Asperger syndrome [2] may be particularly detected in the age group between six and nine years. In this age group also very early onset psychosis can be elucidated, which shows predominantly formal thought disorder and inappropriate affect. Very early onset psychoses presenting with hallucinations and delusions rather seem to start off in the age group between nine and twelve years. Of these patients, 60% show developmental disorders of speech and language, and about one third present with pervasive developmental disorders in prodromal stages [1]. Early onset psychoses with a lifetime prevalence of about 0.23% begin in the age group between twelve and eighteen [3]. Adult psychosis presents with prodromal features that reach back into ages around and before puberty [5]. From an epidemiological point of view all these groups of disorders may be found during the adolescent age
Pathological Internet use among adolescents: Comparing gamers and non-gamers
No full textThe Coordination Theme 1 (Health) of the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7), Grant agreement nr HEALTH-2010–241542, supports the Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project. The Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg supported the analyses.Strittmatter, E., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C.W., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Durkee, T., Apter, A., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Cosman, D., Sisask, M., Värnik, P., Wasserman, D
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis
No full textBackground
Research documents a strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. However, only few studies have examined the specific effects of various types of childhood abuse/neglect on depression. This meta-analysis estimated the associations between depression and different types of childhood maltreatment (antipathy, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse) assessed with the same measure, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview.
Method
A systematic search in scientific databases included use of CECA interview and strict clinical assessment for major depression as criteria. Our meta-analysis utilized Cohen ́s d and relied on a random-effects model.
Results
The literature search yielded 12 primary studies (reduced from 44), with a total of 4372 participants and 34 coefficients. Separate meta-analyses for each type of maltreatment revealed that psychological abuse and neglect were most strongly associated with the outcome of depression. Sexual abuse, although significant, was less strongly related. Furthermore, the effects of specific types of childhood maltreatment differed across adult and adolescent samples.
Limitations
Our strict criteria for selecting the primary studies resulted in a small numbers of available studies. It restricted the analyses for various potential moderators.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis addressed the differential effects of type of childhood maltreatment on major depression, partially explaining between-study variance. The findings clearly highlight the potential impact of the more “silent” types of childhood maltreatment (other than physical and sexual abuse) on the development of depression
Childhood behavioral inhibition and maternal symptoms of depression
No full textBACKGROUND: The significance of behavioral inhibition in the second year of life for the development of social phobia in later childhood was the incentive to explore whether maternal postnatal psychopathology is a predictor for behavioral inhibition in the offspring.; METHOD: 101 mother-infant pairs were recruited from local obstetric units and examined for maternal psychopathology by the Symptom Checklist and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale several times during the first postnatal year. Child behavioral inhibition was assessed at 14 months in a laboratory procedure.; RESULTS: Postpartum depression at 4 months measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was found to be strongly associated with toddlers' fear score/behavioral inhibition at 14 months. Maternal depressive symptoms assessed by the revised 90-item Symptom Checklist at 6 weeks , 4 and 14 months were found to be related to child inhibition as well.; CONCLUSIONS: Even maternal depression not reaching the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment has an impact on child behavioral development. These data should give rise to further studies on the origins of this relationship, which might be primarily genetic or interactional. 2007 S. Karger AG, Base
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pathological Internet Use Is on the Rise Among European Adolescents
No full textThe Coordination Theme 1 (Health) of the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7) supported the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) project (grant agreement number HEALTH-F2-2009-223091) and the Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project (grant agreement number HEALTH 2010e241542). J.K. is supported by a Physician-Scientist Fellowship provided by the Medical School of Heidelberg UniversityKaess, M., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Koenig, J., Durkee, T., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hoven, C.W., Sarchiapone, M., Bobes, J., Cosman, D., Värnik, A., Resch, F., Wasserman, D
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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