1,735 research outputs found
The Political History of the Golden Horde in 1419–1427
No full textResearch objectives: To comprehensively explore the political history of the Golden Horde during the specified period; to identify the causes of the internecine wars of this period and simultaneously identify the main political groups, as well as their role and influence on the course of events.
Research materials: Russian annals (Nikonovskaya, Simeonovskaya, Gustynskaya, and the West Russian chronicles); Persian historiography (al-Hawafi, Hafiz Abru, Samarkandi, Ötemish Haji); Arabic historiography (al-Ayni); Tatar historiography (Kirimy, Kadir Ali-bek, Khurremi); the Nogai heroic epos “Idegei”; accounting books (massariae) of Caffa; the memoirs of the Bavarian soldier Johann Schiltberger; the diplomatic correspondence of Vytautas; Polish historical works (Jan Długosz), etc. The author also used the works by A.L. Ponomarev, R.Yu. Reva, D.N. Maslyuzhenko, R.A. Bespalov, A.P. Grigoriev, V.M. Zhirmunsky et al.
Results and novelty of the research: The author has reached the conclusion that during the civil strife in the Golden Horde in the 1420s, the main struggle took place between the descendants of Töqa-Temur, Ulugh-Muhammad, supported by the great Lithuanian prince Vytautas, and the grandson of Urus Khan, Baraq, supported by Timurid Ulugh Bek. Based on the publication of new sources (in particular, the “Qara tavarikh” of Ötemish Haji), the article proposes a solution for the problem of the so-called “Muhammads” – the problem, which was first formulated by M.G. Safargaliev and recently again discussed by R.Yu. Reva, Ya.V. Pilipchuk, Zh.M. Sabitov. A comprehensive analysis of written sources (classified on chronological and factual grounds) suggests that “Muhammad”, often mentioned in medieval literature, was in fact Ulugh Muhammad, and not just another eponymous prince from the Shibanid dynasty. The author also examined in detail the process of nominating new candidates for the throne after the death of Dervish Khan, Kadir Berdy and Idegei. The Crimean beks were most active here, having approved their protege Ulugh Muhammad. What happened clearly demonstrates the fact that for some time, the Nogais lost their political dominance in the Golden Horde despite the accounts of the late Tatar chroniclers who clearly fell under the influence of the Nogai heroic epic. It is also interesting that the outline of the events of this period is directly related to the scholarly research, as well as to the source-research tools used by it. In general, the political history of the Golden Horde in the period under consideration reflects the continuation of the political decay of the state, the increasing role of local clans, as well as the increased attention paid to it by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Is the work of Utemish-hajji pro-Shibanid?
No full textPurpose of the study: To consider specific examples to substantiate the pro-Shibanid orientation of the work of Utemish-hajji, formed in the research literature. To analyze these examples in a comparative historical vein using a wide range of written sources, and on this basis note some stylistic features of the written heritage of the Khiva historian. The final part provides a brief analysis of the works of those medieval authors whose main focus is indeed on the Shibanid dynasty.
Research materials: The main sources for this article were two manuscripts of the works of Utemish-hajji published in Russian – “Chingiz-name” and “Kara tawarikh”. Also used are synchronous Arab and Persian historians of the 15th–17th centuries, and materials from Russian chronicles.
Research results. It has been determined that the arguments for the author’s pro-Shibanid position presented in historiography are not entirely correct, as demonstrated by relevant passages from the work of Utemish-hajji. In both manuscripts of the work, the Shibanid dynasty indeed occupies an important role, but politically it does not stand out from the rest of the descendants of Jochi. The only exception is the founder of the Shiban dynasty whose military exploits are highlighted by the author. In addition, Utemish-hajji’s poor knowledge of the genealogy of the ruling dynasty is noted, which indirectly indicates that the goals and objectives of the work he performed were aimed at building one’s own version of the history of the Golden Horde. This approach was partly due to the sources of the information received. The plot of the work contrasts strongly with works that can be classified as Shibanid historiography. A typical example here is the work of Masud Kukhistani, who built his work around the personality of Abu l-Khair. Separately, it is worth noting a number of episodes discussed in the article (the reign and death of Khizr, the end of the Batuid dynasty), information about which could be gleaned from written sources. All of the above raises pressing questions of research into the goals and objectives set for the chronicler, as well as clarification of the specific ideological orientation of the work
The Life and Vegetating
No full textFor several years, A.V. Suvorov has been doing mailing lists for like-minded colleagues and friends. Each of the letters is a scientific and journalistic text on philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, and life topics. A.V. Suvorov signed his letters "Hedgehog" - that's how he called himself, meaning not only prickly, but also the desire to isolate himself for a while, shrink, withdraw into himself from the world, so that he could then turn to him with something important. We bring to your attention his latest essay, or rather, the last revision of the text that he wrote almost a quarter of a century ago. The author reflects on how to overcome universal, collective and individual, personal nonsense as a way of existence. In his opinion, didactics is intended to provide a means of understanding existence.</p
Teaching foreign students argumentation on the example of A.V. Vampilov’s “The elder son”
No full textThe article concerns ways of teaching argumentation to foreign students learning Russian as a foreign language. The author characterizes extracts of A.V. Vampilov's “The Elder Son” where different verbal persuasive means showing menthality, specifiс way of thinking and world perception of the Russians are presented
Large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow using the explicit algebraic subgrid-scale model
No full textLarge-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent channel flow are performed with a new subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model. The simulations show that with this model we can well predict turbulent wall flows at coarse resolutions and moderately high Reynolds numbers. The commonly used dynamic Smagorinsky model fails at coarser resolutions
Explicit algebraic and differential Reynolds stress model application to homogeneously sheared and compressed turbulence
No full textAn explicit algebraic and differential Reynolds stress models (EARSM and DRSM) are used to investigate the influence of homogeneous shear and compression on the behaviour of turbulence in the limit of rapid distortion theory (RDT). EARSM is shown to give realizable results and to preserve RDT regime, unlike the eddy-viscosity model (EVM). The DRSM version of our model is in reasonable agreement with RDT theory
Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov: General’s Persona in Memory Politics of Early 20th Century Russian Empire
No full textThis article addresses the utilization of heroic imagery from the past within the memory politics of the early 20th century Russian Empire. The author provides a detailed analysis of the commemoration of A.V. Suvorov’s feats during the reign of Nicholas II. It is demonstrated that the centenary of Suvorov’s death catalyzed a resurgence of interest in this heroic figure. Based on archival documents and periodical press, the study shows that efforts to immortalize the general continued after the centennial anniversary. The research establishes that Victorian themes occupied a central position in the symbolic politics of autocratic power throughout this period. The author concludes that the state actively employed the heroic image of A.V. Suvorov to legitimize the existing order and unify the empire’s populace. It is emphasized that, in the early 20th century, key instruments for shaping the memory landscape included the construction of a pantheon of national heroes, the establishment of museums, the organization of celebratory ceremonies, and the execution of educational initiatives, alongside monumental commemoration. The author asserts that narratives from military history were instrumental in creating cultural infrastructure both within and beyond the state’s borders. This article is of particular interest to researchers exploring issues related to historical memory and memory politics in the early 20th century
Lutein and zeaxanthin complex: ophthalmologists’ choice
No full text
A.V. Korneeva
LLC “Three-Z-Moscow”, Moscow, Russian Federation
This article summarizes the data on carotenoids and their role in retinal antioxidant protection. The relevance of lutein and zeaxanthin complexes and criteria for their choice are discussed. Data on the relationship between low carotenoid levels in the fovea and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are available. There are several lutein and zeaxanthin complexes which formulations were developed according to the AREDS2. Clinical trials demonstrate that lutein and zeaxanthin complexes improve both retinal functional activity and morphological parameters and are effective to prevent AMD development and progression. They are recommended for unbalanced diet, gastrointestinal disorders, psychoemotional stresses (e.g., drivers or professional athletes), intensive ultraviolet (e.g., welders, lighters or mountain tourists), myopia, accommodation cramp, inflammatory and degenerative ocular disorders. Optimal dosing is 1 tablet per day for at least 3 months twice a year.
Key words: lutein, zeaxanthin, carotenoids, antioxidants, age-related macular degeneration.
For citation: Korneeva A.V. Lutein and zeaxanthin complex: ophthalmologists’ choice. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2019;19(1):54–58.
About the author:
Alina V. Korneeva — MD, PhD, ophthalmologist.
“Three-Z-Moscow”. 3, Boris Galushkin Str., Moscow, 129301, Russian Federation.
Contact information: Alina V. Korneeva, e-mail: [email protected]. Financial Disclosure: author has no a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned. There is no conflict of interests. Received 17.10.2018.<br
Author Correction:A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6, published online 25 November 2021The original version of this Article contained errors in the author list where Marjolein D. Bosch was omitted from the author list, and Mikołaj Urbanowski was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.The Author contributions section now reads:“S.T. W.N. and A.N. conceived the project; S.T., W.N., A.P., M.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., M.D. B., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H., performed research; S.T., A.P., W.N., M.B., M.D.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H. analysed all archaeological data; S.T. and A.P. wrote the paper with the collaboration of all the co-authors.”The original Article and its accompanying Supplementary Information file have been corrected
Sense of “Axial time” in A.V. Semushkin and M.K. Mamardashvili’s creativity
No full textIn the article considers the concept of “axial time”, developed by K. Jaspers. Through a prism of A.V. Semushkin and M.K. Mamardashvili’s creativity opens its essence determined as “spiritual revolution”. Defined its specific features, as consequence of this “break to transcendent”: universalism, an opportunity of the communication, birth of philosophy, world religions and sciences; history, person and morals. Degradation the modern culture, expressing in growth of conflicts and wars, communicate the author with deviation from revelations of “axial time” that threatens mankind with self-destruction
- …
