1,721,055 research outputs found
Childhood adversity, bonding and family functioning – is there a specific association with borderline personality disorder in adolescents?
No full textObjective: Despite growing evidence on risk-factors of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adults, there is a paucity of research on such specific characteristics of BPD in youth. Furthermore, studies on adolescence BPD in clinical setting are still rare. This study aimed to investigate adverse childhood experiences, parental bonding and family functioning in a sample of female adolescent inpatients with BPD, and to compare them with a clinical control group with mixed psychiatric diagnoses.
Method: A consecutive sample of 91 female adolescents inpatients (ages 12-18 years) was recruited within a psychiatric university hospital. BPD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders. The Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) was used to assess childhood abuse history, the Parental Bonding Instruments (PBI) was used to evaluate the parent–child bonding, and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) was used to evaluate familial functioning perceived by the adolescent.
Results: A history of childhood abuse and maltreatment was significantly (p = <.001) more common in patients with BPD compared to their clinical controls. Using univariate regression, significant associations were found for all adverse childhood experiences, except for physical abuse from mother. Univariate regression analyses also showed significant associations for all subscale of the FAD and PBI. In the stepwise logistic regression model (p < .001), experiences of sexual abuse (OR = 14.11, CI = 3.21 – 62.04), problematic General Functioning (OR = 9.38, CI = 2.23 – 39.44), and low Care from mother (OR = 7.35, CI = 1.88 – 28.80) remained in the best predictive model of BPD.
Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering familial variables and a broad variety of adverse childhood experience in the etiology of BPD in adolescence. They have important implications for family involvement in the treatment of adolescent BPD
Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis
No full textBackground
Research documents a strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. However, only few studies have examined the specific effects of various types of childhood abuse/neglect on depression. This meta-analysis estimated the associations between depression and different types of childhood maltreatment (antipathy, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse) assessed with the same measure, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview.
Method
A systematic search in scientific databases included use of CECA interview and strict clinical assessment for major depression as criteria. Our meta-analysis utilized Cohen ́s d and relied on a random-effects model.
Results
The literature search yielded 12 primary studies (reduced from 44), with a total of 4372 participants and 34 coefficients. Separate meta-analyses for each type of maltreatment revealed that psychological abuse and neglect were most strongly associated with the outcome of depression. Sexual abuse, although significant, was less strongly related. Furthermore, the effects of specific types of childhood maltreatment differed across adult and adolescent samples.
Limitations
Our strict criteria for selecting the primary studies resulted in a small numbers of available studies. It restricted the analyses for various potential moderators.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis addressed the differential effects of type of childhood maltreatment on major depression, partially explaining between-study variance. The findings clearly highlight the potential impact of the more “silent” types of childhood maltreatment (other than physical and sexual abuse) on the development of depression
Childhood behavioral inhibition and maternal symptoms of depression
No full textBACKGROUND: The significance of behavioral inhibition in the second year of life for the development of social phobia in later childhood was the incentive to explore whether maternal postnatal psychopathology is a predictor for behavioral inhibition in the offspring.; METHOD: 101 mother-infant pairs were recruited from local obstetric units and examined for maternal psychopathology by the Symptom Checklist and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale several times during the first postnatal year. Child behavioral inhibition was assessed at 14 months in a laboratory procedure.; RESULTS: Postpartum depression at 4 months measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was found to be strongly associated with toddlers' fear score/behavioral inhibition at 14 months. Maternal depressive symptoms assessed by the revised 90-item Symptom Checklist at 6 weeks , 4 and 14 months were found to be related to child inhibition as well.; CONCLUSIONS: Even maternal depression not reaching the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment has an impact on child behavioral development. These data should give rise to further studies on the origins of this relationship, which might be primarily genetic or interactional. 2007 S. Karger AG, Base
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Transgenerationale Effekte belastender Kindheitserlebnisse auf die Borderline-Symptomatik von Jugendlichen
No full textEinleitung: Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse belegen substantielle Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Erleben von Missbrauchs- und Misshandlungserfahrungen in der Kindheit und der Entwicklung der Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung im Erwachsenenalter. Die Frage nach transgenerationalen Effekten belastender Kindheitserlebnisse sowie möglicher intermittierender Variablen wird hingegen kontrovers diskutiert. Zudem beschäftigten sich bislang wenige Studien mit der Entwicklung von Borderline Symptomen im Jugendalter. An diesen Wissenslücken ansetzend, untersuchen wir die spezifischen Effekte belastender Kindheitserfahrungen von Eltern auf Borderline-Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Folgegeneration sowie mögliche mediierende Variablen.
Methode: Insgesamt nahmen 91 konsekutiv rekrutierte, stationäre Patientinnen (MAlter = 15.6 Jahre) der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrie des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg sowie deren Eltern (87 Mütter, 59 Väter) an der Studie teil. Belastende Kindheitserlebnisse (Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, CECA.Q) und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften der Eltern (Persönlichkeits-Stil und Störungs-Inventar, PSSI) wurden mithilfe von Selbstberichtsfragebögen, Borderline-Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Jugendlichen durch strukturierte klinische Interviews (SKID II) erfasst. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte durch Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse belegen signifikante Effekte von belastenden Kindheitserlebnissen der Mütter und Väter auf die Entwicklung von Borderline-Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen der Jugendlichen. Diese Zusammenhänge werden partiell durch Persönlichkeitseigenschaften der Eltern (spontaner/emotional-instabiler Stil) sowie durch die Erfahrung belastender Kindheitserlebnisse in der Folgegeneration vermittelt.
Unsere Ergebnisse weisen auf eine mögliche Relevanz von transgenerationalen belastenden Kindheitserlebnissen als Ansatzpunkte für Präventions- und Interventionsprogramme der Entwicklung von Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen hin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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